Article
Energy & Fuels
Mamdouh S. Elmelawy, Asmaa El-Meligy, Hussien A. Mawgoud, Asmaa S. Morshedy, Samia A. Hanafy, Ibrahim El-tantawy El-sayed
Summary: In this study, trimethylolpropane triesters were successfully synthesized through a two-step transesterification process using oleic acid as a precursor. The produced triesters can serve as biodegradable lubricant base oil substitutes for mineral oils, leading to a significant reduction in environmental pollution. The effects of various operating parameters on the reaction were investigated, and the optimal conditions were determined. The synthesized triesters exhibited a suitable composition for their desired application.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nur Sulihatimarsyila Abd Wafti, Robiah Yunus, Harrison Lik Nang Lau, Thomas Shean Yaw Choong, Suraini Abd-Aziz
Summary: The application of enzymes in the organic synthesis of polyol esters for biolubricants is explored in this study. TMP ester was synthesized from HO-PME through enzymatic transesterification. This research demonstrates that only 3% enzyme dosage is needed to achieve the highest triester yield of 82% without purification. The enzymatically synthesized TMP ester exhibits excellent lubricant properties.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Murad Bahadi, Jumat Salimon, Darfizzi Derawi
Summary: This study developed a bio-based lubricant product CPKO-di-TMPTE through acid-catalyzed transesterification reaction of crude palm kernel seed oil. The optimized reaction process achieved a yield of 79% and 91% selectivity of tetraester, exhibiting good kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, and oxidative stability.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Samuel Gemsprim Muthurathinam, Ashoka Varthanan Perumal
Summary: The lubricating ability of vegetable oil-based lubricant additives with commercially used engine lubricant is studied in this article. The biolubricant blends, such as N10, P10, P20, and N20, are capable of significantly reducing wear and have appreciable frictional coefficients. These blends can be considered as primary alternatives to conventional lubricants in the long term.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nur Sulihatimarsyila Abd Wafti, Robiah Yunus, Harrison Lik Nang Lau, Thomas Choong Shean Yaw, Suraini Abdul Aziz
Summary: The present study investigated the effects of three commercial immobilized lipases on the production of TMP esters from HO-PME. Novozyme 435 showed the highest yield of TMP ester under specific conditions and exhibited good lubrication properties suitable for biolubricant production.
BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kian Rokni, Mostafa Mostafaei, Masoud Dehghani-Soufi, Danial Kahrizi
Summary: Microwave irradiation was used to enhance the reaction for producing bio-lubricant from camelina oil, resulting in a high reaction yield. The physicochemical properties of the purified product met the standards of base oil.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
G. Rajasozhaperumal, C. Kannan
Summary: Petroleum lubricants have negative impacts on the environment and are not biodegradable. Plant-derived oils are renewable and can be used as biolubricants. This study aimed to enhance the oxidative stability of Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) through various chemical modifications. The functional groups and molecular structure of the modified oils were determined using spectroscopic techniques, and their physiochemical, thermal, rheological, and oxidative stability properties were assessed. Tribological tests showed that estolides and epoxidized Jatropha significantly reduced friction, making them potential biolubricants.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Majher I. Sarker, Helen Ngo, Brajendra K. Sharma, Karen M. Wagner, Kerby C. Jones, Michael J. Powell
Summary: Two methyl-branched triesters, trimethylolpropane-triisostearate (TMP-ISA) and trimethylolpropane-triisooleate (TMP-IOA), were synthesized from trimethylolpropane and isostearic-acid/isooleic-acid, respectively. The characterization and analysis, including FTIR NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS, showed that TMP-ISA and TMP-IOA have superior physicochemical and tribological properties compared to high-oleic sunflower oil or polyalphaolefin. The miscibility and potential applications of TMP-ISA and TMP-IOA as biolubricants were demonstrated through lubricant property analysis.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Subramaniyam Suresh, Aran Incharoensakdi
Summary: This study utilized Scenedesmus sp. to produce methyl ester and itaconic acid through direct transesterification and hydrolysis with optimized conditions. The yield of methyl ester reached 93% under optimized parameters, and the obtained methyl ester showed satisfactory fuel properties. The hydrolysate from the spent biomass was used for itaconic acid production with improved yields by altering the MgSO4 concentration and adding TCA cycle metabolites.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nur Hidayah Mat Yasin, Nur Nadiah Che Aziz, Muhammad Badrun Amin Azmai, Mohamad Fitri Mohd Hanapi
Summary: This study investigated the effect of different solvents on the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from Chlorella vulgaris using two different methods of transesterification: direct transesterification (d-trans) and extraction transesterification (ext-trans). Different solvents were expected to lead to different amounts of FAMEs. Two solvents (methanol and ethanol) with volumes of each of 10,12 and 14 mL were selected to produce higher amounts of FAMEs.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Gul, N. W. M. Zulkifli, M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Mujtaba, Sumra Yousuf, M. Nasir Bashir, Waqar Ahmed, M. N. A. M. Yusoff, Shazia Noor, Rauf Ahmad, M. Tahir Hassan
Summary: This study focused on analyzing and optimizing the reaction conditions for cotton bio-lubricant synthesis using Response Surface Methodology. The results showed that temperature was the most significant factor affecting the yield of cotton bio-lubricant. The study confirmed the potential of cottonseed oil as a source for the bio-lubricant industry.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Favour Okechi Ifeanyi-Nze, Ejiro Thelma Akhiehiero
Summary: The synthesis of biolubricants from renewable feedstocks is necessary to mitigate the environmental hazards posed by petroleum-based lubricants. This study optimized the production process of biodegradable lubricant basestock using Jatropha curcas seed oil as a renewable feedstock. Results showed that under the optimal reaction conditions, the yield of jatropha biolubricant was 94.12%, which met the requirements set by the International Organization for Standardization. The statistical model used in this study accurately predicted the biolubricant output.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Godfred Appiah, Samuel Kofi Tulashie, Ephraim Edem Amoah Akpari, Eldon R. Rene, Daniel Dodoo
Summary: Biolubricants are gaining attention due to their exceptional properties, but face challenges in terms of cold-flow and thermo-oxidative stability. Chemical modification pathways such as esterification and transesterification have been explored to enhance the performance of biolubricants, increasing yield and quality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jumat Salimon, Nadia Salih
Summary: Green renewable biolubricants base stock based on polyol triester of epoxidized Malaysian Elaeis guineensis palm kernel oil and trimethylolpropane was produced and optimized using response surface methodology. The optimal condition for the epoxidation process was achieved, resulting in a high epoxide yield of 92.5% and excellent lubrication properties of EPKO-TMPE. Tribological assessments showed that EPKO-TMPE exhibited low coefficients of friction in the hydrodynamic region and was comparable to marketable lubricants.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Reda Z. K. Hussein, Nahed K. Attia, Mai K. Fouad, Shakinaz T. ElSheltawy
Summary: Waste cooking oil was used to synthesize biolubricant, with optimized conditions achieving the highest conversion rate. The structural and thermal properties of the produced biolubricant were tested, showing compliance with ISO VG68 viscosity grade and better low temperature applicability. Simulation results demonstrated the industrial applicability of the studied biolubricant production process using different models on Aspen HYSYS program version 9.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jingmo Zhou, Shubin Wu, Ying Liu
Summary: Expenditure isolation of lignin and the understanding of its structural variations during different isolation processes are crucial for the high-value utilization of lignin. This study proposed a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and 4-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid for rapid lignin separation from poplar. The structural variations of DES lignin and its relationship with alkali pre-extraction of hemicellulose were investigated. The results showed that alkali pretreatment enhanced the DES separation of lignin and promoted the cleavage of specific linkages, resulting in reduced molecular weight and thermal stability of isolated DES lignin. Moreover, DES lignin obtained from integrated utilization displayed higher purity and S/G ratio compared to lignin obtained from direct DES treatment.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yuping Li, Ziyan Xie, Yun Huang, Jiangyi Zeng, Chao Yang, Ling Yuan, Ying Wang, Yongqing Li
Summary: In this study, the characteristic flavonoids (CFs) of three licorice species were identified through integrated metabolic and transcriptomic analysis. The key regulators of CF biosynthesis were also identified. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the biosynthesis of CFs and future breeding of Glycyrrhiza varieties.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xianjie Pan, Zhaoyi Luo, Fanqi Liu, Quanqian Yi, Yanning Zeng
Summary: This study presents a novel strategy for fabricating fully bio-based epoxy vitrimers using peach gum and itaconic acid, which exhibit superior mechanical properties and thermostability. The materials were characterized and the self-healing and recycling capabilities were evaluated. The results demonstrate the potential of using these materials for sustainable industrial applications.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mohsen Sabzi-Nojadeh, Mohammad Pouresmaeil, Mina Amani, Mehdi Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, Filippo Maggi
Summary: This study shows that inoculating Summer savory plants with endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum can improve plant growth and increase salt tolerance. The fungus enhances growth, restores chlorophyll and antioxidant levels, reduces harmful substances, and increases proline and soluble sugar levels, thereby increasing crop productivity in saline conditions.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yu Liu, Lei Li, Aichen Zhao, Xiuming Song, Lulu Wei, Mengdi Fang, Chuchu Zheng, Xiaodong Zhu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of peppermint essential oil microcapsules on the unpleasant odor emissions from wax oil coated wood products. The results show that microcapsules can improve the time and stability of odor release.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Mesut Budak, Mirac Kilic, Hikmet Guenal, Ismail Velik, Mesut Sirri
Summary: This study assessed land suitability for rapeseed production using topography, climate, and soil data by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (MFIS). The study area covered land in the Diyarbakir province of southeastern Turkiye. The results indicated the proportions of different land suitability classes and showed the compatibility of AHP and MFIS methods in assessing suitability.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Tian, Yue Liu, Chao Wang, Weikun Jiang, Srinivas Janaswamy, Guihua Yang, Xingxiang Ji, Gaojin Lyu
Summary: In this study, hollow and solid lignin nanoparticles were synthesized through self-assembly and their application in PVA nanocomposite films was investigated. The results showed that the presence of hollow lignin nanoparticles in the films resulted in a room-like network structure, while the solid lignin nanoparticles induced different structural changes. The inclusion of LNPs improved the mechanical properties of the films, and both types of LNPs exhibited good hydrophobicity.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Marcos Vinicius Silva de Andrade, Simone Ribeiro Lucho, Renato Delmondez de Castro, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro
Summary: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, commonly known as stevia, is a widely cultivated shrub with highly sweetening metabolites. It has gained significant interest in the food and beverage industries due to its extremely sweet taste and various health benefits. Researchers are currently focused on studying biotechnological strategies to enhance the biosynthesis of stevia plant metabolites for improved cultivation and production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Eleonora Cintura, Paulina Faria, Luisa Molari, Luca Barbaresi, Dario D'Orazio, Lina Nunes
Summary: This study investigated the properties of Arundo donax as a building material and found that it has strong adaptability, high hygroscopicity, and unique sound absorption behavior. The mechanical tests also demonstrated the applicability of the Arundo donax-based composite. This opens up new possibilities for the further application of Arundo donax-based materials.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Stiina Kotiranta, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Titta Kotilainen, Pauliina Palonen
Summary: The effect of light spectra, particularly far-red and short wavelength radiation, on the growth and secondary metabolites of cannabis is significant. Altering the R:FR ratio can increase the concentration and yield of secondary metabolites, while short wavelength radiation does not significantly affect plant morphology and secondary metabolite concentrations.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xuze Liu, Fangmin Liang, Jinyuan Cheng, Xuelian Zhou, Jia Wang, Guigan Fang, Kuizhong Shen, Xianzhi Meng, Chen Huang, Arthur J. Ragauskas
Summary: A novel Na2S-facilitated DES pretreatment method was proposed to fractionate moso bamboo, which achieved high lignin removal and preserved most cellulose and hemicellulose with excellent enzymatic digestibility.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zechun Ren, Xinyuan Zhou, Kejiao Ding, Tong Ji, Hao Sun, Xiang Chi, Yunzhao Wei, Min Xu
Summary: This study prepared a thermal/magnetic/light-triggered multi-stimuli responsive shape memory polymer composite with excellent properties by adding magnetic nanoparticles into a polyurethane composite. The composite showed high shape recovery rate, fast response behavior, and suitability for 3D printing. Controllable external stimuli allowed for dynamic, remote, and precise control of 4D transformations. This work is significant for the design of smart materials and devices.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yurany Camacho Ardila, Jaiver Efren Jaimes Figueroa, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel
Summary: The higher heating value (HHV) and elemental composition are important properties of biomass, and their prediction using proximate and ultimate analysis is accurate.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiaohan Chen, Xianke Wang, Lili Shang, Xinxin Ma, Changhua Fang, Benhua Fei, Huanrong Liu, Shuqin Zhang
Summary: This study focuses on the comprehensive characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of bamboo parenchyma and the evaluation of its tensile and compressive properties, as well as the analysis of its failure mechanisms. The study found that the measured tensile strength and elastic modulus of the parenchyma tissue are 48.81 MPa and 706.48 MPa, respectively. Compression failure modes in parenchyma tissue encompass compression bending and cell fracture, shear failure of the middle lamella, and detachment and debonding of the cell wall.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tianfeng Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yunlin Fu, Mengji Qiao, Penglian Wei, Zhigao Liu, Yingjian Li
Summary: This study explored the formation mechanism of agarwood induced by fungus and its potential application in high-quality and high-yielding agarwood production. The results showed that the transition layer played a critical role in the continuous accumulation of agarwood, and the parenchyma cells of the xylem rays and interxylary phloem were the main action site of fungus. The accumulation and distribution of chemical composition in different layers were also investigated. The study identified the drivers of specific compounds and provided a theoretical foundation for future agarwood production.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2024)