Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Reidar Fossmark, Maya Olaisen, Tom Christian Martinsen, Hans Olav Melberg
Summary: High-dose oral treatment with 5-ASA is associated with longer persistence of oral monotherapy, while factors indicating more severe disease at the initiation of treatment, such as oral glucocorticoid use or hospitalization, are associated with shorter persistence. These factors play important roles in predicting the persistence of oral 5-ASA treatment.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joyce W. Y. Mak, Nobel T. K. Yuen, Terry C. F. Yip, Ray H. M. Lam, Brian K. H. Lam, Cherry T. Y. Cheng, Grace L. H. Wong, Francis K. L. Chan, Siew C. Ng
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether it is safe to withdraw 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who have been in corticosteroid-free remission for >= 1 year. The results showed that stopping 5-ASA was not associated with an increased risk of UC flare, but higher CRP levels at the time of stopping 5-ASA were associated with an increased risk of flare.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Nishani Jayasooriya, Richard C. Pollok, Jonathan Blackwell, Alex Bottle, Irene Petersen, Hanna Creese, Sonia Saxena
Summary: Rates of discontinuation and adherence to oral 5-ASA in adolescents and young adults with ulcerative colitis were determined in a cohort study. The study found that a significant proportion discontinued within the first year and adherence was lower among young adults compared to adolescents. Risk factors for discontinuation included older age and living in deprived areas, while early corticosteroid use lowered the likelihood of discontinuation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ling Huang, Junping Zheng, Guangjun Sun, Huabing Yang, Xiongjie Sun, Xiaowei Yao, Aizhen Lin, Hongtao Liu
Summary: It has been found that 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) can improve colitis symptoms by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. In a mouse model, treatment with 5-ASA alleviated colitis symptoms, increased body weight and colon length, and reduced disease activity index and spleen index. Moreover, 5-ASA protected colonic tissues by suppressing inflammation and decreasing levels of tight junction, mucin, and water-sodium transport proteins, and it reshaped the gut microbiota community structure by promoting beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria. Additionally, 5-ASA improved abnormal bile acid metabolism through specific signaling pathways. However, the protective effect of 5-ASA was only observed in mice with normal gut microbiota, emphasizing the importance of gut microbiota in colitis treatment.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yohei Mikami, Junya Tsunoda, Shohei Suzuki, Ichiro Mizushima, Hiroki Kiyohara, Takanori Kanai
Summary: This article provides an overview of the use of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfasalazine (SASP) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and discusses the latest insights into 5-ASA intolerance. Acute symptoms of 5-ASA intolerance syndrome include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Periodic monitoring of renal function is recommended for patients receiving 5-ASA therapy.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ohad Atia, Ramit Magen Rimon, Natan Ledderman, Shira Greenfeld, Revital Kariv, Yiska Loewenberg Weisband, Ron Shaoul, Eran Matz, Shmuel Odes, Idan Goren, Henit Yanai, Iris Dotan, Dan Turner
Summary: A nationwide study in Israel showed that 18% of patients with UC do not receive maintenance treatment, and half of them remain untreated after 3 years. The outcomes of untreated patients were similar to those of treated patients. Further research is needed to explore the role of NMT in UC.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nan Wang, Liangyu Shao, Wenjie Lu, Wenyou Fang, Qing Zhang, Lingfeng Sun, Song Gao, Qianyun Zhu, Shengqi Chen, Rongfeng Hu
Summary: In this study, pH-sensitive core-shell nanoparticles (ES1CS(5)SA(5)@5-ASANCs) were prepared for colon targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis (UC). The nanoparticles exhibited a distinct core-shell structure and were coated with multiple layers of polymers, enhancing drug stability and achieving selective accumulation in the colon.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hanyang Lin, Zhaohui Bai, Qiong Wu, Guiyang Chu, Yongguo Zhang, Xiaozhong Guo, Xingshun Qi
Summary: The study found that SII, CLR, and CAR may be useful for assessing the severity and progression of UC, but they are not optimal.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jan Brezina, Lukas Bajer, Pavel Wohl, Dana Duricova, Pavel Hrabak, Ales Novotny, Jana Kozeluhova, Milan Lukas, Jakub Mrazek, Katerina Olsa Fliegerova, Simona Kvasnova, Mekadim Chahrazed, Jan Mares, Julius Spicak, Pavel Drastich
Summary: The study found that FMT is an effective treatment for left-sided UC, with increased recipient microbiome diversity. FMT was noninferior to 5-ASA in achieving the primary study endpoint, with no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tamas Agh, Maja Ortner Hadziabdic, Kristina Garuoliene, Anne Gerd Granas, Emma Aarnio, Enrica Menditto, Joao Gregorio, Pilar Barnestein-Fonseca, Vildan Mevsim, Przemyslaw Kardas
Summary: This study aimed to provide an in-depth overview of reimbursed medication adherence enhancing interventions (MAEIs) in European countries and pave the way for future implementation. The survey found that only a small number of European countries currently reimburse MAEIs. Countries with reimbursed interventions had significantly higher GDP per capita compared to those without reimbursement.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Emilie Bersuder, Chloe Terciolo, Mathilde Lechevrel, Elisabeth Martin, Celine Quesnelle, Jean-Noel Freund, Jean-Marie Reimund, Isabelle Gross
Summary: Mesalazine may promote intestinal mucosal healing and resistance against colorectal cancer by increasing the expression levels of genes like MUCDHL, with its efficacy potentially dependent on the cellular and molecular context.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Przemyslaw Kardas, Martina Bago, Pilar Barnestein-Fonseca, Kristina Garuolien, Anne Gerd Granas, Joao Gregorio, Maja Ortner Hadziabdi, Barbora Kostalova, Francisca Leiva-Fernandez, Pawel Lewek, Katerina Mala-Ladova, Marie Paule Schneider, Job F. M. van Boven, Daisy Volmer, Ioli Ziampara, Tamas Agh
Summary: This paper reviews reimbursed medication adherence-enhancing interventions (MAEIs) in selected European countries and finds a scarcity of these interventions, emphasizing the need for their more frequent use and reimbursement.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
F. Varum, H. Thorne, R. Bravo, D. Gilgen, C. Hartig, G. P. Nicolas, D. Wild, E. Liakoni, M. Haschke
Summary: This study demonstrates that a dual pH and enzymatic triggered release system in combination with an inner alkaline layer can promote mesalazine release at the target site with high accuracy. The three differently coated tablets showed comparable release characteristics in biorelevant dissolution media.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Brigida Barberio, Ilaria Marsilio, Andrea Buda, Luisa Bertin, Gianluca Semprucci, Annalisa Zanini, Martina Crepaldi, Fabiana Zingone, Edoardo Savarino
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of low bioavailability steroids in treating patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. The results showed that low bioavailability steroids were more effective than placebo in achieving remission and had similar efficacy to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASAs). More randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fen Xu, Juping Tang, Zhiping Zhu, Yan Chen, Wen Hu, Sha Lu, Yunxian Zhou, Ding Lin
Summary: This study investigated the medication adherence among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in China and analyzed the influencing factors. The results showed poor medication adherence, especially among patients taking oral medication, those taking medications with a high frequency, and those with a low understanding of the disease. To improve medication adherence, medical staff should pay attention to individual patient factors, simplify medication regimens, and formulate effective coping strategies for drug management support.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohammed Ahmed Rashid, Affifa Farrukh, John Francis Mayberry
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Mark James Wootton, John D. Andrews, Adam L. Lloyd, Roger Smith, A. John Arul, Gopika Vinod, M. Hari Prasad, Vipul Garg
Summary: A nuclear reactor's safe operation relies on maintaining coolant circulation and core reactivity. Traditional methods like Fault Trees and Event Trees have limitations in modeling aging processes and complex maintenance strategies, making Petri Nets a more suitable alternative.
ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
I Brown, R. Smith, S. D. Kenny
Summary: A reactive field force potential has been created to study the structural effects of low percentage dopant aluminium in a zinc oxide system. The model reveals that substitution becomes more stable as the energy increases.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Hatton, Michael J. Watts, Ali Abbas, John M. Walls, Roger Smith, Pooja Goddard
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liangzhi Tan, Kawsar Ali, Partha Sarathi Ghosh, Ashok Arya, Ying Zhou, Roger Smith, Pooja Goddard, Dhinisa Patel, Hamed Shahmir, Amy Gandy
Summary: This study combines DFT calculations and experimental techniques to investigate the formation of equiatomic quaternary low-activation high entropy alloys (HEAs) for nuclear fission/fusion applications. The study screens the formation of possible alloys using DFT techniques and confirms the formation of alloys through experiments. Different alloys have different crystal structures.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Operations Research & Management Science
Mark James Wootton, Ying Zhou, John D. Andrews, Roger Smith, John Arul, Gopika Vinod, Hari Prasad Muruva, Vipul Garg
Summary: This paper presents an optimization methodology using the primary coolant circulation system of a nuclear reactor as a case study. The goal is to find combinations of selected design and maintenance parameters that maximize reactor safety and minimize monetary expenditure. The parameter space is sampled using a Monte Carlo method and Petri net modeling is used to predict the performance of each option. The optimal solutions are then extracted through computation of the Pareto front, with further analysis conducted on parameter sets of interest.
APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Affifa Farrukh, John Francis Mayberry
Summary: There is evidence that patients with inflammatory bowel disease from minority communities in the UK receive less than optimal care. This study found that the types of surgical procedures offered to patients with severe ulcerative colitis were similar for the White British and South Asian communities. However, some units had low volume procedures, highlighting the need for surgery to be performed in high-volume centers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Florian Bocchese, Iain Brown, David Cornil, Pavel Moskovkin, Jerome Muller, Steven David Kenny, Roger Smith, Stephane Lucas
Summary: This study investigates the growth process and properties of Ag films on ZnO using magnetron sputtering through thin film growth simulations. A new method to account for defects generated by magnetron sputtering has been developed. The simulated conductivity matches experimental results with the difference attributed to electron scattering at grain boundaries. The study also shows that a patterned substrate does not increase conductivity but leads to controlled growth of small islands suitable for other applications.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Peter Hatton, Michael Watts, Ying Zhou, Roger Smith, Pooja Goddard
Summary: The doping of CdTe with As is a promising method for increasing cell efficiency. Calculations using Density Functional Theory show that isolated As atoms can diffuse easily in bulk CdTe, indicating unhindered transport. However, substitutional arsenic in bulk CdTe has little effect on the band gap. In contrast, arsenic in grain boundaries introduces defect states into the band gap, suggesting a doping strategy involving chlorine saturation before introducing arsenic atoms.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Affifa Farrukh, John Francis Mayberry
Summary: Acupuncture and moxibustion are used as complementary therapies for inflammatory bowel disease, but their effectiveness is supported by limited research evidence. Gastroenterologists and specialist nurses rarely use these therapies due to a lack of knowledge. However, current evidence suggests that they can be beneficial as additional supportive treatments and should be assessed in larger trials. It is important to share this information with patients so they can make informed decisions.
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Affifa Farrukh, John Francis Mayberry
Summary: According to a Freedom of Information request, there are an estimated 500,000 Turkish people in the UK, with about 300,000 of them being of Cypriot origin. The study found no difference in the proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease between Turkish communities and White British patients. However, the proportion of Turkish patients with Crohn's disease was significantly higher than that of English patients.
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Mohammed Ahmed Rashid, Victoria Smith, John Francis Mayberry
Summary: Since 2006, Chinese universities have been approved to provide undergraduate medical training in English for fee-paying international students. This study examines the percentage of doctors qualified from these English language medical schools in China who are currently practicing medicine in the UK. The results show that a small but significant number of these doctors are practicing medicine in the UK, with a higher proportion being younger and potentially able to alleviate workforce shortages in certain medical specialties.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Elanor Murray, Ying Zhou, Peter Slater, Roger Smith, Pooja Goddard, Helen Steele
Summary: This study investigates the diffusion and clustering of helium in plutonium dioxide using molecular dynamics and barrier searching methods. The results show that helium diffusion in perfect PuO2 is limited at low temperatures but increases with the presence of oxygen vacancies. Oxygen vacancy assisted inter-site hopping is the key diffusion mechanism for helium. Helium clusters with a He : vacancy ratio below 1 : 1 form over nanosecond time scales. Schottky defects act as seed points for helium cluster growth.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ying Zhou, Prashanth Srinivasan, Fritz Kormann, Blazej Grabowski, Roger Smith, Pooja Goddard, Andrew Ian Duff
Summary: Multi-principal-component alloys, such as high entropy alloys (HEAs), have unique properties and a vast compositional space, making them attractive for alloy design. This study focuses on using computational materials design to investigate the high-temperature properties of HEAs, specifically the full free energy surface and thermodynamic properties. The developed approach, based on density-functional theory and machine learning, shows a significant speed-up and accurate predictions of high-temperature free energy. The study is performed on an equiatomic HEA composition, which may have potential applications in next generation fission and fusion reactors.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Affifa Farrukh, John F. Mayberry
Summary: Over the past decade, studies have shown disparities in the management of inflammatory bowel disease among different minority communities in the UK. This study collected data on hospital admissions of South Asian and White British patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and found significant differences in representation between the two communities in different regions. These findings highlight the ongoing issue of unequal care for patients from South Asian backgrounds.
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
(2022)
