Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pelin Ergun, Sezgi Kipcak, Serhat Bor
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a condition resulting from chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, which may progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The histological dysplasia grade is commonly used as a biomarker, but its effectiveness is limited due to cost and lack of progression in many BE patients. Clinicians require multiple or more quantitative biomarkers for early diagnosis of EAC, which has high mortality. Epigenetic factors in the early stages of neoplastic transformation show promise as predictive biomarkers. This review summarizes current research on DNA methylations, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) during the progression from BE dysplasia to EAC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tarek Sawas, Saam Dilmaghani, Lovekirat Dhaliwal, Kenneth K. Wang, Prasad G. Iyer, David A. Katzka
Summary: The study found that compared to BE patients, EAC patients had significantly lower rates of heartburn, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, optimal strategies for screening for prevalent EAC may need to be adjusted.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Rita Pinto, Tobias Hauge, Marine Jeanmougin, Heidi D. Pharo, Stine H. Kresse, Hilde Honne, Sara B. Winge, May-Britt Five, Theresa Kumar, Tom Mala, Truls Hauge, Egil Johnson, Guro E. Lind
Summary: This study investigates the distribution of genetic and epigenetic modifications in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor lesion Barrett's esophagus (BE). The study confirms the frequent occurrence of TP53 mutations in EAC, while no mutations were found in BE. MSI and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation were rare events in both EAC and BE. APC, CDKN2A, MGMT, and TIMP3 promoter hypermethylation were frequently observed in both lesions.
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nan Yi, Hailiang Zhao, Juan He, Xike Xie, Liexin Liang, Guowen Zuo, Mingyue Xiong, Yunxiao Liang, Tingzhuang Yi
Summary: Almost 50% of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients are progressed from Barrett's esophagus (BE). However, effective stratification and therapy methods for BE and EAC are still lacking. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BE and EAC were identified through the analysis of two public datasets (GSE26886 and GSE37200), followed by bioinformatics analyses to explore potential biomarkers associated with BE-EAC. The results revealed a number of up- and down-regulated genes, which were highly involved in tumorigenesis according to the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. In addition, the study identified several potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in BE-EAC.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ksenia Maslenkina, Liudmila Mikhaleva, Maxim Naumenko, Rositsa Vandysheva, Michail Gushchin, Dmitri Atiakshin, Igor Buchwalow, Markus Tiemann
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant lesion that can develop into esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The development of BE is caused by biliary reflux and involves various stem cell origins. The concept of healing has been replaced by the cytokine storm and inflammatory microenvironment, leading to intestinal metaplasia. This review discusses the roles of molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC, including NOTCH, hedgehog, NF-?B, and IL6/STAT3.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Franz Ludwig Dumoulin, Fabian Dario Rodriguez-Monaco, Alanna Ebigbo, Ingo Steinbruck
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer in Western societies and its incidence is increasing. The development and validation of artificial intelligence systems in the field of gastroenterology may help address unresolved issues in the prevention and surveillance of this cancer.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Motasem Alkhayyat, Prabhat Kumar, Krishna O. Sanaka, Prashanthi N. Thota
Summary: The incidence of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma has been increasing, leading to a search for chemoprevention strategies. Proton-pump inhibitors and Aspirin have shown effectiveness in reducing cancer incidence in Barrett's patients. Other agents lack sufficient evidence for chemoprevention in these patients.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chunyang Bao, Richard W. Tourdot, Gregory J. Brunette, Chip Stewart, Lili Sun, Hideo Baba, Masayuki Watanabe, Agoston T. Agoston, Kunal Jajoo, Jon M. Davison, Katie S. Nason, Gad Getz, Kenneth K. Wang, Yu Imamura, Robert Odze, Adam J. Bass, Matthew D. Stachler, Cheng-Zhong Zhang
Summary: By analyzing chromosomal copy-number evolution in early cancers and precancerous lesions of the esophagus, the authors reveal signatures of ongoing chromosomal instability and its role in promoting tumor progression.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lei Chen, Farah Ballout, Heng Lu, Tianling Hu, Shoumin Zhu, Zheng Chen, Dunfa Peng
Summary: In this study, the gene expression of NEK family members in esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precancerous condition was analyzed. The findings suggest that upregulation of certain NEKs may be important in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Article
Oncology
Anshuman Panda, Gyan Bhanot, Shridar Ganesan, Manisha Bajpai
Summary: Stable cell lines derived from primary tissues and tumors are commonly used in medical research. This study evaluated gene expression profiles of esophageal tissues and cell lines, finding discrepancies in the gene expression profiles of Barrett's esophagus (BE) cell lines compared to primary BE tissues and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) tumors. Exposure to an acidic bile environment did not alter the squamous-like gene expression pattern of a BE cell line. The findings underscore the importance of carefully selecting appropriate in vitro tools for studying esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andrew T. Kunzmann, Helen G. Coleman, Brian T. Johnston, Richard C. Turkington, Damian McManus, Lesley A. Anderson, Aaron P. Thrift
Summary: The study found that individuals with persistent non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus over two consecutive endoscopic biopsies had a lower risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma, supporting the use of longer surveillance intervals. These results highlight the importance of adhering to robust quality standards for endoscopic procedures.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kazumi Inokuchi, Takahiro Ochiya, Juntaro Matsuzaki
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the major histologic type of esophageal cancer in Western countries with a poor prognosis primarily due to late stage diagnosis. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor lesion of EAC. Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as non-invasive markers for the management of EAC in the future, with potential utility for diagnosis and treatment responses. Multiple studies have reported dysregulation of certain miRNAs in both EAC and BE, suggesting their potential as valuable biomarkers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takuya Shijimaya, Tomomitsu Tahara, Jumpei Yamazaki, Yasushi Matsumoto, Naohiro Nakamura, Yu Takahashi, Takashi Tomiyama, Toshiro Fukui, Tomoyuki Shibata, Makoto Naganuma
Summary: The molecular mechanisms of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in Japanese patients are still unclear. A study conducted on Japanese patients, mostly with short-segment BE (SSBE), found that methylation levels of the N33, DPYS, and SLC16A12 genes were higher in the ADJ and T groups compared to the N group.
MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cathryn M. Kolka, Julie Webster, Ailin Lepletier, Clay Winterford, Ian Brown, Renee S. Richards, Wioleta M. Zelek, Yilang Cao, Ramlah Khamis, Karthik B. Shanmugasundaram, Alain Wuethrich, Matt Trau, Sandra Brosda, Andrew Barbour, Alok K. Shah, Guy D. Eslick, Nicholas J. Clemons, B. Paul Morgan, Michelle M. Hill
Summary: This study confirms the increased formation of C5b-9 in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and demonstrates the capability and heterogeneity in C5b-9 formation and shedding in Barrett's Esophagus (BE) and EAC cell lines following sublytic C9 exposure.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jitka Vaculova, Radek Kroupa, Zdenek Kala, Jiri Dolina, Tomas Grolich, Jakub Vlazny, David Said, Lydie Izakovicova Holla, Petra Borilova Linhartova, Vladimir Prochazka, Marek Joukal, Petr Jabandziev, Ondrej Slaby, Lumir Kunovsky
Summary: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a real-time microscopic imaging technique used mainly in gastroenterology, particularly in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although many studies have shown that CLE increases diagnostic accuracy in detecting neoplastic transformation of BE, it is still not widely used as a standard diagnostic tool in BE surveillance due to a lack of scientific evidence.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Schroeder, Laura Chegwidden, Carlo Maj, Jan Gehlen, Jan Speller, Anne C. Boehmer, Oleg Borisov, Timo Hess, Nicole Kreuser, Marino Venerito, Hakan Alakus, Andrea May, Christian Gerges, Thomas Schmidt, Rene Thieme, Dominik Heider, Axel M. Hillmer, Julian Reingruber, Orestis Lyros, Arne Dietrich, Albrecht Hoffmeister, Matthias Mehdorn, Florian Lordick, Gertraud Stocker, Michael Hohaus, Daniel Reim, Jennis Kandler, Michaela Mueller, Alanna Ebigbo, Claudia Fuchs, Christiane J. Bruns, Arnulf H. Holscher, Hauke Lang, Peter P. Grimminger, Dani Dakkak, Yogesh Vashist, Sandra May, Siegfried Gorg, Andre Franke, David Ellinghaus, Sara Galavotti, Lothar Veits, Josef Weismuller, Jens Dommermuth, Udo Benner, Thomas Roesch, Helmut Messmann, Brigitte Schumacher, Horst Neuhaus, Carsten Schmidt, Thaddaus T. Wissinowski, Markus M. Noethen, Jing Dong, Jue-Sheng Ong, Matthew F. Buas, Aaron P. Thrift, Thomas L. Vaughan, Ian Tomlinson, David C. Whiteman, Rebecca Claire Fitzgerald, Janusz Jankowski, Michael Vieth, Andreas Mayr, Puya Gharahkhani, Stuart MacGregor, Ines Gockel, Claire Palles, Johannes Schumacher
Summary: This study utilized GWAS, genetic correlation analysis, and polygenic risk modeling to investigate the genetic causes of BE/EA. The findings identified new risk loci and candidate genes associated with BE/EA development. The study also revealed differences in the etiology of BE and EA and demonstrated improved risk prediction models when combining PRS with risk factors. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying BE/EA and improve our understanding of the disease.
Article
Ophthalmology
Sabbir T. Rahman, Mary Waterhouse, Briony Duarte Romero, Catherine Baxter, Dallas English, David A. Mackey, Peter R. Ebeling, Bruce K. Armstrong, Donald S. A. McLeod, Gunter Hartel, Rachel L. O'Connell, Jolieke C. van der Pols, Alison J. Venn, Penelope M. Webb, David C. Whiteman, Rachel E. Neale
Summary: Supplementing high-dose vitamin D may not significantly reduce the incidence of cataract surgery, regardless of age, sex, body mass index, serum vitamin D concentration, or ambient ultraviolet radiation.
Review
Surgery
Josipa Petric, Samuel Handshin, Tim Bright, David I. Watson
Summary: This study compared short-term mortality and long-term survival rates between salvage oesophagectomy and planned oesophagectomy through a meta-analysis. It found that salvage oesophagectomy carries a higher risk of postoperative complications and mortality, but can offer a meaningful chance of long-term survival for select patients with oesophageal cancer.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hai Pham, Mary Waterhouse, Sabbir Rahman, Catherine Baxter, Briony Duarte Romero, Donald S. A. McLeod, Bruce K. Armstrong, Peter R. Ebeling, Dallas R. English, Gunter Hartel, Michael G. Kimlin, Rachel L. O'Connell, Jolieke C. van der Pols, Alison J. Venn, Penelope M. Webb, David C. Whiteman, Osvaldo P. Almeida, Rachel E. Neale
Summary: A randomized controlled trial found that monthly bolus doses of vitamin D supplementation for 5 years did not improve cognitive function in older adults.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Catherine M. Olsen, Nirmala Pandeya, Jean Claude Dusingize, Rachel E. Neale, Stuart MacGregor, Matthew H. Law, David C. Whiteman
Summary: This cohort study compares the clinical characteristics of first and second melanomas and finds that individuals with second primary melanomas are more likely to have more nevi and higher genetic predisposition for melanoma compared to those with only one melanoma.
Letter
Dermatology
Catherine M. Olsen, Nirmala Pandeya, David C. Whiteman
Summary: This study aimed to describe the incidence trends of invasive melanoma by histological subtype and thickness in two populations with different approaches to early detection (the US White population and Queensland, Australia). The incidence of thick melanoma (> 4.00 mm) increased at a faster rate than thinner melanomas in both populations over the period 1999-2018, primarily driven by nodular melanomas. Thin melanomas (< 1.00 mm) were predominantly of superficial spreading subtype, while thick melanomas (> 4.00 mm) were dominated by nodular melanomas.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Dermatology
Catherine M. Olsen, Louisa G. Gordon, Stacy M. Carter, David C. Whiteman
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Inoka De Silva, Melissa Wee, Carlos S. Cabalag, Rebecca Fong, Kevin Tran, Michael Wu, Ann Schloithe, Tim Bright, Cuong Phu Duong, David Watson
Summary: Esophageal Cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and esophagectomy using minimally invasive abdominal approaches doubles the risk of developing a para-conduit diaphragmatic hernia. This emerging complication requires effective operative solutions.
DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Marjorie M. A. de Souza, Gunter Hartel, Catherine M. Olsen, David C. Whiteman, Annika Antonsson
Summary: This Australian-based study assessed the prevalence of oral HPV infection in Australian residents and found that the prevalence was 7.2%. The study also found a strong association between oral HPV infection and sexual behaviors, and suggested that HPV vaccination may result in a lower risk of infection with nonavalent HPV types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
George C. Mayne, Richard J. Woodman, David I. Watson, Tim Bright, Susan Gan, Reginald V. Lord, Michael J. Bourke, Angelique Levert-Mignon, Isabell Bastian, Tanya Irvine, Ann Schloithe, Marian Martin, Lorraine Sheehan-Hennessy, Damian J. Hussey
Summary: We developed an efficient method for estimating confidence intervals for biomarker models' prediction errors. Combining this method with StaVarSel significantly improved the predictive capacity of serum miRNA biomarkers for detecting disease states at risk of progressing to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Dermatology
Peter A. Johansson, Jane M. Palmer, Hayley R. Hamilton, David C. Whiteman, Antonia L. Pritchard, Nicholas K. Hayward
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Nirmala Pandeya, Jean Claude Dusingize, Catherine M. Olsen, Stuart Macgregor, Rachel E. Neale, Matthew H. Law, David C. Whiteman
Summary: Genetic risk is weakly associated with melanoma incidence and screening behavior, but it does not explain the higher rate of melanoma detection between screened and unscreened individuals.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Catherine M. Olsen, Nirmala Pandeya, Bruna S. Ragaini, Rachel E. Neale, David C. Whiteman
Summary: We compared the incidence trends of cutaneous SCC (cSCC) and melanoma in populations residing at mid-to-high latitudes and found that the ratio of cSCC-to-melanoma incidence increased with proximity to the equator and over time, especially in women.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
David Watson
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Nirmala Pandeya, Nancy Huang, Zainab Jiyad, Elsemieke Plasmeijer, Mandy Way, Nicole Isbel, Scott Campbell, Daniel C. Chambers, Peter Hopkins, H. Peter Soyer, David C. Whiteman, Catherine M. Olsen, Adele C. Green
Summary: Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have a higher risk of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) compared to the general population. There are some differences in the clinicopathologic features of BCCs between OTRs and the general population. Although aggressive subtypes of BCCs are less common in OTRs, BCCs that invade beyond the dermis are almost twice as prevalent in OTRs compared to the general population.
ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
