Article
Neurosciences
Kristina G. Witcher, Chelsea E. Bray, Titikorn Chunchai, Fangli Zhao, Shane M. O'Neil, Alan J. Gordillo, Warren A. Campbell, Daniel B. McKim, Xiaoyu Liu, Julia E. Dziabis, Ning Quan, Daniel S. Eiferman, Andy J. Fischer, Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran, Candice Askwith, Jonathan P. Godbout
Summary: Traumatic brain injury can lead to significant neuropsychiatric problems and neurodegenerative pathologies that last for years. This study showed that microglia play a crucial role in acute and chronic stages of TBI, influencing inflammation and neuropathology development, which in turn affect neuronal homeostasis and behavioral outcomes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Developmental Biology
Lindsey C. Mehl, Amritha Manjally, Ouzena Bouadi, Erin M. Gibson, Tuan Leng Tay
Summary: Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system, have been found to play significant roles in brain development and tissue repair. In addition to their function as immune cells, microglia also modulate the development and functions of neurons and glial cells through interactions.
Review
Cell Biology
Ming Zhao, Xue-Fan Jiang, Hui-Qin Zhang, Jia-Hui Sun, Hui Pei, Li-Na Ma, Yu Cao, Hao Li
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with no satisfying curative therapies currently available. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier contributes to the onset and progression of AD, yet the pathogenesis caused by BBB injury remains unclear. Glial cells play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of BBB and neuronal function.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Rodrigo G. Mira, Matias Lira, Waldo Cerpa
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that causes brain damage due to external forces, leading to CNS damage under various mechanisms. Glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes play crucial roles in response to TBI, affecting neuronal damage and pathophysiology.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Zoe Schmal, Ben Hammer, Andreas Mueller, Claudia E. Ruebe
Summary: Despite advances in hippocampus-sparing radiation therapy, radiation-induced injury to the neural stem cell compartment may impact neurocognitive functions. Low doses of ionizing radiation induced inflammatory responses in the hippocampus, with activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, suggesting a shift from neurogenesis to gliogenesis. These findings emphasize the importance of limiting radiation dose to preserve neurocognitive functions, particularly in the juvenile hippocampus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Shu-Han Liu, Yang Du, Lei Chen, Yong Cheng
Summary: This review provides an overview of the structural changes of glial cells in major psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The findings suggest that astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes exhibit specific patterns of changes in each disease.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
C. R. DeJulius, A. Bernardo-Colon, S. Naguib, J. R. Backstrom, T. Kavanaugh, M. K. Gupta, C. L. Duvall, T. S. Rex
Summary: The study compared two polymeric microparticle formulations for sustained release of EPO-R76E, demonstrating their potential therapeutic benefits in treating optic nerve injuries.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hongjie Wang, Dinesh Devadoss, Madhavan Nair, Hitendra S. Chand, Madepalli K. Lakshmana
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and the IQCK gene has been identified as a potential risk gene. This study found that IQCK is expressed in neurons and other brain cells, but not in microglial cells. Moreover, the protein levels of IQCK were increased in AD brains compared to normal brains, and IQCK was found in amyloid plaques.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mario Villa-Gonzalez, Gerardo Martin-Lopez, Maria Jose Perez-Alvarez
Summary: This review provides recent data on the role of mTOR kinase in the brain under physiological conditions and after damage, focusing on cerebral ischemia. It covers the upstream and downstream pathways regulating mTOR complex activation and summarizes recent advances in understanding mTORC1 and mTORC2 status in ischemia-hypoxia at tissue and cellular levels, particularly in glial and neural cells. The potential use of mTORC1 and mTORC2 as therapeutic targets after stroke is also discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Xinxin Yu, Shihao Wang, Wenzheng Wu, Hongyuan Chang, Pufan Shan, Lin Yang, Wenjie Zhang, Xiaoyu Wang
Summary: Depression is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent depressed mood, pain and despair, pessimism and anxiety, and even suicidal tendencies. It is often associated with the development of other diseases and is believed to be influenced by genetic, psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Recent evidence suggests that viral infections may play a role in the development of depression by affecting glial cells and leading to neuroinflammation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Gerard Muntane, Marc Chillida, Selena Aranda, Arcadi Navarro, Elisabet Vilella
Summary: The study confirmed that DDR1 is coexpressed with oligodendrocyte- and myelin-related genes in the human brain but suggests that DDR1 may contribute mainly to SCZ risk through its role in other glial cell types, such as astrocytes.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Claudia Alia, Daniele Cangi, Verediana Massa, Marco Salluzzo, Livia Vignozzi, Matteo Caleo, Cristina Spalletti
Summary: Ischemic damage in brain tissue leads to plastic changes in cell-to-cell interactions, influencing a wide range of molecular and structural interactions. Understanding and manipulating these intercellular connections is crucial for post-stroke neurorehabilitation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Victoria Mihailova, Irina I. Stoyanova, Anton B. Tonchev
Summary: Glial cells play an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis and promoting neuronal repair. They can have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects and regulate processes such as neurogenesis, differentiation, and migration. Understanding the regulation of adult neurogenesis holds potential for treating neurological disorders.
Article
Neurosciences
Kalee N. Holloway, James C. Douglas, Tonya M. Rafferty, Ania K. Majewska, Cynthia J. M. Kane, Paul D. Drew
Summary: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. This study investigates the transcriptomic changes in the cerebellum of postnatal mice exposed to ethanol for 1 or 2 days, shedding light on early changes associated with FASD. Ethanol exposure alters pathways related to immune function, cytokine signaling, and the cell cycle. It also affects the expression of genes associated with neurodegenerative microglia and reactive astrocytes. These findings improve our understanding of FASD mechanisms and may contribute to the development of new interventions and therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer Enrich-Bengoa, Gemma Manich, Irene R. Degano, Alex Peralvarez-Marin
Summary: This study identified molecules associated with demyelinating disorders and multiple sclerosis through transcriptomic analysis, and discovered the interaction and related genes between microglia and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. This research provides clues for further study on the treatment of demyelinating disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Liga Zvejniece, Gundega Stelfa, Edijs Vavers, Einars Kupats, Janis Kuka, Baiba Svalbe, Baiba Zvejniece, Christiane Albert-Weissenberger, Anna-Leena Siren, Nikolaus Plesnila, Maija Dambrova
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hannelore Ehrenreich, Karin Weissenborn, Martin Begemann, Markus Busch, Eduard Vieta, Kamilla W. Miskowiak
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hannelore Ehrenreich, Justus Wilke, Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian Stetter, Simon Lopez-Caperuchipi, Sarah Hopp-Kraemer, Michael Bieber, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Anna-Leena Siren, Christiane Albert-Weissenberger
Summary: Deficiency in FXII is associated with efficient post-traumatic behavioral and neuroendocrine recovery, characterized by improved cognitive and behavioral outcomes, as well as lower corticosterone levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar, Vinicius Daguano Gastaldi, Jan Seidel, Albert Rosenberger, Martin Begemann, Hannelore Ehrenreich
Summary: Accumulation of early-life environmental risks, including cannabis and alcohol, strongly predicts the development of polytoxicomania, while genetic predisposition to this condition remains largely unexplored.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Martin Pauli, Mila M. Paul, Sven Proppert, Achmed Mrestani, Marzieh Sharifi, Felix Repp, Lydia Kuerzinger, Philip Kollmannsberger, Markus Sauer, Manfred Heckmann, Anna-Leena Siren
Summary: Researchers have developed a targeted volumetric dSTORM technique to image large hippocampal mossy fiber boutons in brain slices, identifying synaptic targets of individual boutons and measuring size and density of Bassoon clusters within each untruncated MF bouton at nanoscopic resolution.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Simon Lopez-Caperuchipi, Lydia Kuerzinger, Sarah Hopp-Kraemer, Christiane Albert-Weissenberger, Mila M. Paul, Anna-Leena Siren, Christian Stetter
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with sustained attention and memory deficits. Persisting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration post-TBI may contribute to psychomotor dysfunction. The study found deficits in learning and memory in male mice three months after injury, correlating with severity of initial trauma. Analysis of brain cellular reactions showed persistent microgliosis and astrogliosis in defined regions, indicating a role of inflammatory reactions in posttraumatic memory deficits.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Judith Weiland, Alexandra Beez, Thomas Westermaier, Ekkehard Kunze, Anna-Leena Siren, Nadine Lilla
Summary: This article reviews the role of neuroinflammation, thromboinflammation, and metabolism in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and suggests potential neuroprotective strategies targeting these mechanisms to prevent secondary brain injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefanie Schwinn, Zeinab Mokhtari, Sina Thusek, Theresa Schneider, Anna-Leena Siren, Nicola Tiemeyer, Ignazio Caruana, Evelina Miele, Paul G. Schlegel, Andreas Beilhack, Matthias Woelfl
Summary: The combination of gemcitabine and axitinib shows high cytotoxicity and good tolerability in treating group 3 medulloblastoma, presenting a potential new approach for high-risk patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Begemann, Oliver Gross, Dominik Wincewicz, Ruediger Hardeland, Vinicius Daguano Gastaldi, Eduard Vieta, Karin Weissenborn, Kamilla W. Miskowiak, Onnen Moerer, Hannelore Ehrenreich
Summary: The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 since fall 2019 has caused a major pandemic, with severe COVID-19 patients experiencing multiple organ failure and grave neuropsychiatric manifestations. The development of vaccines has shown promise, but few effective treatment options have emerged to modify the course and outcome of COVID-19. Substituting erythropoietin may help overcome the 'hypoxia paradox' and improve survival and functional status of patients with severe COVID-19.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Achmed Mrestani, Martin Pauli, Philip Kollmannsberger, Felix Repp, Robert J. Kittel, Jens Eilers, Soren Doose, Markus Sauer, Anna-Leena Siren, Manfred Heckmann, Mila M. Paul
Summary: During PHP, individual AZs undergo compaction without changes in the copy numbers of AZ proteins. This compaction even occurs at the level of Brp subclusters and RBP subclusters, indicating a reorganization of AZ components. Correlative confocal and dSTORM imaging shows apparent increases in AZ area and Brp protein content during PHP.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hannelore Ehrenreich, Laura Fernandez Garcia-Agudo, Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar, Justus B. H. Wilke, Umer Javed Butt
Summary: Executive functions, learning, attention, and processing speed are important aspects of cognitive performance, which can be affected in neuropsychiatric disorders. Studies have shown that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) can improve cognitive abilities and reduce brain matter loss. The administration of rhEPO leads to an increase in pyramidal neurons and oligodendrocytes, while decreasing the number and activity of microglia. This process promotes neurogenesis and increases dendritic spine density, which may contribute to improved cognitive function.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Katharina Lichter, Mila Marie Paul, Martin Pauli, Susanne Schoch, Philip Kollmannsberger, Christian Stigloher, Manfred Heckmann, Anna-Leena Siren
Summary: RIM1a is crucial for the architecture of synaptic vesicles and vesicle pool organization in MFBs. In RIM1a-/-, the size of active zones is larger, the number of tightly docked vesicles is reduced, and the synaptic cleft is wider. Additionally, the organization of the vesicle pool is more heterogeneous.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Achmed Mrestani, Katharina Lichter, Anna-Leena Siren, Manfred Heckmann, Mila M. Paul, Martin Pauli
Summary: This study presents a new method combining high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution (HPF/FS) with direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) to quantify the nanotopology of the AZ scaffold protein Bruchpilot (Brp) at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of Drosophila melanogaster. The method allows for better preservation of the presynaptic bouton structure and quantification of Brp clusters. This standardized protocol could be adapted to study protein arrangements at single-molecule resolution in other intact tissue preparations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sahab Arinrad, Constanze Depp, Sophie B. Siems, Andrew Octavian Sasmita, Maria A. Eichel, Anja Ronnenberg, Kurt Hammerschmidt, Katja A. Lueders, Hauke B. Werner, Hannelore Ehrenreich, Klaus-Armin Nave
Summary: The study shows that structural defects of intracortical myelin associated with neuroinflammation are key features of advanced brain aging. A mouse model with similar pathology exhibits behavioral abnormalities, but cognitive assessment is challenging due to motor-sensory functions. However, mice lacking Plp1 gene in ventricular zone stem cells exhibit subtle myelin defects only in certain brain regions and show no basic motor-sensory performance impairments. Interestingly, novel behavioral paradigms reveal catatonia-like symptoms and executive dysfunction.