Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Su Young Jung, Dokyoung Kim, Dong Choon Park, Sung Soo Kim, Tong In Oh, Dae Woong Kang, Sang Hoon Kim, Seung Geun Yeo
Summary: Otitis media is mainly caused by upper respiratory tract infection and eustachian tube dysfunction. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is closely related to the occurrence, recurrence, chronicization, and complications of otitis media, playing an important role in the early response to external antigens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Alexandra Tikhomirova, Erin B. Brazel, Kimberley T. McLean, Hannah N. Agnew, James C. Paton, Claudia Trappetti
Summary: The LuxS protein is required for the production of AI-2 in Streptococcus pneumoniae, which regulates cellular processes and adherence to host epithelial cells. In the context of S. pneumoniae causing otitis media, luxS plays an important role.
Article
Microbiology
Cristina Gavrilovici, Elena-Lia Spoiala, Ingrith-Crenguta Miron, Iuliana Magdalena Starcea, Codruta Olimpiada Iliescu Halitchi, Irina Nicoleta Zetu, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Carmen Panzaru
Summary: Acute otitis media (AOM) remains a major reason for antibiotic use in children, despite the availability of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. A study conducted in a pediatric emergency hospital in Romania found that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were the most common bacteria associated with AOM. Alarmingly, a high proportion of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were resistant to multiple drugs. This highlights the importance of addressing antimicrobial resistance to minimize the negative impact on healthcare costs.
Article
Immunology
Chinh C. Ngo, Helen M. Massa, Brent A. McMonagle, Christopher F. Perry, Michael D. Nissen, Theo P. Sloots, Ruth B. Thornton, Allan W. Cripps
Summary: This study identified Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and rhinovirus as the predominant bacteria and viruses in the upper respiratory tract of children in South-East Queensland, Australia, with and without a clinical history of otitis media. The presence of bacterial otopathogens within the middle ear was found to be more predictive of concurrent upper respiratory tract infection than viruses. The study also confirmed the complex polymicrobial environment within adenoid tissues in children, regardless of otitis media history.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Risa Takahashi, Fiona J. Radcliff, Thomas Proft, Catherine J-Y Tsai
Summary: The group A Streptococcus pilus plays a critical role in infection and is a promising target for vaccine development. Research has shown that both assembled pili and individual pilus proteins can induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines and activate Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ravinder Kaur, Minh Pham, Karl O. A. Yu, Michael E. Pichichero
Summary: The study found that antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children improved initially after the introduction of PCV13, but began to decrease from 2013 onwards due to the emergence of new serotypes not included in PCV13. These new strains exhibit reduced susceptibility to multiple commonly used antibiotics, compared to the pre-PCV13 era.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Martina Janouskova, Megan Laura Straw, Yu-Ching Su, Kristian Riesbeck
Summary: This review discusses the multifaceted gene regulation mechanisms employed by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis during middle ear infection. Through phase variation- and quorum sensing-dependent gene regulation, these pathogens control their virulence phenotypes for survival and host adaptation. Understanding the gene expression regulation mechanisms during the onset of OM may lead to the development of new antimicrobial agents to combat antimicrobial resistance.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yi-Hsin Lai, Bo-Yang Tsai, Chih-Yu Hsu, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Po-Han Chou, Yueh-Lin Chen, Hsiao-Chieh Liu, Wen-Chien Ko, Pei-Jane Tsai, Yuan-Pin Hung
Summary: The TLR2 rs3804099 polymorphism is marginally associated with the development of CDI, and the pathogenic role of TLR2 is further supported by a mouse model, showing that Tlr2-/- and Tlr4-/- mice have more severe CDI disease compared to wild-type mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Long Liu, Yu-Shan Wei, Dun Wang
Summary: This study identified and characterized eleven TLRs and five downstream TLR pathway components in Lymantria dispar, and found that upon Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection, several TLRs and all identified downstream genes of the TLR pathway were significantly up-regulated, suggesting activation of the TLR pathway and its involvement in the insect's immune response.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gabriel Carrasquilla, Alexandra Porras-Ramirez, Sandra Martinez, Rodrigo DeAntonio, Raghavendra Devadiga, Carla Talarico, Diana C. Caceres, Maria M. Castrejon, Patricia Juliao
Summary: After the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Colombia, overall reductions in disease outcomes were observed in most cities and nationwide. However, in some cities, there was an increase in the incidence of otitis media despite the decrease in pneumonia incidence.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Myung-Won You, Dokyoung Kim, Eun-Hye Lee, Dong-Choon Park, Jae-Min Lee, Dae-Woong Kang, Sang-Hoon Kim, Seung-Geun Yeo
Summary: This article reviews the impact of impaired expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) on the pathophysiology and clinical features of acute otitis media (AOM) in individuals with impaired innate immunity. The study found that the expression of NLRs is associated with the development, severity, chronicity, recurrence, and associated complications of otitis media, predominantly in the presence of bacterial infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ejuan Zhang, Zhiyong Ma, Mengji Lu
Summary: Toll-like receptors play critical roles in antiviral immunity, being highly expressed in innate immune cells as well as functioning in adaptive immune cells. These receptors have significant effects on the activation, proliferation, function, and survival of T cells and B cells during viral infection.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marek Majewski, Kamil Torres, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Izabela Korona-Glowniak, Jan Korulczyk, Witold Zgodzinski, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: Gastric cancer is a common type of cancer worldwide. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on immune cells play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. This study found that patients with gastric cancer had a higher percentage of immune cells expressing TLR2 compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant association between TLR2 expression and the stage of the disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
I-Ming Lee, Tzu-Yin Huang, Feng-Ling Yang, Victor Johansson, Chun-Ru Hsu, Pei-Fang Hsieh, Shin-Tai Chen, Yen-Ju Yang, Peter Konradsson, Jyh-Horng Sheu, Jin-Town Wang, Shih-Hsiung Wu
Summary: This study identified the structure of capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae KN2 and demonstrated its ability to modulate immune response and stimulate macrophages to release immune-related factors. The study also found that hexasaccharide can serve as a potential vaccine adjuvant.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alessandra Lochen, James E. Truscott, Nicholas J. Croucher
Summary: The study describes Bayesian models for analyzing opportunistic pathogens, estimating progression rates of different pathogen strains to understand the risk of causing disease and identify potential high-risk strains. This is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions and identifying new highly invasive variants.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Raj Kishore, Prasanna Krishnamurthy, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Cindy Benedict, Emily Nickoloff, Mohsin Khan, Jennifer Johnson, Anna M. Gumpert, Walter J. Koch, Suresh Kumar Verma
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zhongjian Cheng, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Emily Nickoloff, Chunlin Wang, David J. Polhemus, Jibin Zhou, Cynthia Benedict, Mohsin Khan, Suresh K. Verma, Joseph E. Rabinowitz, David Lefer, Raj Kishore
Article
Pathology
Yan Zhang, Heping Yu, Min Xu, Fengchan Han, Cong Tian, Suejin Kim, Elisha Fredman, Jin Zhang, Cindy Benedict-Alderfer, Qing Yin Zheng
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2012)
Article
Cell Biology
Laurent P. Bogdanik, James N. Sleigh, Cong Tian, Mark E. Samuels, Karen Bedard, Kevin L. Seburn, Robert W. Burgess
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2013)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
F. Han, H. Yu, C. Tian, H. E. Chen, C. Benedict-Alderfer, Y. Zheng, Q. Wang, X. Han, Q. Y. Zheng
PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL
(2012)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yue Yujia, Wang Chunlin, Cindy Benedict, Grace Huang, May Truongcao, Rajika Roy, Maria Cimini, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Cheng Zhongjian, Walter J. Koch, Raj Kishore
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Grace Huang, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Yan Zhou, Cynthia Benedict, Steven R. Houser, Walter J. Koch, Raj Kishore
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Cong Tian, Kenneth R. Johnson, Jaclynn M. Lett, Robert Voss, Alec N. Salt, Jared J. Hartsock, Peter S. Steyger, Kevin K. Ohlemiller
Summary: CACHD1 is an alpha 2 delta-like subunit that modulates the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels, crucial for auditory and vestibular function. Mutant mice with deleterious Cachd1 mutations exhibit hearing impairment and balance defects, linked to disruptions in calcium homeostasis and endolymph problems in the inner ear.
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maria Cimini, Venkata Garikipati, Andrea Elia, Chunlin Wang, May Truongcao, Anna Maria Lucchese, Grace Huang, Vandana Mallaredy, Carolina Gonzalez, Cindy Benedict, Raj Kishore
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ajit Magadum, Vandana Mallaredy, Grace Grace, Chunlin Wang, Rajika Roy, Darukeshwara Joladarashi, Charan Thej Gurrala, Zhongjian Cheng, Maria Cimini, May Truongcao, Anna Maria Lucchese, Carolina Gonzalez, Cindy Benedict, Raj Kishore
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zhongjian Cheng, May M. Truongcao, Chunlin Wang, Venkata Ns Garikipati, Yan Tang, Maria Cimini, Cindy Benedict, Grace Huang, Vandana Mallaredy, David Goukassian, Suresh K. Verma, Walter J. Koch, Raj Kishore
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Grace Huang, Alycia Hildebrand, Cindy Benedict, Maria Cimini, Chunlin Wang, Zhongjian Cheng, Venkata N. Garikipati, Vandana Mallaredy, Raj Kishore
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Cimini, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Claudio de Lucia, Zhongjian Cheng, Chunlin Wang, May M. Truongcao, Anna Maria Lucchese, Rajika Roy, Cindy Benedict, David A. Goukassian, Walter J. Koch, Raj Kishore
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Venkata N. Garikipati, Maria Cimini, Chunlin Wang, Rajika Roy, Zhongjian Cheng, May M. Truongcao, Cindy Benedict, Suresh K. Verma, Walter J. Koch, Raj Kishore, David A. Goukassian
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2018)