Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Therese Handel Waggestad, Bjorn Eivind Kirsebom, Carsten Strobel, Anders Wallin, Marie Eckerstrom, Tormod Fladby, Jens Egeland
Summary: This study compared two versions of the Trail Making Test (TMT), one with alphabet support and one without. The results showed no significant differences between the two samples in TMT-A, TMT-B, or the ratio score (TMT-B:A) after adjusting for age and education. This suggests that alphabet support does not affect TMT's ability to measure set-shifting in older Scandinavian adults.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shamay S. M. Ng, Tai-Wa Liu, Joshua Tsoh, Peiming Chen, Tony S. Cheng, Marco C. H. Cheung, Anthony H. H. Leung, Liam L. Y. Ng, Ken Y. K. So, Mimi M. Y. Tse
Summary: This study investigated the reliability and validity of the trail walking test (TWT) in evaluating dual-tasking ambulation ability in people with stroke. The results showed that the TWT had excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability, and its completion time was correlated with stroke-specific impairments. The study also identified a cutoff TWT completion time that effectively distinguished between stroke patients and healthy older adults.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ignacio Linari, Gustavo E. Juantorena, Agustin Ibanez, Agustin Petroni, Juan E. Kamienkowski
Summary: The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a widely used neuropsychological test for assessing executive functions (EFs). While it has strengths such as sensitivity to executive dysfunction, ease of understanding, and short administration, it also has limitations including low specificity, high variability in the pen-and-paper version, and lack of detailed analysis. To overcome these limitations, we designed a computerized version of the TMT and evaluated it in neurotypical adults. Our results showed similar performance profiles to the traditional TMT, revealed differences in eye movements, and identified internal measures of working memory and inhibitory control. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining traditional tests with digital setups for studying executive functions in more detail. The computerized TMT also showed promise for use in older adult populations and patients with EFs disorders.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Niccolo Pancino, Caterina Graziani, Veronica Lachi, Maria Lucia Sampoli, Emanuel Stefanescu, Monica Bianchini, Giovanna Maria Dimitri
Summary: The study aims to explore the detection of neuropathological syndromes and differentiate between individuals with chronic pain, extrapyramidal patients and healthy controls through eye-tracking technology and data analysis from visual sequential search tests. Statistical tests, novel indicators, and deep learning techniques are used to classify the three patient groups effectively. Preliminary experiments show promising results.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hiroyuki Suzuki, Naoko Sakuma, Momoko Kobayashi, Susumu Ogawa, Hiroki Inagaki, Ayako Edahiro, Chiaki Ura, Mika Sugiyama, Fumiko Miyamae, Yutaka Watanabe, Shoji Shinkai, Shuichi Awata
Summary: This study examined the completion rate and completion time of the Trail Making Test among urban community-dwelling older adults in Japan. The results showed that completion time was associated with age, education, and general cognitive function.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhongmin Lin, Fred Tam, Nathan W. Churchill, Fa-Hsuan Lin, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Tom A. Schweizer, Simon J. Graham
Summary: The study examined the Trail Making Test (TMT) performance using a touch-sensitive tablet and EEG recordings in healthy young adults. The results showed significant effects of TMT Parts A and B on the time spent per link, as well as robust EEG effects in various frequency bands during linking and non-linking periods.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Hom-Yi Lee, Sheng-Hui Yang, Ji-Nan Sheu, Jeng-Dau Tsai
Summary: The study used the Chinese character fluency test to measure the word recognition and reading comprehension of TSC children. Results showed differences in reading ability based on intellectual level, with statistically significant differences in reading accuracy and fluency. The study suggests that all individuals with TSC, particularly those with below average intellectual ability, should be considered for potential academic difficulties.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alessia Fumagalli, Clementina Misuraca, Sonia Riva, Luca Soraci, Paolo Fabbietti, Mirko Di Rosa, Andrea Corsonello, Fabrizia Lattanzio, Daniele Colombo
Summary: This study found that executive abilities in COPD patients may be associated with long-term mortality. Deficits in TMT-B were significantly linked to mortality in stable COPD patients.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Antoine Langeard, Marta Maria Torre, Jean-Jacques Temprado
Summary: This study examined the interference between switching tasks and gait in older adults, with results showing that switching tasks had a significant impact on both gait and cognitive performances, particularly in older-old individuals. The dual-task paradigm used in this study may be a useful tool for detecting cognitive or motor declines associated with aging.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Wei Zhang, Xiaoran Zheng, Zeshen Tang, Haoran Wang, Renren Li, Zengmai Xie, Jiaxin Yan, Xiaochen Zhang, Qing Yu, Fei Wang, Yunxia Li
Summary: This study developed and validated a novel Trail Making Test (TMT) that combines paper and electronic devices for assessing cognitive impairment. The results showed that this model has higher accuracy compared to conventional paper-based feature assessment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuya Sakai, Yuichiro Hosoi, Yusuke Harada
Summary: Previous studies have found a link between executive dysfunction and walking ability, but it is unclear if the severity of executive dysfunction impacts the walking ability of stroke patients. This study aimed to examine differences in walking ability based on executive dysfunction in stroke patients. 51 stroke patients were enrolled and assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT) Part B for executive function and the 10 m walk test and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) for walking ability. Cluster analysis revealed three groups based on TMT Part B performance. Group 1 performed significantly better than Groups 2 and 3, while Group 2 performed significantly better than Group 3. The 10 m walk time and TUGT results were significantly better in Group 1 compared to Group 3. However, there was no significant difference in the 10 m walk time and TUGT results between Groups 1 and 2. In conclusion, these findings suggest that differences in walking ability may be associated with executive dysfunction.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jyotsna Chandrasekharan, Amudha Joseph, Amritanshu Ram, Giandomenico Nollo
Summary: Screening tools are crucial for detecting cognitive impairment due to a shortage of mental health experts. The proposed Eye-Tracking-Based Trail-Making Test (ETMT) utilizes a fuzzy-inference system to calculate comprehensive scores assessing visual search speed and focused attention, and offers a comprehensive understanding of cognitive abilities and identifies potential deficits in various domains. The ETMT model is a potential tool for evaluating cognitive impairment and can capture significant changes in eye movement behavior associated with cognitive impairment.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sara Garcia-Herranz, M. Carmen Diaz-Mardomingo, Juan Carlos Suarez-Falcon, Raquel Rodriguez-Fernandez, Herminia Peraita, Cesar Venero
Summary: This study aimed to provide updated normative data for commonly used tests in neuropsychological assessment applied to older Spanish adults. The normative procedure followed helps to make consistent comparisons when using these tests, improving the interpretation of data and reducing the risk of misdiagnosing cognitive impairment in older adults.
ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yihan Guo
Summary: This study selectively reviewed major variants of the Trail Making Test (TMT) created to address its applicability on non-English speaking populations, including CTT, STT, and language-specific versions of TMT, and drew conclusions on their clinical utility.
APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Thomas J. Klotzbier, Nadja Schott, Quincy J. Almeida
Summary: Most research on Parkinson's disease focuses on describing symptoms and movement characteristics, while studies on early detection and suitable markers for a prodromal stage are lacking. This study evaluated the discriminatory power of the Trail-Walking Test as a potential diagnostic instrument and found that postural instability and gait difficulties could be identified as sensitive biomarkers, aiding in early detection and treatment of Parkinson's disease.