4.4 Article

How Terminology and Definitions in Analytical Geochemistry can Help or Hinder the Development of New Ideas

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GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH
卷 34, 期 4, 页码 317-324

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WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00062.x

关键词

terminology; definitions; metrology; uncertainty; analytical geochemistry; terminologie; definition; metrologie; incertitude; geochimie analytique

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Refining terminology can help the development of new concepts. For example, the definition of the terms bias and precision for the two types of measurement error were useful in the early development of data quality in analytical chemistry. The more recent recognition of uncertainty of measurement has aided the development of further new ideas, such as the fitness-for-purpose of measurements. The wording of the definition of each term needs to be clear and understandable, as well as rigorous, if it is to enable new ideas to be explained to both the research community and to the users of measurements. However, some definitions are identified as cryptic and ambiguous. This inhibits the development of new ideas, and leads to misunderstanding and confusion amongst researchers, students and the wider user community. One possible solution is to have one formal definition that is technically rigorous, and ideally, but not necessarily, widely comprehensible. A second informal definition could also be made that is widely comprehensibility, whilst being consistent with the formal definition. An increased level of discussion and debate is required in the measurement community to resolve the underlying philosophical issues that cause some of the ambiguity in the description of the measurement process. For example, there is a choice to be made between the statistical and the metrological approaches, which result in use of the concepts of either the true value of the analyte concentration, or the measurand.Une mise a jour de la terminologie peut aider au developpement de nouveaux concepts. Par exemple, la definition des termes biais et precision pour les deux types d'erreurs de mesure a ete utile dans les stades precoces du developpement de l'analyse de la qualite des donnees en chimie analytique. La reconnaissance plus recente de l'incertitude de mesure a favorise le developpement de nouvelles idees, telles que l'aptitude a l'usage des mesures. Le libelle de la definition de chaque terme doit etre claire et comprehensible, ainsi que rigoureuse, si elle a pour but d'expliquer de nouvelles idees a la fois la communaute scientifique et aux utilisateurs des mesures. Cependant, certaines definitions sont identifies comme enigmatique et ambigue. Ceci empeche le developpement de nouvelles idees, et conduit a l'incomprehension et la confusion parmi les chercheurs, les etudiants et la communaute plus large d'utilisateurs. Une solution possible est d'avoir une definition formelle qui est techniquement rigoureuse et, idealement, mais pas necessairement, largement comprehensible. Une deuxieme definition informelle qui est largement comprehensible peut aussi etre proposee, tout en etant compatible avec la definition formelle. Une augmentation du niveau de la discussion et du debat est necessaire dans la communaute s'occupant des mesures afin de resoudre les problemes philosophiques sous-jacents qui causent une certaine ambiguite dans la description du processus de mesure. Par exemple, il y a un choix a faire entre les statistiques et les approches de metrologie, qui aboutit a l'usage des concepts soit de la valeur reelle de la concentration de l'analyte, ou le mesurande.

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