Article
Mechanics
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: This study investigates the ballistic mechanism of 3D woven fabric under Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) projectile impact, using numerical simulation and ballistic impact tests to validate and evaluate the finite element analysis (FEA) model. The results show a relatively good correlation between the FEA model and experimental tests, providing insights for the design of 3D woven fabric for ballistic protection.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yi Zhou, Hang Li, Zhongwei Zhang, Gan Li, Ziming Xiong, Mingyang Wang
Summary: Research has shown that stitching yarn within woven fabric can significantly increase energy absorption, improving penetration test results.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Magdi El Messiry, Eman Eltahan
Summary: This study analyzes the punching resistance properties of Kevlar fabrics, investigating the difference between continuous filament yarn and spun yarn fabrics and their effects on punching resistance. The findings show that fabrics made from spun yarns exhibit better punching resistance.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Sagar Ingle, Chandra Sekher Yerramalli, Anirban Guha, Sushil Mishra
Summary: Inter-yarn friction significantly affects the ballistic energy absorption of woven fabrics, but the impact of yarn material properties on the optimum friction value remains unclear. This study uses finite element analysis to show that materials with lower longitudinal modulus and higher failure strain have a smaller threshold friction level for ballistic energy absorption.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Yi Zhou, Song Ding, Zhongwei Zhang, Ziming Xiong, Jiuxiao Sun, Xin Liu
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of thread stitching on the ballistic performance of plain weaves made of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene multi-filament yarns. The results show that thread stitching can increase the energy absorption capacity of the woven fabric and prevent yarn pull-out by constraining yarn displacement. This study is of great significance for further improving the application of textile materials in the field of protection.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Zhongxiang Pan
Summary: This paper investigates the ballistic mechanism of 3D angle interlock woven fabric (3DAWF) under normal and oblique impact. A mesoscale model of 3DAWF under different impact directions and angles was studied to reveal its ballistic mechanism. The numerical studies showed that the 3DAWF's ballistic performance increases non-linearly with impact obliquity and the ballistic mechanisms change with impact directions due to the anisotropic structure of 3DAWF. The impact damage mechanism, energy absorption evolution, and stress wave distribution of the 3DAWF under oblique high-velocity impact were also demonstrated. These findings are constructive for the application of 3DAWF in ballistic protection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Bo Gao
Summary: The numerical simulation of 3D angle interlock woven fabric under ballistic impact using LS-DYNA showed that the SJC material model accurately predicted projectile's residual velocities and fabric's deformation and damages.
JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qingsong Wei, Dan Yang, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: This study investigates the ballistic impact on Kevlar multilayer three-dimensional angle-interlock woven fabric (3DAWF) using a mesoscale geometrical model for numerical simulation. The results show that numerical simulations with strain rate effects in the yarn material properties accurately reproduce the ballistic test results and provide a more precise prediction in projectile's velocity, energy absorption mechanism, and failure morphology compared to traditional FEA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Yifan He, Shengnan Min, Si Chen, Jianming Wang, Zhonghua Wang, Yi Zhou
Summary: In this study, the effect of Z-binding depths on the ballistic performance and failure mechanisms of para-aramid 3D fabrics was systematically investigated. Two types of 3D woven fabrics were compared to the 2D plain weave fabric. Ballistic tests and finite element simulation analyses were conducted based on a similar areal density. The results showed that the 3D fabric systems had a higher ballistic limit and a progressive failure mode compared to the 2D system.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Mulat Alubel Abtew, Francois Boussu, Pascal Bruniaux, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Yan Chen, Lichaun Wang
Summary: The research demonstrates that woven fabric type, impact locations, and number of layers have a significant impact on the ballistic performance of target panels for lightweight women ballistic vest design. For example, 40 layers of two-dimensional plain weave fabric panels exhibit lower trauma measurement values compared to their counterparts with three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Mulat Alubel Abtew, Francois Boussu, Pascal Bruniaux, Carmen Loghin, Irina Cristian, Yan Chen, Lichuan Wang
Summary: The study explored the effects of weaving process and warp yarn ratios on the multi-filament yarn degradation and mechanical performances of 3D warp interlock fabric. The results indicated that both weaving process and warp yarn ratios significantly impacted the tensile properties of the yarn, highlighting the importance of these factors in determining the overall mechanical performance of the final products.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Kun Luan, Elizabeth Kirkwood, Zoe Newman, Andre West, Emiel DenHartog
Summary: This paper investigates the bending property and measurement method of flexural rigidity of filament yarn. By developing a three-point bending instrument and introducing Coplan's construction, a pure flexural rigidity result is obtained. The research provides new physical insights into eliminating sub-deformation variabilities and paves the way for accurately and quickly measuring the flexural rigidity of high length-to-width ratio soft materials using a three-point bending method.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Wei Huang, Yousong Xue, Lingming Xue, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun, Wei Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the electrical responses and electrical-mechanical behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites with different braiding angles under three-point bending load. The correlation between electrical resistance and damage of the composites is also examined. A proposed electrical-mechanical model based on the Weibull distribution function is found to validate the experimental results, providing a theoretical basis for structural health monitoring of three-dimensional braided composites using the electrical resistance change method.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Wenjing Cao, Yuanyuan Wu, Bohong Gu
Summary: Impact damage distribution is crucial for designing composite structures with high-impact damage tolerances. In this study, the initiation, evolution, and distribution of impact damage in woven composites were investigated. The woven structure was found to greatly influence the damage propagation and the distribution of strain and stress. The high strength and straight arrangement of the weft yarn contributed to its high deformation resistance, large stress value, and wide stress distribution. On the other hand, the crimp of the warp yarn limited the stress distribution, leading to stress and damage concentration.
APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Feng Xu, Jing Long, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of thermo-oxidative aging on the strain rate sensitivity and compression failure mechanism of three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composites (3DAWCs) using digital image correlation technique and finite element analysis. The results demonstrate that the strain rate sensitivity of 3DAWCs decreases after thermo-oxidative aging. The aging effect also influences the damage initiation and strain localization behavior.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jing Long, Feng Xu, Yuanyuan Wu, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: The mechanical behaviors of thermo-oxidative aged 3D braided composites are influenced by matrix degradation and crack evolution. The study investigates the degradation behaviors, crack propagations, and mechanical reduction mechanisms of three-dimensional five-directional (3D5d) braided composites under thermal oxygen coupling environment. The aging behaviors in a pure thermal environment were also analyzed for comparison. The results show that the presence of oxygen accelerates crack initiation and propagation, leading to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Shuwei Huang, Junjie Zhang, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: Thermal stress concentration, caused by the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion, plays a significant role in the fatigue and failure of composites. We demonstrated the practicality of fiber Bragg grating sensors and high-resolution digital image correlation technique for in-situ characterization of thermal strain field evolution in 3D angle-interlocked woven composites. Our study found that the CTE mismatch leads to stress localization at the interface and exhibits a periodic distribution within the 3DAWC. The thermal stress in the resin reaches a maximum of 22 MPa around Tg, close to half of its yield stress.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Dandan Fang, Jianhua Yan, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun
Summary: The impact and flexural properties of 3D five-directional braided carbon/glass hybrid epoxy composites were investigated. Different arrangements of carbon fiber and glass fiber in the axial yarn were examined, and it was found that the C/G(2) composite had higher impact energy absorption capacity, while the C/G(1) composite showed higher impact stress. The flexural properties of the C/C-a composite were the best, while the C/G(3) composite exhibited the poorest performance before impact. This study provides guidance for the structural design of composites in specific applications.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Juan Fang, Junjie Zhang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: The mode I fracture behavior of three-dimensional braided carbon fiber/epoxy composites was investigated using the double-cantilever beam method. The effects of different loading rates on fracture behavior were compared. It was found that the braiding yarns prevent crack initiation and propagation, while the braiding structure causes crack bifurcation. The results show that the three-dimensional braided structure is effective in increasing fracture toughness.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Xinyu Gao, Qihang Wang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu, Meiqi Hu
Summary: In this study, a new method for preparing the three-way integrated braided preform was reported. The compressive behaviors of the three-way braided composite tubes were tested to reveal the effects of the braided structure. It was found that reducing branch length or increasing braiding layers can improve the compressive strength and initial stiffness. The main damage mechanisms observed were yarn breakage, yarn debonding, and kink band. The uniform braided structure paves the way for the formation of a seamless braided structure with high compressive strength among the three branch tubes.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Limeng Xun, Shuwei Huang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study reports the initiation and development of torsional cracks in carbon-fiber 3D braided composite tubes. 3D digital image correlation and micro-CT techniques were used to observe the crack distribution and reveal the correlation with the braided structure. The study found that the torsional damage propagates along the helix of braided bundles and inhibits in the vertical direction within repeated braid units.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Kun Luan, Marian G. McCord, Andre J. West, Grayson Cave, Nicholas V. Travanty, Charles S. Apperson, R. Michael Roe
Summary: Researchers have developed a low-voltage mosquito-resistant cloth that can prevent blood feeding by mosquitoes, while being flexible and breathable. The design is based on mosquito morphometrics, a novel 3-D textile, and a DC resistor-capacitor. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using biomimetic technology to repel mosquitoes and prevent blood feeding using minimal energy consumption.
Article
Mechanics
Zhiyong Li, Yousong Xue, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigated the penetration behavior of hybrid carbon/Kevlar/UHMWPE fiber laminated composites and revealed their complex failure mechanisms. Finite element modeling was used to predict the impact-induced damages for the hybrid composites. The results showed that the energy absorption capability of the hybrid laminates can be improved by 16.4%.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Feng Xu, Jing Long, Shuwei Huang, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study developed a coupled thermo-chemical-mechanical multiphysics model to simulate the thermo-oxidative ageing process of 3D angle-interlock woven composites. The model considers the residual stress state of the composite after curing and successfully predicts the oxidized layer distribution and interface cracks in agreement with experimental results. This model contributes to evaluating the complex stress and interface damage during thermo-oxidative ageing.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jing Long, Feng Xu, Shuwei Huang, Tianwei Wu, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of ageing cracks and loading directions on the mechanical behaviors of thermo-oxidative aged 3D braided composites. X-ray micro-computed tomography and digital image correlation technique are used to analyze ageing crack propagations, compressive responses, in-situ strain evolutions, full-field damage distributions, and crack evolution mechanisms. The results reveal ageing weakening behaviors, anisotropy effects, and structure correlations. Ageing cracks affect surface strain and damage distributions but not internal shear modes during out-of-plane (OP) loading. The synergy between ageing cracks and in-plane (IP) loading is greater than that with OP loading. This work provides important guidance for the structural optimization and durability design of 3D braided composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhiyong Li, Yousong Xue, Baozhong Sun, Bohong Gu
Summary: Fiber hybrid is a promising strategy for improving the ballistic penetration behaviors of fiber-reinforced laminated composites. This study investigates the effect of hybridization ratios on the ballistic impact damage of carbon/Kevlar/UHMWPE hybrid laminates. The results provide important theoretical basis and experimental reference for designing and developing hard multiphase anti-impact composite structures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
A. P. Simonov, I. V. Sergeichev
Summary: The direct impact method provides a higher sample deformation rate and reliable results for materials with low yield strength and hardening rate. This study proposes an alternative procedure for calculating the strain rate in order to improve accuracy of the direct impact method for a wide range of metals and alloys. The proposed method has been validated through finite element analysis and direct impact tests, and it qualitatively changes the shape of the stress-strain curve by adding an unloading area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Qiang Wei, Zifeng Li
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic bifurcation of a column when it impacts a rigid plane vertically, which is different from the classical Eulerian static buckling. The findings show that either the dimensionless critical buckling time or the dimensionless critical buckling velocity can be used to determine whether buckling has occurred. Different dimensionless initial defects in the column result in different dimensionless displacement responses, and the nonlinear effect influences the analysis results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. C. Price, M. J. Cole, K. H. Harriss, L. S. Alesbrook, M. J. Burchell, P. J. Wozniakiewicz
Summary: This article introduces a new gas gun developed at the Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Kent, which can produce vertical impacts at speeds up to 2 km/s. The gun design, assembly, operation, and ancillary components are described in detail. The experimental results demonstrate that the gun performs as expected.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Fanny Gant, Gabriel Seisson, Patrice Longere, Skander El Mai, Jean-Luc Zinszner
Summary: The article investigates the high strain rate response of metals and alloys under radial expansion and compares different materials. The results show that different materials exhibit different responses in terms of deformation and fracture.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. D. Fitzgerald, J. D. Pecover, N. Petrinic, D. E. Eakins
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism for the destruction of thick flyers accelerated using electric guns and proposes strategies for mitigating their break-up based on experimental results and mathematical models. The findings suggest that limiting the maximum pressure within the flyer and extending the current rise time can prevent flyer failure, increasing the efficiency and shock duration of the electric gun.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Guowen Gao, Enling Tang, Guolai Yang, Yafei Han, Mengzhou Chang, Kai Guo, Liping He
Summary: In this study, the dynamic constitutive model of Al/Ep/W material was investigated and verified through experiments and numerical simulations. The proposed model accurately described the mechanical behavior of the material under high strain rates, providing an important reference for evaluating the response characteristics of the new energetic material projectile to lightweight aluminum armor.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Minzu Liang, Meng Zhou, Xiangyu Li, Yuliang Lin, Fangyun Lu
Summary: UHMWPE fiber mesh reinforced polyurea composites improve structural strength and blast resistance performance, and can alter the failure mode. Loose filler is generated as polyurea melts and fragments penetrate. Joint loads are classified into three categories based on their connection and duration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ashutosh Jha, Guglielmo Cimolai, Iman Dayyani
Summary: The present article introduces the Zero Poisson's Ratio Fish Cells metamaterial and investigates the effects of Poisson's ratio on the crashworthiness of different lattice structures. Numerical results demonstrate that the Zero Poisson's Ratio model possesses greater stability and structural integrity with minimal edge deformations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hongbo Zhang, Dayong Hu, Xubin Ye, Xin Chen, Yuhuai He
Summary: This study investigated the impact of spherical foreign objects on simulated blade edges through experimental and theoretical analysis. The experimental results showed that increasing impact energy resulted in larger damage sizes, and three distinct types of deformations were observed in FOD. Accurate FOD prediction models were developed using linear and power formulas. The theoretical analysis using a spring-mass system based on Winkler's elastic-plastic foundation theory yielded results in good agreement with experimental measurements, providing a reference for fatigue life assessment of aeroengine blades.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
L. M. Reitter, Y. A. Malik, A. B. Jahn, I. V. Roisman, J. Hussong
Summary: This study characterizes the dynamic strength of wet granular ice layers through impact tests. The results reveal strong connections between ice particles in ice layers generated by ice crystal accretion. Comparable strength values can be obtained by reinforcing ice particle connections in ice layers prepared in the laboratory.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kyle Mao, Genevieve Toussaint, Alexandra Komrakova, James D. Hogan
Summary: In this study, the Generalized Incremental Stress State dependent damage MOdel (GISSMO) is used to simulate the high-velocity impact failure of Armox 500T steel. The GISSMO is calibrated and validated using experimental data from the literature, and is then applied to investigate the impact failure behaviors of bi-layered steel systems. The results provide new capabilities and insights for the design of armor structures and evaluation of impact failure behaviors in Armox 500T/RHA bi-layered systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Asim Onder
Summary: This paper investigates the performance of bumper plates with wavy surfaces under hypervelocity impact and finds that they are more effective in decreasing the impact energy compared to flat plates. The study also reveals the distinctive debris cloud generation that has never been reported before.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhi-Yong Yin, Xiao-wei Chen
Summary: This study numerically reveals three typical fracture modes of explosively-driven metal shells and investigates the influencing factors of different fracture modes through experimental data and dimensional analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jiri Pachman, David J. Chapman, Marek Foglar, Martin Kunzel, William G. Proud
Summary: Through the study of different types of concrete, it was found that despite their compositional complexity, range of compressive strengths, and reinforcement methods, the average Hugoniot data were remarkably similar between different concrete types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Konstantin Kappe, Klaus Hoschke, Werner Riedel, Stefan Hiermaier
Summary: This paper presents a multi-objective optimization procedure for effectively designing gradient lattice structures under dynamic loading. The aim is to maximize energy absorption characteristics and achieve a lightweight design. Through considering design variables such as the relative density and density gradient, the peak crushing force reduction and maximized specific energy absorption are simultaneously optimized. A simplified beam-based finite element model is used to efficiently model and simulate the lattice structures. An artificial neural network is trained to predict energy absorbing characteristics and find optimal lattice structure configurations. The network is trained using a multi response adaptive sampling algorithm, allowing parallel simulation with automatically generated finite element models. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is then used to find optimal combinations of design parameters for lattice structures under different impact velocities and cell topologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2024)