Review
Immunology
Erandi Perez-Figueroa, Pablo Alvarez-Carrasco, Enrique Ortega, Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
Summary: Neutrophils play a crucial role in innate immune response by executing various effector functions. When activated, they undergo cell death processes to ensure the proper elimination of pathogens and damaged cells, contributing to timely resolution of inflammation. Neutrophils' cell death mechanisms include apoptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, and others, ultimately maintaining homeostasis in the organism.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Mattia Cremona, Cassandra J. Vandenberg, Angela M. Farrelly, Stephen F. Madden, Clare Morgan, Roshni Kalachand, Jessica N. McAlpine, Sinead Toomey, David G. Huntsman, Liam Grogan, Oscar Breathnach, Patrick Morris, Mark S. Carey, Clare L. Scott, Bryan T. Hennessy
Summary: The study found that XIAP protein expression is increased in BRCA1-mutated cancers, associated with optimization of PARP and NF-kB activation. BRCA1-mutated cells are more sensitive to IAP inhibitors, and treatment with IAP inhibitors can restore the efficacy of PARP inhibitors.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Qi-rui Hu, Yao Pan, Han-cheng Wu, Zhen-zhen Dai, Qing-xin Huang, Ting Luo, Jing Li, Ze-yuan Deng, Fang Chen
Summary: Cancer is a major global health problem and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a phytochemical extracted from Panax ginseng with anticancer activity. GRh2 can induce apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells, inhibit proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, it can enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapy and reverse adverse effects. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of GRh2 and proposes future directions for its development and application.
JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chiara Cencioni, Ilaria Trestini, Geny Piro, Emilio Bria, Giampaolo Tortora, Carmine Carbone, Francesco Spallotta
Summary: Nutritional habits have a significant impact on the health of the gastrointestinal tract and the progression of GI disorders, including cancer. Specific nutritional measures can be taken to prevent GI cancer and improve treatment outcomes. Nutritional counseling, nutrient delivery, supplementation, and timing are important factors in the management of these patients. The closure of nutritional gaps during cancer treatment is crucial for weight stabilization, treatment tolerability, and survival rate improvement. Recent studies have explored novel nutritional approaches targeting the connection between epigenetics and metabolism in GI cancer patients.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Henk Hogeveen, Ilka C. Klaas, Gunnar Dalen, Hen Honig, Alfonso Zecconi, David F. Kelton, Maria Sanchez Mainar
Summary: Current sensor systems are utilized to detect cows with mastitis, but there is room for improvement in performance. Tailoring sensor systems based on specific mastitis situations can enhance management effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biology
Timothy J. f Mitchison
Summary: NK cells play a role in cancer immunosurveillance and therapy, with live cell imaging revealing diverse programmed cell death pathways induced in targeted cancer cells. The state of the target cell actin cytoskeleton influences pathway choice, with a novel death pathway called granzyme-induced necroptosis potentially important in cancer immunotherapy.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Ishaq Tantray, Rani Ojha, Aditya P. Sharma
Summary: A significant portion of the human genome is transcribed into non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which plays a role in various diseases including cancer. In bladder cancer, non-coding RNAs have been identified to be involved in processes such as autophagy, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor proliferation. Further molecular characterization is needed to explore new diagnostic and treatment options for bladder cancer, utilizing the potential of non-coding RNA as targeted tools and therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olga Sularz, Aneta Koronowicz, Sylwester Smolen, Cayla Boycott, Barbara Stefanska
Summary: Our research shows that extracts from iodine-biofortified lettuce induce apoptosis in gastric and colon cancer cells, triggering different signaling pathways depending on the cell type. Activation of caspases and release of cytochrome c are involved in the cell death process, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Bcl-2 family proteins also play a role. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in cells exposed to lettuce extracts. Overall, organic iodine compounds are important for activating mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in a p53-independent manner.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Xiangwen Wang, Liwen Zhou, Hongpeng Wang, Wei Chen, Lei Jiang, Guangtao Ming, Jun Wang
Summary: Metabolic reprogramming, autophagy, and ferroptosis play crucial roles in the resistance to immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer. They affect the survival and function of immune cells by altering nutrient allocation and promoting the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of these metabolic pathways is essential for overcoming immunotherapy resistance.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
Summary: The gut microbiome, consisting of various microbes, plays a crucial role in maintaining the symbiotic relationship between host and gut, affecting processes beneficial to the host. Changes in gut microbiome composition are associated with human diseases, including gastrointestinal cancers. Beyond bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea in the gut are also implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ruoxi Zhang, Rui Kang, Daolin Tang
Summary: Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death process triggered by excessive lipid peroxidation, leading to plasma membrane damage and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. It has gained attention in cancer research, specifically in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, due to its unique mechanism compared to other forms of regulated cell death. Exploring the role of ferroptosis in GI cancers may offer new treatment strategies for overcoming drug resistance caused by defects in apoptotic pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jianli Yu, Yang Guo, Yi Gu, Fei Li, Haipeng Song, Rui Nian, Xiying Fan, Wenshuai Liu
Summary: In this study, we found that the secretory form of HE4 plays a pro-survival autocrine role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells, and the anti-HE4 nanobody can be used as a targeted therapy strategy to improve the therapeutic effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ameni Hadj Mohamed, Aline Pinon, Nathalie Lagarde, Elizabeth Goya Jorge, Hadley Mouhsine, Moncef Msaddek, Bertrand Liagre, Maite Sylla-Iyarreta Veitia
Summary: The diarylmethane scaffold has distinctive properties that are important in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. In this study, 33 novel diarylmethane molecules targeting colorectal cancer were designed and synthesized. These molecules showed high inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and low toxicity on normal cells, indicating their potential as anticancer agents.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Drelich-Zbroja, Malgorzata Matuszek, Michal Kaczor, Maryla Kuczynska
Summary: Obesity remains a pandemic of the 21st century, and despite the known causes and potential treatments, the number of patients continues to increase. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to study the neural mechanisms of obesity, revealing altered brain activity in obese individuals. These imaging findings may contribute to understanding the neuronal mechanisms and identifying new treatment opportunities for obesity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Linyue Pan, Lu Hu, Mengjie Chen, Yuanlin Song, Zhihong Chen, Yutong Gu, Chun Li, Zhilong Jiang
Summary: In this study, a novel CD47-blocking peptide VK17 was identified and a pro-apoptotic VK30 peptide was obtained. VK30 specifically bound to CD47 on lung cancer cells and induced apoptosis, while improving phagocytic activity of macrophages against lung cancer cells. Combinational treatment with anti-CD47 antibody and VK30 enhanced the binding and increased apoptosis and phagocytosis. Intraperitoneal administration of VK30 effectively suppressed lung cancer cell growth in mice, associated with increased tumor cell apoptosis, macrophage activation, and phagocytosis.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Marie-Kristin Schwaegermann, Lukas Hobohm, Johanna Rausch, Michael Reuter, Thomas-Friedrich Griemert, Visvakanth Sivanathan, Tanja Falter, Martin F. Sprinzl, Karl J. Lackner, Peter R. Galle, Stavros Konstantinides, Matthias Theobald, Charis von Auer
Summary: Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by reduced activity of ADAMTS13 due to autoantibodies. This results in thrombotic microangiopathy, decreased platelet count, hemolysis, and tissue ischemia.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Christian Labenz, Frank Lammert, Peter R. Galle
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Maurice Michel, Alisha Wahl, Malena Anders, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Wolfgang M. Kremer, Peter R. Galle, Christian Labenz, Daniel Grimm, Martin Sprinzl, Joern M. Schattenberg
Summary: Metabolic comorbidities, significant fibrosis, and a lower socioeconomic status may negatively affect the health-related quality of life in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Chiun Hsu, Michel Ducreux, Andrew X. Zhu, Shukui Qin, Masafumi Ikeda, Tae-You Kim, Peter R. Galle, Richard S. Finn, Ethan Chen, Ning Ma, Youyou Hu, Lindong Li, Ann-Lii Cheng
Summary: The IMbrave150 trial showed that atezolizumab + bevacizumab is safe and effective in treating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, including those with hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sophia Heinrich, Thomas Austgen, Darko Castven, Moritz Hess, Christian Labenz, Martha Kirstein, Carolin Zimpel, Lena Stockhoff, Benjamin Maasoumy, Bernd Heinrich, Hans Heinrich Wedemeyer, Peter Robert Galle, Harald Binder, Marc Nguyen-Tat, Jens Uwe Marquardt
Summary: In this study, serum levels of M30 and M65 were found to be able to effectively distinguish responders from non-responders to terlipressin therapy in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and predict dialysis- and liver transplantation (LTX)-free survival.
UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jens Mittler, Stefan Heinrich, Martina Koch, Maria Hoppe-Lotichius, Ali Hadian, Arndt Weinmann, Roman Kloeckner, Peter Robert. Galle, Hauke Lang
Summary: In a study of nearly 100 elderly patients undergoing LT for cirrhosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma, it was found that patients aged 65 and older can benefit from LT, with outcomes comparable to younger patients.
Article
Oncology
Masatoshi Kudo, Richard S. S. Finn, Peter R. R. Galle, Andrew X. X. Zhu, Michel Ducreux, Ann-Lii Cheng, Masafumi Ikeda, Kaoru Tsuchiya, Ken-ichi Aoki, Jing Jia, Riccardo Lencioni
Summary: The study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab + bevacizumab treatment in patients with baseline BCLC Stage B hepatocellular carcinoma, consistent with the overall study population.
Article
Oncology
Masatoshi Kudo, Richard S. Finn, Ann-Lii Cheng, Andrew X. Zhu, Michel Ducreux, Peter R. Galle, Naoya Sakamoto, Naoya Kato, Michitaka Nakano, Jing Jia, Arndt Vogel
Summary: This exploratory analysis examined the prognostic impact of baseline albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab + bevacizumab or sorafenib. The study found that atezolizumab + bevacizumab improved overall survival and progression-free survival compared to sorafenib in patients with ALBI score of 1, but not in patients with ALBI score of 2. ALBI grade appeared to be prognostic for outcomes in both treatment groups.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Simon J. Gairing, Eva M. Schleicher, Peter R. Galle, Christian Labenz
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a significant complication of liver cirrhosis with detrimental effects on patients' quality of life. Identifying high-risk patients and implementing early prevention is crucial. Cognitive tests, composite scores, and blood-based biomarkers have shown promise in predicting the first-time occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy. However, the evidence for primary prophylaxis is limited.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Omar Hahad, Donya A. Gilan, Julian Chalabi, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Alexander K. Schuster, Felix Wicke, Matthias Buettner, Oliver Tuescher, Karl J. Lackner, Peter R. Galle, Stavros Konstantinides, Andreas Daiber, Philipp S. Wild, Thomas Muenzel
Summary: This study aims to investigate the association between social disadvantage and cardiovascular burden and mortality. The findings suggest that low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, with education and occupation being stronger predictors compared to household net income.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiemo Sven Gerber, Hagen Roland Witzel, Arndt Weinmann, Fabian Bartsch, Mario Schindeldecker, Peter R. Galle, Hauke Lang, Wilfried Roth, Dirk Andreas Ridder, Beate Katharina Straub
Summary: This study investigated the levels of 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE) in liver carcinomas and analyzed their correlation with clinical data and survival outcomes. The results showed that lower levels of 4-HNE were associated with unfavorable survival outcomes and aggressive tumor behavior in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), 4-HNE levels were not correlated with prognostic parameters or survival outcomes.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Natascha Roehlen, Fabian Stoehr, Lukas Mueller, Hendrik Luxenburger, Simon J. Gairing, Marlene Reincke, Michael Schultheiss, Floriona Berisha, Arndt Weinmann, Friedrich Foerster, Jens U. Marquardt, Robert Thimme, Peter R. Galle, Dominik Bettinger, Roman Kloeckner
Summary: This study demonstrates that tumor size and absence of liver cirrhosis are predictors of severe postembolization syndrome (PES) in HCC patients after TACE and are associated with poor prognosis.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Simon Johannes Gairing, Leonard Kaps, Eva Maria Schleicher, Peter Robert Galle, Christian Labenz
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Janina Sollors, Andreas Teufel, Christoph Antoni, Matthias Ebert, Svetlana Hetjens, Yuquan Qian, Bernhard Schlevogt, Marcus-Alexander Woerns, Peter Galle, Cleo-Aron Weis, Raoul Bergner
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yvonne Huber, Andreas Schulz, Irene Schmidtmann, Manfred Beutel, Norbert Pfeiffer, Thomas Munzel, Peter R. Galle, Philipp S. Wild, Karl J. Lackner, Jorn M. Schattenberg
Summary: This study explores liver enzymes and surrogate scores of hepatic steatosis and advanced hepatic fibrosis in the German population. The findings show that elevated liver enzymes were seen in almost a fifth of the German population, and the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was estimated at 1%.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)