Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elissa Elia, David Brownell, Stephane Chabaud, Stephane Bolduc
Summary: This passage discusses the similarities between the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, which both consist of hollow structures that rely on muscle contractions to facilitate the flow of materials. It describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of these organs, with a particular emphasis on tissue engineering strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jiayan Li, Daiwen Chen, Bing Yu, Jun He, Zhiqing Huang, Ping Zheng, Xiangbing Mao, Hua Li, Jie Yu, Junqiu Luo, Hui Yan, Yuheng Luo
Summary: This study characterized the diversity and composition of fungi in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed large variations in fungal composition among pigs from different batches and sampling time, providing important references for the development of better human gut models.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takehisa Nakanishi, Kento Mizutani, Shohei Iida, Yoshiaki Matsushima, Ai Umaoka, Makoto Kondo, Koji Habe, Keiichi Yamanaka
Summary: This study investigated the pathophysiology of malnutrition and treatment efficacy in inflammatory skin diseases using a mouse model of dermatitis. The results showed that chronic dermatitis is closely related to secondary amyloidosis in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in hypoalbuminemia. Active control of skin inflammation is essential for preventing gastrointestinal complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alina Janocha, Anna Milczarek, Maciej Kosmalski, Paulina Gajownik-Mucka, Daniel Radzikowski
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of three feed additives (effective microorganisms and Humokarbowit added to the feed and garlic extract added to the drinking water) on the growth performance, gastrointestinal tract characteristics, and carcass composition of turkey hens. The results showed that the included feed additives significantly improved the growth performance and carcass composition of the turkeys. The use of effective microorganisms and Humokarbowit in the diets and garlic extract in the drinking water was recommended.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Linda F. Boeswald, Dana Matzek, Helen Mohr, Ellen Kienzle, Bastian Popper
Summary: Body conditions can serve as indicators of nutritional status and health in animals, highlighting the importance of monitoring these conditions. Obtaining morphometric data through measurements and standardized photographs can be useful for evaluating the body condition and well-being of animals.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Miguel A. Montoro-Huguet
Summary: The esophagus is crucial for transporting nutrients from the mouth to the stomach, and diseases of the esophagus can disrupt this process. This review discusses the clinical guidelines for dietary and nutritional management of various esophageal disorders and highlights the importance of nutritional support in improving outcomes.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luciano Pinotti, Michele Manoni, Luca Ferrari, Marco Tretola, Roberta Cazzola, Ian Givens
Summary: Magnesium plays a crucial role as a cofactor of over 300 enzymes, and its supplementation is recommended in both farm animals and human nutrition to ensure adequate growth, health maintenance, and optimal performance. Adequate magnesium intake can improve meat quality, fertility, and yield in farm animals, while also preventing deficiency-related health conditions and supporting growth. Having an adequate magnesium content in animal-sourced food is important to prevent magnesium deficiency in farm animals and to serve as excellent magnesium sources in human diets, which is crucial for bone development, muscle function, and overall health maintenance.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Qi Tang, Peng Tan, Ning Ma, Xi Ma
Summary: Threonine is an essential amino acid for animals and plays a crucial role in nutritional metabolism, macromolecular biosynthesis, and gut homeostasis. Supplementation of threonine can benefit energy metabolism and influence cell growth, immune system, and overall health in animals.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Olatz Goni-Balentziaga, Sergi Vila, Ivan Ortega-Saez, Oscar Vegas, Garikoitz Azkona
Summary: Animal-facility personnel scored higher in work-related quality of life and compassion satisfaction compared to researchers, with perceived animal stress/pain, human-animal interaction, and social support being factors influencing professional quality of life. Job category is a key contributing factor in perceived professional quality of life.
Article
Forestry
Asad Aslam, De-Fu Chi, Asim Abbasi, Muhammad Arshad
Summary: This study explored the efficacy of three indigenous nematode species (Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and Heterorhabditis indica) against Odontotermes obesus. The results showed that S. carpocapsae had the highest mortality rate, followed by H. bacteriophora and H. indica, in both laboratory and field conditions. It can be concluded that indigenous EPNs are more effective in controlling termites, possibly due to their direct interaction with the pests in the soil and the possibility of causing secondary infection through infected insects.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Djesia Arnone, Caroline Chabot, Anne-Charlotte Heba, Tunay Kokten, Benedicte Caron, Franck Hansmannel, Natacha Dreumont, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Didier Quilliot, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Summary: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to the rising incidence of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. It can disrupt the intestinal barrier and increase susceptibility to infections.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Wobith, Arved Weimann
Summary: Patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery are following enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, where oral feeding is emphasized and malnutrition is common. It is important to identify patients at metabolic risk early and monitor their nutritional status postoperatively, especially after surgery in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The article provides an overview of perioperative enteral nutrition concepts in these patients.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Linna Zhou, Carlos Ruiz-Puig, Brittany-Amber Jacobs, Xiaoyue Han, Richard Lisle, Hagan Bayley, Xin Lu
Summary: This study reports the fabrication of collagen tubes with designed shapes using lipid bilayer supported droplet networks, which can produce a variety of tubular GI tissues including human intestinal organoids and fibroblast-containing structures. The versatility of this technique allows the construction of tubular GI tracts containing ECM and layered structures, with broad potential applications in disease research and regenerative medicine.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
S. Rezakhani, N. Gjorevski, M. P. Lutolf
Summary: This review discusses the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in organoid culture systems, especially in the context of intestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic organoids, and how biomaterial-based approaches can be used to investigate ECM properties for more physiologically and translationally relevant organoid models.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Egan L. Choi, Negar Taheri, Abhishek Chandra, Yujiro Hayashi
Summary: Due to modern medical advancements, more people are living longer lives. However, this increased lifespan does not always correspond to improved health, and can lead to a rise in aging-related diseases. These diseases are often attributed to cellular senescence, which creates a proinflammatory environment suitable for tumor progression. This review focuses on the effects of cellular senescence on gastrointestinal aging, inflammation, and cancers, aiming to enhance our understanding of these processes for future therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Richard D. Smith, Christi L. McElheny, Jerilyn R. Izac, Francesca M. Gardner, Courtney E. Chandler, David R. Goodlett, Yohei Doi, J. Kristie Johnson, Robert K. Ernst
Summary: In this study, a novel method for identifying colistin resistance in Enterobacter species and Klebsiella aerogenes is developed using MALDI-TOF MS. This method allows for rapid and accurate detection of resistance without the need for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The study demonstrates that the MS assay is highly correlated with killing efficacy and can effectively predict how colistin would treat an infection. The use of MALDI-TOF MS for early identification of antimicrobial resistance can improve antimicrobial stewardship and patient outcomes.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Andrew S. Bray, Richard D. Smith, Andrew W. Hudson, Giovanna E. Hernandez, Taylor M. Young, Hannah E. George, Robert K. Ernst, M. Ammar Zafar
Summary: This study investigates the biological cost of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. It finds that while colistin resistance reduces the ability of the bacteria to colonize the gut, it enhances their survival outside the host and therefore increases their transmission between hosts.
Article
Immunology
Erin M. Harberts, Daniel Grubaugh, Daniel C. Akuma, Sunny Shin, Robert K. Ernst, Igor E. Brodsky
Summary: This study investigates the activation mechanisms of lipid A in TLR4 and Casp11, finding that the location of specific secondary acyl chains determines the differential recognition of lipid A. This provides new insights into the activation mechanisms of TLR4 and Casp11 and highlights the importance of lipid A structure.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jasmine Alexander-Floyd, Antonia R. Bass, Erin M. Harberts, Daniel Grubaugh, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Igor E. Brodsky, Robert K. Ernst, Sunny Shin
Summary: This study investigates the impact of alterations in the phosphorylation and acylation state of Gram-negative bacterial lipid A on the activation of human TLR4 and CASP4/5. The findings reveal that the acylation state has a differential impact on TLR4 and CASP4/5 activation, while the phosphorylation state does not have a significant effect. These results contribute to a better understanding of the innate immune system's ability to recognize and detect a wide range of bacterial pathogens.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Hyojik Yang, Richard D. Smith, Kylie P. Sumner, David R. Goodlett, J. Kristie Johnson, Robert K. Ernst
Summary: This study describes and evaluates a method for direct identification of Gram-negative bacteria from urine using MALDI-TOF MS within 1 hour. Although it may not replace culture, this method can rapidly screen for common urinary pathogens, allowing clinicians to administer more targeted antimicrobial therapy sooner.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tommi Valikangas, Tomi Suomi, Courtney E. Chandler, Alison J. Scott, Bao Q. Tran, Robert K. Ernst, David R. Goodlett, Laura L. Elo
Summary: This study comprehensively evaluates differential expression methods for longitudinal proteomics data and proposes a robust approach called RolDE. The method outperforms others in terms of tolerance to missing values, reproducibility, and ranking results in a biologically meaningful way.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Clorissa L. Washington-Hughes, Shubhrajit Roy, Herana Kamal Seneviratne, Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder, Yulemni Morel, Jace W. Jones, Alex Zak, Tong Xiao, Tatiana N. Boronina, Robert N. Cole, Namandje N. Bumpus, Christopher J. Chang, Ted M. Dawson, Svetlana Lutsenko
Summary: This study reveals the importance of Cu transporter Atp7b in maintaining Cu homeostasis in the brain during postnatal development. Loss of Atp7b function leads to morphological changes in choroid plexus and affects Cu transporters Atp7a and Slc31a, resulting in Cu deficit and associated imbalance of catecholamines and lipids. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neuropathology of Wilson disease.
Article
Immunology
Debaki R. Howlader, Sayan Das, Ti Lu, Rahul Shubhra Mandal, Gang Hu, David J. Varisco, Zackary K. Dietz, Siva Sai Kumar Ratnakaram, Robert K. Ernst, William D. Picking, Wendy L. Picking
Summary: We formulated a candidate subunit vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), which activates genes from multiple immunological pathways and elicits a protective Th1-Th17 response. Immunized mice showed an adaptive response after infection, while PBS-vaccinated mice experienced rapid onset of an inflammatory response.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yulemni Morel, Jace W. Jones
Summary: Lipid peroxidation is crucial in the development of various diseases, as it causes oxidative damage to lipids, leading to dysfunction and death of cells. This study presents an analytical approach for characterizing the structure of oxidized products of specific types of phospholipids, providing insights into the initial impact of lipid peroxidation on cellular membranes and their role in redox biology.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Alison J. Scott, Alexis A. Smith, Ron M. A. Heeren, Utpal Pal, Robert K. Ernst
Summary: Spatially aware de novo discovery methods play a crucial role in identifying therapeutic targets in complex interphylum interactions. This study evaluated the potential of matrix-assisted desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) as a spatial omics method to simultaneously profile an arthropod vector and a mammalian skin in a bite model. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using MSI to analyze lipids and observe lipid reorganization at the bite site in both the tick and mammalian skin.
Article
Microbiology
Courtney E. Chandler, Casey E. Hofstaedter, Tracy H. Hazen, David A. Rasko, Robert K. Ernst
Summary: Individuals with cystic fibrosis often suffer from recurrent infections, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium found in their airways. This study examined early isolates of P. aeruginosa from young CF patients to understand the genetic adaptations during colonization and infection. The study found that specific phenotypic adaptations did not have a clear genetic basis, and the geography of patient origin did not significantly influence genetic adaptation. Overall, the study adds to the understanding of P. aeruginosa evolution in CF airway disease.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alison J. Scott, Shane R. Ellis, Casey E. Hofstaedter, Ron M. A. Heeren, Robert K. Ernst
Summary: This study explored the whole-lung phospholipid response to acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and spatial lipidomics in a mouse model. Infection was associated with a set of 26 ions, with acyl remodeling identified as a differentially enriched function in the infected parenchyma. These functions correlated with polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell influx, indicating enzymes active in phospholipid remodeling.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gang Hu, David J. Varisco, Sayan Das, C. Russell Middaugh, Francesca Gardner, Robert K. Ernst, Wendy L. Picking, William D. Picking
Summary: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are potential immune-enhancing adjuvants included in licensed vaccines. BECC438 and BECC470, novel TLR4 agonists, have shown effective adjuvant potential against viral and bacterial diseases. This study provides detailed characterization and formulation potential for these chemically defined TLR4 agonists.
Article
Microbiology
Richard D. Smith, Min Zhan, Shanshan Zhang, Surbhi Leekha, Anthony Harris, Yohei Doi, Scott Evans, J. Kristie Johnson, Robert K. Ernst
Summary: This study evaluated a new rapid lipid analysis technique called FLAT MS for direct identification of pathogens from blood cultures. FLAT MS showed slight differences in accuracy compared to other FDA-approved methods for identifying Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. The time-to-results and hands-on time of FLAT MS were comparable to other methods.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie Zalesak-Kravec, Weiliang Huang, Jace W. Jones, Jianshi Yu, Jenna Alloush, Amy E. Defnet, Alexander R. Moise, Maureen A. Kane
Summary: This study investigated the impact of CRBP1 loss on the adult mouse heart using a multi-omics approach. The results showed that RA levels were decreased in Rbp1(-/-) mouse heart tissue, and metabolomics and proteomics analyses revealed disrupted pathways related to cellular metabolism and cardiac metabolism. These findings characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss and reduced RA in the adult heart.