Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Murad Bahadi, Jumat Salimon, Darfizzi Derawi
Summary: This study developed a bio-based lubricant product CPKO-di-TMPTE through acid-catalyzed transesterification reaction of crude palm kernel seed oil. The optimized reaction process achieved a yield of 79% and 91% selectivity of tetraester, exhibiting good kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, and oxidative stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mamdouh S. Elmelawy, Asmaa El-Meligy, Hussien A. Mawgoud, Asmaa S. Morshedy, Samia A. Hanafy, Ibrahim El-tantawy El-sayed
Summary: In this study, trimethylolpropane triesters were successfully synthesized through a two-step transesterification process using oleic acid as a precursor. The produced triesters can serve as biodegradable lubricant base oil substitutes for mineral oils, leading to a significant reduction in environmental pollution. The effects of various operating parameters on the reaction were investigated, and the optimal conditions were determined. The synthesized triesters exhibited a suitable composition for their desired application.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Christian Emeka Okafor, Ezekiel Junior Okafor, Kingsley Okechukwu Ikebudu
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of different machine learning methods in predicting the tensile strength of microwave post-cured composite tailored for weight-sensitive applications. The results showed that the ANFIS and ANFIS-MOGA models were more accurate than the ANN model, and the optimized process settings yielded workable results. Therefore, selecting microwave post-cured composite for weight-sensitive applications is beneficial.
ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Papabathina Mastan Rao, Sneha Haresh Dhoria, S. Gopal Krishna Patro, Radha Krishna Gopidesi, Meshel Q. Alkahtani, Saiful Islam, Murkonda Vijaya, Juturi Lakshmi Jayanthi, Mohammad Amir Khan, Abdul Razak, Raman Kumar, Achmad Rizal, Muhammad Imam Ammarullah
Summary: In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of linseed bio-diesel with 5% graphene nanoparticles were evaluated using various methods and techniques. The results showed that the B20G5 blended fuel with 5% graphene nanoparticles exhibited better brake thermal efficiency, lower carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions compared to diesel fuel, without the need for engine modifications.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Lalhriatpuia, Amit Pal
Summary: This study investigates the combined effects of engine load, cobalt oxide nanoparticles doped rate, linseed biodiesel blend rate, and biogas flow rate on engine performance and emission outputs. Computational methods such as response surface methodology and artificial neural network were used to establish a prediction model. The optimization study found that an optimal combination of nanoparticles, biodiesel, and biogas could significantly improve CI engine performance and emission responses.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shimelis Kebede Kassahun, Zebene Kiflie, Hern Kim, Anteneh Fufa Baye
Summary: In this study, visible light active N-doped TiO2-SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized for the photodegradation and mineralization of ciprofloxacin. The maximum CIP degradation efficiency of 88.45% and TOC removal efficiency of 75.18% were achieved under the optimum operating parameters. The adsorption isotherm and chemical kinetic studies were best fitted by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mei Yin Ong, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Fitranto Kusumo, Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman, Abd Halim Shamsuddin
Summary: In this study, coconut oils were transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology, and the obtained product was fractionally distilled to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel. The optimization process was modeled using RSM and ANN, with results showing that ANN modeling was superior. The optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% was achieved with specific conditions, and sensitivity analysis revealed the impact of microwave power, reaction time, and ethanol-oil molar ratio on the results.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kian Rokni, Mostafa Mostafaei, Masoud Dehghani-Soufi, Danial Kahrizi
Summary: Microwave irradiation was used to enhance the reaction for producing bio-lubricant from camelina oil, resulting in a high reaction yield. The physicochemical properties of the purified product met the standards of base oil.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Vanja Vlajkov, Stefan Andelic, Ivana Pajcin, Mila Grahovac, Dragana Budakov, Aleksandar Jokic, Jovana Grahovac
Summary: High costs of cultivation media are a leading limiting factor in the wider industrial production and commercialization of microbial biopesticides. The selection of alternative sources of macronutrients is crucial for the growth and metabolic activity of producing microorganisms, and understanding the medium composition's influence on the production of biocontrol agents is enabled through bioprocess modeling and optimization. In this study, two modeling approaches were used to describe the behavior of the bioprocess, and after comparing results, the first model was chosen for further optimization of the optimal cultivation medium composition.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muneer Ahmad Malla, Anamika Dubey, Ashwani Kumar, Dushyanth Reddy Vennapu, Niraj Upadhyay, Dileswar Pradhan, Rama Chandra Pradhan, Shweta Yadav
Summary: A new bacterial strain, Bacillus cereus AKAD 3-1, was found to degrade cypermethrin in an aqueous medium. The degradation was optimized using central composite design and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm. The results showed that the process variables significantly affected the biodegradation of cypermethrin. The strain successfully converted cypermethrin into non-toxic products.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Samuel Gemsprim Muthurathinam, Ashoka Varthanan Perumal
Summary: The lubricating ability of vegetable oil-based lubricant additives with commercially used engine lubricant is studied in this article. The biolubricant blends, such as N10, P10, P20, and N20, are capable of significantly reducing wear and have appreciable frictional coefficients. These blends can be considered as primary alternatives to conventional lubricants in the long term.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Majher I. Sarker, Helen Ngo, Brajendra K. Sharma, Karen M. Wagner, Kerby C. Jones, Michael J. Powell
Summary: Two methyl-branched triesters, trimethylolpropane-triisostearate (TMP-ISA) and trimethylolpropane-triisooleate (TMP-IOA), were synthesized from trimethylolpropane and isostearic-acid/isooleic-acid, respectively. The characterization and analysis, including FTIR NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS, showed that TMP-ISA and TMP-IOA have superior physicochemical and tribological properties compared to high-oleic sunflower oil or polyalphaolefin. The miscibility and potential applications of TMP-ISA and TMP-IOA as biolubricants were demonstrated through lubricant property analysis.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nur Sulihatimarsyila Abd Wafti, Robiah Yunus, Harrison Lik Nang Lau, Thomas Shean Yaw Choong, Suraini Abd-Aziz
Summary: The application of enzymes in the organic synthesis of polyol esters for biolubricants is explored in this study. TMP ester was synthesized from HO-PME through enzymatic transesterification. This research demonstrates that only 3% enzyme dosage is needed to achieve the highest triester yield of 82% without purification. The enzymatically synthesized TMP ester exhibits excellent lubricant properties.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Michael Rahul Soosai, Innasi Muthu Ganesh Moorthy, Perumal Varalakshmi, Camy Joshya Yonas
Summary: Non-edible Ceiba pentandra seed oil (CPSO) has the potential to produce biodiesel. By esterification and microwave-assisted transesterification, the free fatty acid in CPSO can be reduced and the biodiesel yield can be improved.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Nguyen Thuy Chung, Soek-Ryul Choi, Jung-Gu Kim
Summary: Soil corrosion has drawn significant attention from scientists recently. Multiple soil factors can impact the corrosion rate of carbon steel simultaneously, making it challenging to maintain consistent conditions in soil corrosion studies. Currently, there are two potential methods, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), for predicting corrosion rates in complex environments like soils. This study successfully implemented both methods to predict the corrosion rate of carbon steel considering pH, temperature, and chloride as factors, and they each have their own strengths and weaknesses.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Correction
Energy & Fuels
M. Gul, N. W. M. Zulkifli, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, M. A. Mujtaba, M. H. Harith, A. Z. Syahir, Waqar Ahmed, Abdul Bari Farooq
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Mofijur, Shams Forruque Ahmed, Zahidul Islam Rony, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury, M. A. Kalam, Van Giang Le, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, T. M. Yunus Khan
Summary: This study examines the potential of second-generation feedstocks for sustainable aviation fuel production and evaluates the fuel properties of these feedstocks. The findings suggest that Ricinus communis is the most suitable feedstock for aviation fuel production. However, fatty acid-based fuel properties fail to fully meet the international aviation fuel standards.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Fariha Dilpazeer, Mamoona Munir, Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch, Iqrash Shafiq, Javeeria Iqbal, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Sumeer Shafique, Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz, Ahmad Mustafa, Iqra Mahboob
Summary: This review article discusses the global problem of water contaminated with arsenic, including its sources and potential health risks to humans. Groundwater pollution is the main exposure route for inorganic arsenic. The study analyzed arsenic concentrations in different countries and mapped their distribution. Arsenic, found in trace amounts across Earth's crust, can reach harmful levels in drinking water. Groundwater, commonly used for drinking purposes, has been associated with negative health impacts due to excessive arsenic levels. The review aims to summarize effective technologies, such as ion exchange and membrane processes, for arsenic removal from drinking water to mitigate the adverse effects of arsenic exposure. Different technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, with electrocoagulation, adsorption, and phytoremediation being the most efficient and cost-effective options. The review also includes information on the removal efficiencies of arsenic using these technologies and their prospects.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik, Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary, Fahid Riaz, Sohaib Raza, Muhammad Abubakar, Farrukh Ahmad Malik, Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad, Yasser Fouad, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Muhammad Abul Kalam
Summary: Researchers are investigating green fuels like alcoholic fuels to combat global warming and depletion of fossil fuels. The study focuses on the impact of different alcohol and gasoline blends on engine performance and emissions. The results show that ethanol and methanol blends in gasoline improve brake power, thermal efficiency, and reduce fuel consumption. Among the blends, E10 performs the best in terms of emissions and engine performance, while ethanol and methanol blends significantly reduce NOx emissions compared to pure gasoline.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mehmood Ali, Muhammad Shahid, Waseem Saeed, Shahab Imran, Md. Abul Kalam
Summary: This research investigated a 10 L batch-scale biodiesel production system powered by solar energy and conventional electricity using waste cooking oil. The biodiesel produced from both energy systems met the ASTM D6751 standard, and solar energy systems significantly reduced traditional energy requirements, thus reducing the production's carbon footprint.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Allah Ditta, Asif Nadeem Tabish, Iqra Farhat, Luqman Razzaq, Yasser Fouad, Sajjad Miran, Muhammad Abbas Mujtaba, Muhammad Abul Kalam
Summary: This study investigated the electrochemical treatment of canal water using stainless steel 316-grade electrodes in a batch-wise system. The optimal conditions for disinfection were found to be a current density of 1.52 mA/cm(2), a reaction time of 6.35 min, and an electrode spacing of 1.13 cm, resulting in a 98.08% disinfection of total coliform. The energy required for electrochemical disinfection at these conditions was 0.256 kWh/m(3).
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Hanzla Tahir, Ammara Kanwal, Fahid Riaz, Muhammad Amjad, Aamna Khalid, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Ashfaq Ahmad, Mohammad Abul Kalam
Summary: Highly concentrated triple-junction solar cells (HCTJSCs) have various applications for power generation. The current electrical efficiency is around 45%, with an expected increase to 50% by 2030. Concentrated usage of HCTJSCs leads to a decrease in efficiency due to high-temperature surge, causing a sudden drop in output power. This study focuses on improving the efficiency of multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) under climatic conditions in Lahore, Pakistan. Active cooling with nanofluids and microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) was employed for thermal management, resulting in an optimum average surface temperature of 44.5°C, electrical efficiency of 41.97%, and temperature uniformity of 16.47°C for MJSCs with SiO2-water nanofluid and three layers of MCHS at a 15% volume fraction.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zohaib Hassan, Mariam Mahmood, Naveed Ahmed, Muhammad H. Saeed, Rashid Khan, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Md Abul Kalam, Fares Almomani, Emad Abdelsalam
Summary: In the industrial sector, integrating renewable sources with conventional fuels is crucial for bridging the energy gap caused by the significant share of final energy consumption from hot water applications. This paper presents the performance analysis of a solar water heating system based on an evacuated flat-plate collector, demonstrating its capability to accurately predict system performance. The analysis includes numerical modeling, experimental validation, and simulation of the effect of design parameters, as well as an economic analysis for a textile industry.
ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Vallapudi Dhana Raju, Ibham Veza, Harish Venu, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, M. A. Kalam, Tansir Ahamad, Prabhu Appavu, Jayashri N. Nair, S. M. Ashrafur Rahman
Summary: This study investigates the impact of compression ratio and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with tamarind seed methyl ester. The results show that higher compression ratio and cold exhaust gas recirculation can improve engine performance and reduce harmful emissions from the biodiesel.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Sulaiman, Fahad Ali Rabbani, Tanveer Iqbal, Fahid Riaz, Muhammad Raashid, Nehar Ullah, Saima Yasin, Yasser Fouad, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, M. A. Kalam
Summary: This study investigates the impact of different fiber loadings on the mechanical properties of composites at the sub-micron scale. Composites were prepared by incorporating varying amounts of wheat straw, corn stalk, and rice husk in a polypropylene copolymer. Nanoindentation experiments were conducted to analyze the composites' elastic modulus, hardness, and creep properties. The results show noticeable changes in these properties due to different fiber loadings.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Asif Hussain Khoja, Hamad Gohar, Waqar Ul Habib Khan, Umair Yaqub Qazi, Israf Ud Din, Abdulaziz Al-Anazi, Waqar Muhammad Ashraf, M. A. Mujtaba, Fahid Riaz, Syed Sheraz Daood
Summary: This study focuses on the co-pyrolysis process of peach stone and low-grade coal, aiming to achieve synergistic effects and determine the optimal blend based on thermokinetic analysis. The results show that the addition of peach stone can increase the carbon and hydrogen content, while reducing the sulfur and nitrogen content of the fuel. The 60C:40PS blend exhibits a positive synergy index value for bio-oil generation. The activation energy of the C-PS blends increases in Section II and decreases in Section III, with the optimal blend showing improved activation energy values. The kinetic models are proven to be effective, and the pyrolytic behavior of C-PS blends is characterized as endothermic, nonspontaneous, and capable of achieving thermodynamic equilibrium more rapidly.
ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Asim, Shoaib Mohammad, Ammara Kanwal, Ghulam Moeen Uddin, Awais A. Khan, M. A. Mujtaba, Ibham Veza, M. A. Kalam, Fares Almomani
Summary: Microchannel heat exchangers are being widely used in compact systems to enhance heat transfer rate and meet the demand for high heat transfer medium in small-sized devices. Different channel geometries and the addition of nanoparticles affect the performance and pressure drop of the exchangers. The inlet/outlet arrangement and Reynolds number also have significant impact on their performance, while gravity has no effect. The fabrication method can also influence the performance of microchannel heat exchangers.
ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik, M. A. Kalam, M. A. Mujtaba, Fares Almomani
Summary: This study reviews the role of bio-lubricants in enhancing environmental sustainability. Bio-lubricants have better performance, but some issues still need to be improved. Particularly, concerns about food security highlight the importance of algae-based bio-lubricant sources in reducing threats. Further improvements in production methods are needed to increase sustainability.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mokhtar Benasla, Imane Boukhatem, Tayeb Allaoui, Abderrahmane Berkani, Petr Korba, Felix Rafael Segundo Sevilla, Mohamed Belfedel
Summary: The idea of exporting dispatchable solar electricity from the North African region to Europe is still being discussed. This paper focuses on the potential of Algeria as a supplier and analyzes possible import corridors and barriers.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hobyung Chae, Sangmu Bae, Jae-Weon Jeong, Yujin Nam
Summary: Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) utilize temperature differences to produce electricity and have potential for various industrial applications. This study introduces an advanced technique that utilizes temperature gradients in water pipes to increase power generation, with efficient modulation of output power through flow control. The feasibility evaluation in residential settings shows that TEGs can generate 10.95 kWh of electricity per unit, and to achieve zero-energy buildings, 64.5 m2 of TEG deployment is required per unit given a zT value of 1.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Lina Patricia Vega, Karen Tatiana Bautista, Heliana Campos, Sebastian Daza, Guillermo Vargas
Summary: This article focuses on the current situation of biofuel production and research development in Latin American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica, and Colombia. Brazil stands out as a leader in the region, making significant advancements in clean energy production through biofuels policy implementation. The review highlights the challenges these countries face in utilizing their comparative advantages for biofuel production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Iraj Faraji Davoudkhani, Mahmoud Rerza Shakarami, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, Adel El-Shahat
Summary: This paper presents an optimization-based method for designing a wide-area damping controller (WADC) based on remote signals to improve the damping of inter-area oscillations by considering the time delays. The grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is utilized to solve the optimization problem, and simulations and statistical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Majid Ahmed Mohammed, Bashar Mahmood Ali, Khalil Farhan Yassin, Obed Majeed Ali, Omar Rafae Alomar
Summary: This study compares the effects of different phase change materials on the performance of solar panels. The experiment shows that the use of beeswax can lower the temperature of the panel and increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
