Prevalence and factors associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation among community-dwelling older people in Japan

ObjectiveThis study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation among community-dwelling older people. BackgroundXerostomia and hyposalivation are common symptoms in the older population. Materials and methodsThis study included with 894 community-dwelling, Japanese older people (355 men, 539 women; age 65-84years) who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination, which included questionnaires and interviews regarding medical history, medications, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC), depressive condition. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was used to evaluate depression. Resting salivary flow rate was evaluated by the modified cotton roll method. ResultsIn this study, 34.8% of the participants (mean age, 73.55.0years) complained about xerostomia, while the prevalence of hyposalivation was 11.5%. Multiple regression analysis revealed hypnotics use [odds ratio (OR)=1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-2.61], SDS (OR=1.05, CI=1.04-1.07) and TMIG-IC total points (OR=0.87, CI=0.76-0.99) to be significantly associated with xerostomia. In contrast, female gender (OR=2.59, CI=1.55-4.31) and the use of agents affecting digestive organs (OR=1.78, CI=1.11-2.86) were associated with hyposalivation. ConclusionOur findings showed that the prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation were approximately 1 in 3 and 1 in 10 respectively. The factors associated with psychological factors and high-level functional competence, while hyposalivation was associated with medications and gender, as well as systemic and/or metabolic differences. It is important to consider these multidimensional factors associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation.