Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shizhu Wang, Qiang Wang, Qi Shu, Zhenya Song, Gerrit Lohmann, Sergey Danilov, Fangli Qiao
Summary: The freshwater storage capability of the Arctic Ocean varies nonmonotonically with sea ice decline, leading to accumulation of freshwater in the Amerasian Basin and reduction in Eurasian and Amerasian basins. The increase in river runoff modulates the balance between these two effects.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Oceanography
Feili Li, M. Susan Lozier, N. Penny Holliday, William E. Johns, Isabela A. Le Bras, Ben I. Moat, Stuart A. Cunningham, M. Femke de Jong
Summary: Continuous measurements from the OSNAP array provide the first estimates of trans-basin heat and salinity transports in the subpolar latitudes, with the Labrador Sea making significant contributions to salinity and freshwater changes in the region.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shizhu Wang, Qiang Wang, Muyin Wang, Gerrit Lohmann, Fangli Qiao
Summary: This study compares the representation of sea surface salinity and liquid freshwater content in Arctic Ocean simulations from CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. The results show no significant improvement in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5, with overestimation of liquid freshwater content being a common bias in CMIP6. The study also investigates projected changes in freshwater content and budget under different socioeconomic scenarios, showing a trend of increased freshwater sources and a shift from a freshwater sink to a source. The findings highlight the ongoing freshening trend in the Arctic Ocean with implications on its physical and biogeochemical environment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Miguel Gonzalez-Pleiter, David Velazquez, Maria Cristina Casero, Bjorn Tytgat, Elie Verleyen, Francisco Leganes, Roberto Rosal, Antonio Quesada, Francisca Fernandez-Pinas
Summary: The study found that different types of microplastics in the Arctic freshwater lake have complex microbial communities in their plastispheres, showing higher diversity compared to surrounding water and rock microbial communities.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Amy Solomon, Celine Heuze, Benjamin Rabe, Sheldon Bacon, Laurent Bertino, Patrick Heimbach, Jun Inoue, Doroteaciro Iovino, Ruth Mottram, Xiangdong Zhang, Yevgeny Aksenov, Ronan McAdam, An Nguyen, Roshin P. Raj, Han Tang
Summary: The Arctic climate system is undergoing rapid changes, leading to ecosystem changes in the Arctic Ocean. Variability of Arctic freshwater plays a critical role in the Arctic and global climate systems by impacting ocean stratification and sea ice formation or melt. The trend in Arctic freshwater content has stabilized in the 2010s compared to the 2000s, potentially due to increased compensation between different regions of the Arctic Ocean.
Article
Oceanography
T. Karpouzoglou, L. de Steur, L. H. Smedsrud, H. Sumata
Summary: The study indicates that the increased liquid fresh water transport (FWT) between 2010 and 2015 in the East Greenland Current (EGC) has not continued, but instead decreased to pre-2009 levels. Additionally, there was a decrease in FWT in the Polar Water (PW) between 2015 and 2019, with occasional high FWT events in 2017. The reduced salt transport independent of reference salinity is related to a slowdown of the EGC.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Walter Geibert, Jens Matthiessen, Ingrid Stimac, Jutta Wollenburg, Ruediger Stein
Summary: The study provides evidence for at least two periods in the past when the Arctic Ocean and Nordic seas were covered by an extensive ice shelf and filled with fresh water, causing a widespread absence of thorium-230 in marine sediments. This suggests a revision of sea-level reconstructions may be needed and indicates that large masses of fresh water could be delivered to the North Atlantic Ocean on very short timescales.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Osadchiev, Roman Sedakov, Dmitry Frey, Alexandra Gordey, Vladimir Rogozhin, Zinaida Zabudkina, Eduard Spivak, Ekaterina Kuskova, Andrey Sazhin, Igor Semiletov
Summary: The Kara Sea receives a significant amount of freshwater discharge from the Ob and Yenisei rivers, contributing to the freshwater balance of the Arctic Ocean. In this study, it was found that late autumn convection reduces friction between the freshwater plume and the ocean, allowing it to form a buoyancy-driven coastal current below sea ice. This current transports a large volume of freshwater to the Laptev Sea during the winter months.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Joseph M. Culp, Willem Goedkoop, Tom Christensen, Kirsten S. Christoffersen, Elena Fefilova, Petri Liljaniemi, Anna A. Novichkova, Jon S. Olafsson, Steinar Sandoy, Christian E. Zimmerman, Jennifer Lento
Summary: Climate change is predicted to have dramatic effects on Arctic freshwater ecosystems, but the lack of coordinated monitoring hinders the assessment of biodiversity changes. To address this, the Arctic Council established the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program, which aims to provide a systematic approach to monitor Arctic freshwater biodiversity. This program has compiled data and provided the first assessment of trends in Arctic freshwater biodiversity, serving as an important resource for future monitoring and research.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Sarah M. Laske, Per-Arne Amundsen, Kirsten S. Christoffersen, Jaakko Erkinaro, Gudni Gudbergsson, Brian Hayden, Jani Heino, Kerstin Holmgren, Kimmo K. Kahilainen, Jennifer Lento, Panu Orell, Johan Ostergren, Michael Power, Ruslan Rafikov, Atso Romakkaniemi, Martin-A. Svenning, Heidi Swanson, Matthew Whitman, Christian E. Zimmerman
Summary: This study analyzes the large-scale patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity in the circumpolar Arctic, providing a baseline for improving the monitoring and conservation of Arctic freshwater biodiversity. Future research should fill information gaps and further investigate the observed patterns of diversity due to potential impacts of climate change, land use, and biotic exchange on Arctic fish biodiversity.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Pepijn Bakker
Summary: Climate models predict that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) will slow down in response to future warming and freshening of the North Atlantic Ocean. However, geological data and climate modeling for the past 11,700 years suggest that the sensitivity of AMOC to large freshening of the ocean may be lower than previously assumed.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshiharu Suzuki
Summary: Water can form two different amorphs and undergo a reversible polyamorphic transition with the change in pressure. It has been observed that the reversible liquid-liquid transition between low-density liquid and high-density liquid is a first-order transition.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amir Jazayeri, Adrian D. Werner, Dylan J. Irvine
Summary: This study investigates the transient movement of riparian lenses for the first time, considering a fully penetrating, gaining river and rapid variations in hydraulic boundary conditions. Both numerical and experimental results show that growing lenses involve longer timescales than shrinking lenses. Timescales are more sensitive to the final hydraulic gradient rather than the variation of river water or aquifer hydraulic head. The insights obtained from this study contribute to the understanding of riparian lenses transience and related hydrogeological processes.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xi Chen, Vikina Martinez, Pierre Nacke, Eva Korblova, Atsutaka Manabe, Melanie Klasen-Memmer, Guillaume Freychet, Mikhail Zhernenkov, Matthew A. Glaser, Leo Radzihovsky, Joseph E. Maclennan, David M. Walba, Matthias Bremer, Frank Giesselmann, Noel A. Clark
Summary: The observation of smectic AF phase in liquid crystals, which is characterized by polar, rod-shaped molecules forming layered structures and exhibiting ferroelectric properties, is reported. Two different phase sequences have been observed in binary mixtures of partially fluorinated mesogens.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jesse R. Farmer, Daniel M. Sigman, Julie Granger, Ona M. Underwood, Francois Fripiat, Thomas M. Cronin, Alfredo Martinez-Garcia, Gerald H. Haug
Summary: Salinity-driven density stratification in the upper Arctic Ocean isolates sea-ice cover and surface waters from warmer, nutrient-rich waters below. Recent studies show strengthening stratification in the western Arctic and weakening in the eastern Arctic. Analysis of foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes from sediments reveals past changes in nutrient sources and consumption, impacting stratification patterns over the past 35,000 years.
Article
Oceanography
Kirstin Schulz, Markus Janout, Yueng-Djern Lenn, Eugenio Ruiz-Castillo, Igor Polyakov, Volker Mohrholz, Sandra Tippenhauer, Krissy Anne Reeve, Jens Hoelemann, Benjamin Rabe, Myriel Vredenborg
Summary: This study quantifies oceanic heat fluxes along the continental slope of the Eurasian part of the Arctic Ocean, focusing on the fate of warm Atlantic Water and the observed heat loss of the Arctic Boundary Current (ABC). The results show that mixing with colder water along the continental margins is a significant contribution to AW heat loss, and the importance of both surface warming and increased vertical mixing in a future ice-free Arctic Ocean in summer is highlighted.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
John N. Smith, Michael Karcher, Nuria Casacuberta, William J. Williams, Tim Kenna, William M. Smethie
Summary: I-129 measurements on samples collected during GEOTRACES oceanographic missions in the Arctic Ocean in 2015 provide insights into circulation changes and their impact on I-129 distributions, with simulations supporting this interpretation. Changes in Arctic circulation are revealed by comparisons of I-129 distributions between the mid-1990s and 2015, showing shifts from cyclonic to anticyclonic circulation regimes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Julienne Stroeve, Martin Vancoppenolle, Gaelle Veyssiere, Marion Lebrun, Giulia Castellani, Marcel Babin, Michael Karcher, Jack Landy, Glen E. Liston, Jeremy Wilkinson
Summary: This study examines the impact of Arctic sea ice changes on under-ice light and algae growth, highlighting the importance of snow depth and thin ice fraction in light penetration into the Arctic Ocean. It also suggests a method to map under-ice light using satellite and modeled data, while identifying changing factors in different seasons.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
P. A. Morozov, A. Berkut, P. L. Vorovsky, F. P. Morozov, S. Pisarev
Summary: The article documents the use of portable georadar for measuring the thickness of sea ice. The LOZA georadar, equipped with a transmitter with a pulse power of 1 MW, is able to accurately measure the thickness of both flat and highly deformed ice over large areas. Multiple measurements carried out on the one-year ice of the eastern shelf of Sakhalin Island have shown the device's effectiveness in providing quick and precise measurements with high spatial resolution.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Giulia Castellani, Gaelle Veyssiere, Michael Karcher, Julienne Stroeve, S. Neil Banas, A. Heather Bouman, S. Andrew Brierley, Stacey Connan, Finlo Cottier, Fabian Grosse, Laura Hobbs, Christian Katlein, Bonnie Light, David McKee, Andrew Orkney, Roland Proud, Vibe Schourup-Kristensen
Summary: The Arctic marine ecosystem is heavily influenced by the seasonality of light, which affects its ecological balance. Climate change is predicted to cause future changes in under-ice light, with potential implications for ecosystems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sandy Starkweather, Jan R. Larsen, Eva Kruemmel, Hajo Eicken, David Arthurs, Alice C. Bradley, Nikoosh Carlo, Tom Christensen, Raychelle Daniel, Finn Danielsen, Sarah Kalhok, Michael Karcher, Margareta Johansson, Halldor Johannsson, Yuji Kodama, Sten Lund, Maribeth S. Murray, Tuukka Petaja, Peter L. Pulsifer, Stein Sandven, Ravi D. Sankar, Mikko Strahlendorff, Jeremy Wilkinson
Summary: Arctic observing and data systems are crucial for decision making and understanding, but face coordination challenges. Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) aims to address this by developing a comprehensive strategic plan.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marcel Nicolaus, Donald K. Perovich, Gunnar Spreen, Mats A. Granskog, Luisa von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, Philipp Anhaus, Stefanie Arndt, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Gerit Birnbaum, Joerg Brauchle, Radiance Calmer, Estel Cardellach, Bin Cheng, David Clemens-Sewall, Ruzica Dadic, Ellen Damm, Gijs de Boer, Oguz Demir, Klaus Dethloff, Dmitry Divine, Allison A. Fong, Steven Fons, Markus M. Frey, Niels Fuchs, Carolina Gabarro, Sebastian Gerland, Helge F. Goessling, Rolf Gradinger, Jari Haapala, Christian Haas, Jonathan Hamilton, Henna-Reetta Hannula, Stefan Hendricks, Andreas Herber, Celine Heuze, Mario Hoppmann, Knut Vilhelm Hoyland, Marcus Huntemann, Jennifer K. Hutchings, Byongjun Hwang, Polona Itkin, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Matthias Jaggi, Arttu Jutila, Lars Kaleschke, Christian Katlein, Nikolai Kolabutin, Daniela Krampe, Steen Savstrup Kristensen, Thomas Krumpen, Nathan Kurtz, Astrid Lampert, Benjamin Allen Lange, Ruibo Lei, Bonnie Light, Felix Linhardt, Glen E. Liston, Brice Loose, Amy R. Macfarlane, Mallik Mahmud, Ilkka O. Matero, Anne Morgenstern, Reza Naderpour, Vishnu Nandan, Alexey Niubom, Marc Oggier, Natascha Oppelt, Christophe Perron, Tomasz Petrovsky, Roberta Pirazzini, Chris Polashenski, Benjamin Rabe, Ian A. Raphael, Julia Regnery, Markus Rex, Robert Ricker, Kathrin Riemann-Campe, Annette Rinke, Jan Rohde, Evgenii Salganik, Randall K. Scharien, Martin Schiller, Martin Schneebeli, Maximilian Semmling, Egor Shimanchuk, Matthew D. Shupe, Madison M. Smith, Vasily Smolyanitsky, Vladimir Sokolov, Tim Stanton, Julienne Stroeve, Linda Thielke, Anna Timofeeva, Rasmus Tage Tonboe, Aikaterini Tavri, Michel Tsamados, David N. Wagner, Daniel Watkins, Melinda Webster, Manfred Wendisch
Summary: This study conducted year-round observations of the physical properties and processes of snow and ice in the Arctic Ocean, aiming to understand the interaction between the ice pack, atmosphere, and ocean. The results showed that the spatial variability of snow is crucial for understanding snow-related feedback processes, and the ice pack undergoes rapid transformations and motions during drift. These findings are important for improving climate models and validating remote sensing methods.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Benjamin Rabe, Celine Heuze, Julia Regnery, Yevgeny Aksenov, Jacob Allerholt, Marylou Athanase, Youcheng Bai, Chris Basque, Dorothea Bauch, Till M. Baumann, Dake Chen, Sylvia T. Cole, Lisa Craw, Andrew Davies, Ellen Damm, Klaus Dethloff, Dmitry Divine, Francesca Doglioni, Falk Ebert, Ying-Chih Fang, Ilker Fer, Allison A. Fong, Rolf Gradinger, Mats A. Granskog, Rainer Graupner, Christian Haas, Hailun He, Yan He, Mario Hoppmann, Markus Janout, David Kadko, Torsten Kanzow, Salar Karam, Yusuke Kawaguchi, Zoe Koenig, Bin Kong, Richard A. Krishfield, Thomas Krumpen, David Kuhlmey, Ivan Kuznetsov, Musheng Lan, Georgi Laukert, Ruibo Lei, Tao Li, Lina Lin, Long Lin, Hailong Liu, Na Liu, Brice Loose, Xiaobing Ma, Rosalie McKay, Maria Mallet, Robbie D. C. Mallett, Wieslaw Maslowski, Christian Mertens, Volker Mohrholz, Morven Muilwijk, Marcel Nicolaus, Jeffrey K. O'Brien, Donald Perovich, Jian Ren, Markus Rex, Natalia Ribeiro, Annette Rinke, Janin Schaffer, Ingo Schuffenhauer, Kirstin Schulz, Matthew D. Shupe, William Shaw, Vladimir Sokolov, Anja Sommerfeld, Gunnar Spreen, Timothy Stanton, Mark Stephens, Jie Su, Natalia Sukhikh, Arild Sundfjord, Karolin Thomisch, Sandra Tippenhauer, John M. Toole, Myriel Vredenborg, Maren Walter, Hangzhou Wang, Lei Wang, Yuntao Wang, Manfred Wendisch, Jinping Zhao, Meng Zhou, Jialiang Zhu
Summary: This paper introduces the significance and observations of the physical oceanography program in the MOSAiC project, aiming to study the Arctic Ocean system in detail. The team conducted measurements in various forms and presented the changes in the water column along the drift, contributing to a better understanding of the seasonal evolution of the Arctic Ocean. This project is the most comprehensive program ever conducted over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew D. Shupe, Markus Rex, Byron Blomquist, P. Ola G. Persson, Julia Schmale, Taneil Uttal, Dietrich Althausen, Helene Angot, Stephen Archer, Ludovic Bariteau, Ivo Beck, John Bilberry, Silvia Bucci, Clifton Buck, Matt Boyer, Zoe Brasseur, Ian M. Brooks, Radiance Calmer, John Cassano, Vagner Castro, David Chu, David Costa, Christopher J. Cox, Jessie Creamean, Susanne Crewell, Sandro Dahlke, Ellen Damm, Gijs de Boer, Holger Deckelmann, Klaus Dethloff, Marina Duetsch, Kerstin Ebell, Andre Ehrlich, Jody Ellis, Ronny Engelmann, Allison A. Fong, Markus M. Frey, Michael R. Gallagher, Laurens Ganzeveld, Rolf Gradinger, Juergen Graeser, Vernon Greenamyer, Hannes Griesche, Steele Griffiths, Jonathan Hamilton, Guenther Heinemann, Detlev Helmig, Andreas Herber, Celine Heuze, Julian Hofer, Todd Houchens, Dean Howard, Jun Inoue, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Ralf Jaiser, Tuija Jokinen, Olivier Jourdan, Gina Jozef, Wessley King, Amelie Kirchgaessner, Marcus Klingebiel, Misha Krassovski, Thomas Krumpen, Astrid Lampert, William Landing, Tiia Laurila, Dale Lawrence, Michael Lonardi, Brice Loose, Christof Luepkes, Maximilian Maahn, Andreas Macke, Wieslaw Maslowski, Christopher Marsay, Marion Maturilli, Mario Mech, Sara Morris, Manuel Moser, Marcel Nicolaus, Paul Ortega, Jackson Osborn, Falk Paetzold, Donald K. Perovich, Tuukka Petaja, Christian Pilz, Roberta Pirazzini, Kevin Posman, Heath Powers, Kerri A. Pratt, Andreas Preusser, Lauriane Quelever, Martin Radenz, Benjamin Rabe, Annette Rinke, Torsten Sachs, Alexander Schulz, Holger Siebert, Tercio Silva, Amy Solomon, Anja Sommerfeld, Gunnar Spreen, Mark Stephens, Andreas Stohl, Gunilla Svensson, Janek Uin, Juarez Viegas, Christiane Voigt, Peter von der Gathen, Birgit Wehner, Jeffrey M. Welker, Manfred Wendisch, Martin Werner, ZhouQing Xie, Fange Yue
Summary: With the Arctic rapidly changing, there is a crucial need to observe, understand, and model these changes. The MOSAiC expedition successfully documented and characterized various aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system through a comprehensive observational program. The observations revealed the significant influence of atmospheric variability and highlighted the higher temperatures and moisture near the sea ice edge during summer. The obtained data will support further research and modeling capabilities in the Arctic.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gaelle Veyssiere, Giulia Castellani, Jeremy Wilkinson, Michael Karcher, Alexander Hayward, Julienne C. Stroeve, Marcel Nicolaus, Joo-Hong Kim, Eun-Jin Yang, Lovro Valcic, Frank Kauker, Alia L. Khan, Indea Rogers, Jinyoung Jung
Summary: The Arctic is experiencing a shift from thick multi-year ice to thinner first-year ice, which has implications for light transmission and biological activity. In late summer, two different states of first-year ice exist in the region: decayed and robust, each with different characteristics. Additionally, all ice types show consistently low salinity, chlorophyll a concentrations, and nutrients.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Yusuke Kawaguchi, Zoe Koenig, Daiki Nomura, Mario Hoppmann, Jun Inoue, Ying-Chih Fang, Kirstin Schulz, Michael Gallagher, Christian Katlein, Marcel Nicolaus, Benjamin Rabe
Summary: This study examines the mixing processes and sea ice drift in the ice-ocean boundary layer (IOBL) near the geographic North Pole. Measurements of ice motion, currents, hydrography, and turbulence were conducted to quantify the transport of momentum, heat, and salt in the IOBL. The study provides important insights into Arctic climate change.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Luyuan Zhang, Xiaolin Hou, Justin P. Gwynn, Michael Karcher, Ning Chen, Yukun Fan, Qi Liu
Summary: The study investigated the spatial distributions of anthropogenic 129I and natural 127I species in the upper central Arctic Ocean. It was found that the ratios of reductive iodide (I-) to oxidative iodate (IO-3) varied in different regions, with higher concentrations and ratios observed over certain ridges. Along the main transport pathway of Atlantic water, the ratios gradually decreased, indicating the slow oxidation of I- back to IO-3. This research provides insights into the marine geochemical cycling of iodine and highlights the potential of iodine species, particularly 129I, as indicators of changes in surface water redox conditions in the Arctic Ocean due to climate change.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Francesca Doglioni, Robert Ricker, Benjamin Rabe, Alexander Barth, Charles Troupin, Torsten Kanzow
Summary: Satellite altimetry missions have provided a new dataset of sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic velocity in the Arctic Ocean. The dataset incorporates both ice-covered and open ocean areas, allowing for the study of large-scale circulation and regionally confined boundary currents. The data is available in netCDF format from PANGAEA.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mario Hoppmann, Ivan Kuznetsov, Ying-Chih Fang, Benjamin Rabe
Summary: This article presents a unique observational dataset of upper ocean temperature and salinity collected by buoys installed on ice floes in the Arctic. The dataset fills knowledge gaps regarding mesoscale and smaller-scale processes and has the potential to contribute to submesoscale process studies. It is expected to provide significant insights into ocean processes and contribute to the validation of high-resolution numerical simulations.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruibo Lei, Bin Cheng, Mario Hoppmann, Fanyi Zhang, Guangyu Zuo, Jennifer K. Hutchings, Long Lin, Musheng Lan, Hangzhou Wang, Julia Regnery, Thomas Krumpen, Jari Haapala, Benjamin Rabe, Donald K. Perovich, Marcel Nicolaus
Summary: By analyzing buoy data, we revealed four stages of sea ice seasonality and timing in the Arctic, as well as the processes of ice growth and melting. The findings are crucial for future studies on Arctic sea ice.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
