Article
Microbiology
Julie A. Lovchik, Douglas S. Reed, Julie A. Hutt, Fangfang Xia, Rick L. Stevens, Thero Modise, Eileen M. Barry, Terry H. Wu
Summary: The study revealed variations in virulence and genetic differences among different SCHU S4 strains, with NR-643 and FTS-635 showing lower virulence compared to other strains. Therefore, it is recommended that NR-643/FTS-635 be clearly designated as a separate SCHU S4 substrain and no longer used in studies evaluating potential vaccines and therapeutics.
Article
Microbiology
J. Wayne Conlan, Anders Sjostedt, H. Carl Gelhaus, Perry Fleming, Kevan McRae, Ronald R. Cobb, Roberto De Pascalis, Karen L. Elkins
Summary: This study explores the potential biological threat posed by Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis (Ftt) and the development of a novel live vaccine against Ftt. The research identified a mutant strain, SCHU S4 Delta clpB, that outperformed the current unlicensed live vaccine strain (LVS) in a mouse model. SCHU S4 Delta clpB has undergone manufacturing, safety, and efficacy testing, and the necessary steps for further development are detailed in the study.
Article
Immunology
Lydia M. Roberts, Tara D. Wehrly, Ian Leighton, Patrick Hanley, Jamie Lovaglio, Brian J. Smith, Catharine M. Bosio
Summary: Pulmonary infections trigger tissue-resident and circulating T cell responses, which are crucial for vaccine development. The relative contribution of tissue-resident and circulating T cells in Francisella tularensis infection is not fully understood, hindering the design of effective vaccines. This study elucidates the role of circulating T cells in host defense using a parabiotic mouse model.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ritu Gaur, Dipesh Kumar Verma, Syed Imteyaz Alam, Dev Vrat Kamboj
Summary: Tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis, is a widespread zoonotic disease without an approved vaccine. This study successfully identified ten MHC class I-restricted peptides from Francisella, with the top three peptides showing high binding affinity with MHC class I molecules through in silico docking studies, suggesting their potential as vaccine candidates for human studies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kevin D. Mlynek, Curtis R. Cline, Sergei S. Biryukov, Ronald G. Toothman, Beth A. Bachert, Christopher P. Klimko, Jennifer L. Shoe, Melissa Hunter, Zander M. Hedrick, Jennifer L. Dankmeyer, Sherry Mou, David P. Fetterer, Ju Qiu, Eric D. Lee, Christopher K. Cote, Qingmei Jia, Marcus A. Horwitz, Joel A. Bozue
Summary: The study found that the potential tularemia vaccine candidate rLVS Delta capB/iglABC can provide robust protection against different strains of Francisella tularensis. In animal experiments, rats vaccinated with rLVS showed high levels of protection against various F. tularensis strains.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lisa M. Matz, Joseph F. Petrosino
Summary: This passage discusses the global impact of tularemia, the differences between type A and type B Francisella tularensis, the development and limitations of the Live Vaccine Strain (LVS), and recent research on virulent type B strains. The role of ClcA in macrophage infection and the potential for understanding LVS attenuation to inform vaccine development are highlighted. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of virulent type B pathogenesis and potential cross-protection against type A infections.
Review
Immunology
Jiri Brezina, Matous Voboril, Dominik Filipp
Summary: The evolution of the adaptive immune system leads to the generation of self-reactive clones, which must be eliminated to prevent autoimmunity. This process occurs in the thymic medulla, where the interaction between T cell receptor and self-peptide MHC complexes determines the fate of thymocytes. Thymic antigen presenting cells, including medullary thymic epithelial cells and dendritic cells, play a fundamental role in presenting self-antigens in the thymus for the establishment of T cell central tolerance. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneity of these cell subsets and their roles in T cell selection processes, adding complexity to our understanding. Identification of molecular determinants controlling the presentation of self-antigens would advance our knowledge in this area.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Yejin Cao, Lin Dong, Ying He, Xuelian Hu, Yueru Hou, Yingjie Dong, Qiuli Yang, Yujing Bi, Guangwei Liu
Summary: Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are crucial for B-cell differentiation and immune responses in humoral immunity and immune-related inflammatory diseases. Tfh cell differentiation involves self-directed and APCs-driven mechanisms, with Bcl-6 as a key transcription factor. Metabolic signaling also plays a critical role in Tfh cell differentiation.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuxi Guo, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Hui-Ling Liao, Greory Sonnier, Jiangxiao Qiu
Summary: This study investigates the interactive effects of land-use intensification, cattle grazing, and prescribed fire on wetland plant litter decomposition. The research finds that land-use intensification and grazing have opposite effects on decomposition rates, while prescribed fire suppresses decomposition. Litter traits and soil properties are the strongest factors influencing decomposition processes. The study suggests that cattle grazing can buffer against the stimulating effect of land-use intensification on decomposition rates. Additionally, land-use intensification and fire suppression may lead to organic matter depletion and nutrient loss in wetlands, emphasizing the need to reduce anthropogenic disturbances.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Puanani Hopson, Yamen Smadi, Vijay Mehta, Samit Patel, Devendra Mehta, Karoly Horvath
Summary: The exocrine pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion, and there are indirect and direct methods for evaluating pancreatic function. Indirect methods include tests on stool, serum, urine, and breath, with fecal elastase being commonly used. Direct methods involve collecting pancreatic fluid from the duodenum for enzyme activity analysis, with endoscopic pancreatic function test being the most widely used. Direct testing has higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Ghada A. Gamea, Dalia A. Elmehy, Amina M. Salama, Nema A. Soliman, Omayma K. Afifi, Heba H. Elkaliny, Rehab E. Abo El Gheit, Ahmad A. El-Ebiary, Dina M. Tahoon, Reem A. Elkholy, Sarah M. Shoeib, Mohamed A. Eleryan, Salwa S. Younis
Summary: The study evaluated the antiparasitic effect of chloroquine (CQ), spiramycin (SP), and their combination against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and found that the combination of CQ and SP was more efficient than using SP alone. The combination treatment induced apical disruption of tachyzoites and triggered host cell apoptosis by increasing relative caspase 3 gene expression and suppressing Bcl-2 and XIAP. Additionally, the combination treatment upregulated IFN-gamma level, reduced serum AST and ALT, and ameliorated liver inflammation.
Review
Immunology
Diana Corogeanu, Sandra S. Diebold
Summary: Dendritic cells are crucial for T cell activation and play a significant role in anti-tumour immune responses. Effective activation of dendritic cell function is important for successful cancer immunotherapy.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Torben Martinussen, Mats Julius Stensrud
Summary: In research on time-to-event outcomes, the causal interpretation of classical statistical estimands needs to be cautious due to the presence of competing events. To disentangle treatment effects on the event of interest and competing events, separable direct and indirect effects have been introduced. This article provides new results on the estimation of direct and indirect separable effects in continuous time, and presents the asymptotic properties of two proposed estimators along with simulation study results.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prerna Goel, Tanya Panchal, Nandini Kaushik, Ritika Chauhan, Sandeep Saini, Vartika Ahuja, Chander Jyoti Thakur
Summary: In this study, bioinformatics tools were used to annotate and characterize 577 hypothetical proteins of Francisella tularensis, resulting in the identification of 119 virulent proteins. These predicted virulent proteins may play important roles in the modulation of host cytoskeleton and innate immunity, antibiotic tolerance, and bacterial metabolism.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jinlong Wang, Dexiong Teng, Xuemin He, Zhoukang Li, Yudong Chen, Wen Ma, Wenjing Li, Shiyun Wang, Feiyi Liu, Guanghui Lv
Summary: This study investigated the impact of plant diversity on soil respiration in northwest China. The results showed that reduced plant diversity had a negative impact on soil respiration. However, the relationship between plant diversity and soil respiration changed when considering the effects of soil factors and spatial non-stationarity. Functional and phylogenetic diversity were found to be key drivers of soil respiration. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between plant diversity and soil respiration and provide a methodological framework for studying spatial variability in this relationship.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Jean Celli
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Microbiology
Aria Eshraghi, Jungyun Kim, Alexandra C. Walls, Hannah E. Ledvina, Cheryl N. Miller, Kathryn M. Ramsey, John C. Whitney, Matthew C. Radey, S. Brook Peterson, Brittany R. Ruhland, Bao Q. Tran, Young Ah Goo, David R. Goodlett, Simon L. Dove, Jean Celli, David Veesler, Joseph D. Mougous
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2016)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheryl Miller, Jean Celli
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Microbiology
Erin P. Smith, Cheryl N. Miller, Robert Child, Jennifer A. Cundiff, Jean Celli
Article
Microbiology
Leigh A. Knodler, Shauna M. Crowley, Ho Pan Sham, Hyungjun Yang, Marie Wrande, Caixia Ma, Robert K. Ernst, Olivia Steele-Mortimer, Jean Celli, Bruce A. Vallance
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2014)
Article
Cell Biology
Elizabeth Di Russo Case, Audrey Chong, Tara D. Wehrly, Bryan Hansen, Robert Child, Seungmin Hwang, Herbert W. Virgin, Jean Celli
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Immunology
Gregory T. Robertson, Robert Child, Christine Ingle, Jean Celli, Michael V. Norgard
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2013)
Article
Immunology
Gregory T. Robertson, Elizabeth Di Russo Case, Nicole Dobbs, Christine Ingle, Murat Balaban, Jean Celli, Michael V. Norgard
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2014)
Review
Microbiology
Jean Celli, Renee M. Tsolis
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dedeke Rockx-Brouwer, Audrey Chong, Tara D. Wehrly, Robert Child, Deborah D. Crane, Jean Celli, Catharine M. Bosio
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Audrey Chong, Robert Child, Tara D. Wehrly, Dedeke Rockx-Brouwer, Aiping Qin, Barbara J. Mann, Jean Celli
Article
Microbiology
Maarten F. de Jong, Tregei Starr, Maria G. Winter, Andreas B. den Hartigh, Robert Child, Leigh A. Knodler, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Jean Celli, Renee M. Tsolis
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jean Celli, Thomas C. Zahrt
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE
(2013)
Article
Microbiology
Sebenzile Myeni, Robert Child, Tony W. Ng, John J. Kupko, Tara D. Wehrly, Stephen F. Porcella, Leigh A. Knodler, Jean Celli
Article
Microbiology
Cheryl N. Miller, Erin P. Smith, Jennifer A. Cundiff, Leigh A. Knodler, Jessica Bailey Blackburn, Vladimir Lupashin, Jean Celli
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2017)