Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian Battipaglia, Tabatha Petrillo, Elisa Semprini, Francesco Ricciardiello, Maria Laura Rusce, Greta Prampolini, Fedora Ambrosetti, Alessandra Sponzilli, Alessandro D. Genazzani
Summary: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by impaired secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), resulting in reduced ovarian function and hypoestrogenic condition. It is diagnosed by excluding other causes and based on low levels of gonadotropins and estradiol (E2) with precipitating factors. Treatment includes weight gain, psychological support, and estrogen replacement therapy. Low-dose estrogens may positively modulate the restart of gonadotropin secretion, but the mechanism is still unknown.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chrisandra L. Shufelt, Mariam Saadedine, Galen Cook-Wiens, Margareta D. Pisarska, JoAnn E. Manson, Sarah L. Berga, Moshe Arditi, Prediman K. Shah, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Summary: This study found that about one-third of women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) had endothelial dysfunction. FHA may be a preclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) marker, and its occurrence is not solely explained by hypoestrogenemia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
L. Fontana, E. Garzia, G. Marfia, V. Galiano, M. Miozzo
Summary: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a temporary female infertility caused by the suppression of the HPG axis due to stress factors. Recent studies have shown a genetic and epigenetic contribution to FHA, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used to study the molecular pathways involved.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Federica Bonazza, Giuliana Politi, Daniela Leone, Elena Vegni, Lidia Borghi
Summary: This study found that depression and eating attitudes, especially drive for thinness, are the main psychological factors associated with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). Women with FHA also exhibit higher levels of anxiety, sleep disorders, dysfunctional attitudes, and alexithymia. Longitudinal studies and a multidisciplinary approach involving gynecologists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatrists are needed for the diagnosis and treatment of FHA.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Klara Beitl, Didier Dewailly, Rudolf Seemann, Marlene Hager, Jakob Buenker, Daniel Mayrhofer, Iris Holzer, Johannes Ott
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) are the two most frequent causes of secondary amenorrhea, and distinguishing between them remains challenging. A retrospective case-control study found significant differences in hormone levels and protein binding globulin between PCOS-D patients and FHA-PCOM patients. The authors proposed a model including serological parameters as a reliable tool to distinguish between the two conditions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Clarissa Carvalho Pedreira, Jacqueline Maya, Madhusmita Misra
Summary: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is a reversible hypogonadism commonly seen in adolescents and young women. It can be triggered by energy deficit or emotional stress, leading to reduced secretion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. This condition can have negative effects on reproductive, skeletal, and neuropsychiatric health.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karina Ryterska, Agnieszka Kordek, Patrycja Zaleska
Summary: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is a common condition affecting women of procreative age, characterized by a variety of factors such as stress, poor nutrition, and excessive exercise. Therapeutic interventions may not address all causes, potentially impacting women's health. Research suggests that modifying the underlying causes can reverse this condition.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefano Ciardullo, Francesca Zerbini, Rosa Cannistraci, Emanuele Muraca, Silvia Perra, Alice Oltolini, Gianluca Perseghin
Summary: Sex hormones have different impacts on body composition in men and women. This study aimed to evaluate the association between testosterone, estradiol, and body fat distribution in the general population. The results showed that testosterone was positively associated with lean body mass and negatively associated with fat mass and the android/gynoid ratio in men, while estradiol showed the opposite trend. Among women, testosterone did not have an impact on body composition, but estradiol was positively associated with lean mass and negatively associated with fat mass. These findings highlight the varying effects of sex hormones on specific fat depots between men and women.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giovanna Notaristefano, Annamaria Merola, Elisa Scarinci, Nicolo Ubaldi, Monia Ranalli, Anna Tropea, Alice Diterlizzi, Simone Michele Fabozzi, Ornella Alesiani, Andrea Silvestrini, Alvaro Mordente, Esmeralda Capristo, Antonio Lanzone, Rosanna Apa
Summary: Lower levels of irisin in patients with FHA are associated with significantly reduced BMD parameters without reaching the severity of osteopenia. Irisin may be a potential predictor and screening method for bone deprivation and can also serve as an indirect marker of nutritional status in FHA patients, identifying early stages of energy deficit.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ezgi Ozen, Rada G. Mihaylova, Natalie J. Lord, Julie A. Lovegrove, Kim G. Jackson
Summary: Body mass index (BMI) plays an important role in the relationship between the APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO)E genotype and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study found that BMI modulates the effect of APOE on CVD risk markers and there may be interactions with body composition. The findings also suggest that diet might be a factor in this relationship.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jaime Sebastia-Rico, Jose M. Soriano, Noelia Gonzalez-Galvez, Jose Miguel Martinez-Sanz
Summary: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the anthropometric, body composition, and somatotype characteristics of professional male soccer players and to compare the values reported according to different assessment methods and equations. Significant differences were found in height, fat mass, fat mass percentage, and fat-free mass when comparing different assessment methods. The study provides useful information for properly assessing the body composition of professional male soccer players.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rita Indirli, Valeria Lanzi, Giovanna Mantovani, Maura Arosio, Emanuele Ferrante
Summary: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a condition that leads to bone loss, with estrogen being just a part of the cause. FHA commonly occurs in eating disorders, overtraining, and during psychological or physical stress. The impact of amenorrhoea on bone density or microarchitecture is controversial, and oral estrogen-progestin combinations have not been proven beneficial. Low bone density is prevalent in these patients, increasing the risk of stress or fragility fractures.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paolo Facondo, Virginia Maltese, Andrea Delbarba, Ilenia Pirola, Mario Rotondi, Alberto Ferlin, Carlo Cappelli
Summary: This article describes a case of hypothalamic amenorrhea following SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The authors hypothesized that the patient's hypothalamic deficiency may have been a consequence of the virus, as it can affect hypothalamic circuits and alter the endocrine axes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
C. Cacciatore, B. Cangiano, E. Carbone, S. Spagnoli, M. P. Cid Ramirez, N. Polli, M. Bonomi, L. Persani
Summary: This study investigated factors influencing functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in patients with anorexia nervosa. The findings suggest that amenorrhea is not strictly correlated with body weight variations and has a multifactorial origin. Higher FT3 levels identify patients who continue having menses at extremely low BMI. Patients with persistent amenorrhea should consider using estroprogestins after significant weight recovery to prevent prolonged tissue hypoestrogenism.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jaime Sebastia-Rico, Jose Miguel Martinez-Sanz, Noelia Gonzalez-Galvez, Jose M. Soriano
Summary: This research analyzed the body composition of male professional soccer players according to playing positions. The results can guide medical and technical staff in setting personalized training objectives for maximum performance. Body composition may vary depending on the playing position.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawel Pludowski, Michael F. Holick, William B. Grant, Jerzy Konstantynowicz, Mario R. Mascarenhas, Afrozul Haq, Vladyslav Povoroznyuk, Nataliya Balatska, Ana Paula Barbosa, Tatiana Karonova, Ema Rudenka, Waldemar Misiorowski, Irina Zakharova, Alena Rudenka, Jacek Lukaszkiewicz, Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska, Natalia Laszcz, Pawel Abramowicz, Harjit P. Bhatto, Sunil J. Wimalawansa
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
T. Karonova, O. Belyaeva, E. B. Jude, A. Tsiberkin, A. Andreeva, E. Grineva, P. Pludowski
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Agnieszka Rusinska, Pawel Pludowski, Mieczyslaw Walczak, Maria K. Borszewska-Kornacka, Artur Bossowski, Danuta Chlebna-Sokol, Justyna Czech-Kowalska, Anna Dobrzanska, Edward Franek, Ewa Helwich, Teresa Jackowska, Maria A. Kalina, Jerzy Konstantynowicz, Janusz Ksiazyk, Andrzej Lewinski, Jacek Lukaszkiewicz, Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska, Artur Mazur, Izabela Michalus, Jaroslaw Peregud-Pogorzelski, Hanna Romanowska, Marek Ruchala, Piotr Socha, Mieczyslaw Szalecki, Miroslaw Wielgos, Danuta Zwolinska, Arkadiusz Zygmunt
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stefan Pilz, Winfried Maerz, Kevin D. Cashman, Mairead E. Kiely, Susan J. Whiting, Michael F. Holick, William B. Grant, Pawel Pludowski, Mickael Hiligsmann, Christian Trummer, Verena Schwetz, Elisabeth Lerchbaum, Marlene Pandis, Andreas Tomaschitz, Martin R. Gruebler, Martin Gaksch, Nicolas Verheyen, Bruce W. Hollis, Lars Rejnmark, Spyridon N. Karras, Andreas Hahn, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, Joerg Reichrath, Rolf Jorde, Ibrahim Elmadfa, Reinhold Vieth, Robert Scragg, Mona S. Calvo, Natasja M. van Schoor, Roger Bouillon, Paul Lips, Suvi T. Itkonen, Adrian R. Martineau, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, Armin Zittermann
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dominika Jedlinska-Pijanowska, Beata Kasztelewicz, Justyna Czech-Kowalska, Maciej Jaworski, Klaudia Charusta-Sienkiewicz, Anna Dobrzanska
Article
Oncology
Ronald D. Barr, Dean Inglis, Uma Athale, Maciej Jaworski, Troy Farncombe, Christopher L. Gordon
Summary: Long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have compromised bone health to some extent, especially in high-risk survivors who received more intensive osteotoxic chemotherapy. The bone connectivity in these survivors is lower in females compared to males, but factors such as history of fracture, cranial irradiation, or bisphosphonate use do not show significant differences in bone metrics.
PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
William B. Grant, Fatme Al Anouti, Barbara J. Boucher, Erdinc Dursun, Duygu Gezen-Ak, Edward B. Jude, Tatiana Karonova, Pawel Pludowski
Summary: Vitamin D-3 has important health benefits, but there is a lack of awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public, leading to suboptimal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in most of the world's population. High-quality studies show that vitamin D may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc., but randomized controlled trials in vitamin D research have flaws.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Spyridon N. Karras, Erdinc Dursun, Merve Alaylioglu, Duygu Gezen-Ak, Fatme Al Anouti, Stefan Pilz, Pawel Pludowski, Edward Jude, Kalliopi Kotsa
Summary: Dysregulation of vitamin D-binding protein has been associated with various pregnancy complications. The effects of VDBP polymorphisms on adipokine profiles in mothers and neonates have not been fully investigated. This study found that VDBP polymorphisms had minimal impact on adiponectin, irisin, and VDBP concentrations at birth under different vitamin D status cut-offs.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pawel Pludowski, Istvan Takacs, Mihail Boyanov, Zhanna Belaya, Camelia C. Diaconu, Tatiana Mokhort, Nadiia Zherdova, Ingvars Rasa, Juraj Payer, Stefan Pilz
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue with diverse guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Screening for deficiency is not recommended for the general population, but testing is suggested for certain risk groups. Daily supplementation of 800 to 2000 IU of vitamin D is recommended for adults.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jose-Luis Perez-Castrillon, Ricardo Usategui-Martin, Pawel Pludowski
Summary: Calcifediol is the prohormone of the vitamin D endocrine system, used to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. It is more efficient and safe than cholecalciferol, with a rapid onset of action and greater potency. The increase in 25-OH vitamin D depends on the dose and frequency of calcifediol administration, while cholecalciferol administration is influenced by additional factors such as obesity and malabsorption.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Agnieszka Czeszyk, Wojciech Hautz, Maciej Jaworski, Dorota Bulsiewicz, Justyna Czech-Kowalska
Summary: This study aimed to assess the influence of prematurity, neonatal clinical characteristics, and a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on the morphology and retinal vascularity of macula in children. The results showed that prematurity has a negative impact on retinal morphology and vascularization.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stefan Pilz, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Pawel Pludowski, Sieglinde Zelzer, Andreas Meinitzer, Spyridon N. Karras, Waldemar Misiorowski, Armin Zittermann, Winfried Maerz, Christian Trummer
Summary: Pathogenic mutations of CYP24A1 should be considered in cases of hypercalcemia with low parathyroid hormone. Pregnancy may trigger hypercalcemia in affected patients, and obstetric complications are frequently reported. Strictly avoiding vitamin D supplementation seems to be effective in preventing or reducing hypercalcemia.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pawel Pludowski, Beata Kos-Kudla, Mieczyslaw Walczak, Andrzej Fal, Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz, Piotr Sieroszewski, Jaroslaw Peregud-Pogorzelski, Ryszard Lauterbach, Tomasz Targowski, Andrzej Lewinski, Robert Spaczynski, Miroslaw Wielgos, Jaroslaw Pinkas, Teresa Jackowska, Ewa Helwich, Artur Mazur, Marek Ruchala, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Mieczyslaw Szalecki, Artur Bossowski, Justyna Czech-Kowalska, Marek Wojcik, Beata Pyrzak, Michal A. Zmijewski, Pawel Abramowicz, Jerzy Konstantynowicz, Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska, Andrius Bleizgys, Spirydon N. Karras, William B. Grant, Carsten Carlberg, Stefan Pilz, Michael F. Holick, Waldemar Misiorowski
Summary: It is found that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the Polish population based on epidemiological studies. To address this concern, a Polish multidisciplinary group reviewed the evidence and formulated recommendations for prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. The final Polish recommendations included a range of serum vitamin D levels indicating deficiency, guidelines for prophylaxis and treatment, and the importance of improving the overall population's vitamin D status and treating at-risk patient groups.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pawel Pludowski
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marek Wojcik, Maciej Jaworski, Pawel Pludowski
Summary: This study aimed to assess the concentration of 25(OH)D and its potential changes during the growth and maturation period in children. The study found that 18.9% of the subjects had vitamin D deficiency from 2014 to 2019. Effective prevention of vitamin D deficiency was observed in children aged 3 years and younger. There was no relationship between the concentrations of 25(OH)D and calcium.