Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Shantong Sun, Andrew F. Thompson, Shang-Ping Xie, Shang-Min Long
Summary: The reorganization of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) leads to interbasin heat transport, which redistributes heat between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific basins. This transient response plays a key role in the global ocean heat budget, especially in a changing climate.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jing Sun, Mojib Latif, Wonsun Park
Summary: This study examines the Atlantic decadal-to-bidecadal variability (ADV) using the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). ADV is the second most dominant mode of long-term North Atlantic variability in the simulation, driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation. The ADV is characterized by a mixed oceanic gyre-overturning circulation mode, initially showing a tripolar structure in the SST anomalies associated with gyre circulation, but transitioning into a monopolar pattern in the subpolar North Atlantic due to overturning circulation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Oscar Dimdore-Miles, Lesley Gray, Scott Osprey, Jon Robson, Rowan Sutton, Bablu Sinha
Summary: Variations in the strength of the Northern Hemisphere winter polar stratospheric vortex can influence surface variability in the Atlantic sector. This study explores the interaction between stratospheric vortex variability and ocean circulation on decadal to multi-decadal timescales. The results show that persistent anomalous vortex behavior leads to oscillatory responses in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and AMOC variations on longer timescales can impact the vortex response through the equatorial Pacific and quasi-biennial oscillation. Moreover, the study estimates that around 30% of the recent negative trend in AMOC observations may be attributed to the 8-year SSW hiatus in the 1990s.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leon Chafik, N. Penny Holliday, Sheldon Bacon, Jonathan A. Baker, Damien Desbruyeres, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Laura C. Jackson
Summary: The overturning circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is crucial for Earth's climate variability and change. Based on observations, the recent warming in the eastern SPNA since 2016 is primarily caused by increased western boundary density at the intergyre boundary, which is likely a response to the strong increase in the North Atlantic Oscillation since the early 2010s. These positive density anomalies spread southward along the western boundary, enhancing the North Atlantic Current and meridional heat transport, leading to an increased influx of subtropical heat into the eastern SPNA.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. Caesar, G. D. McCarthy, D. J. R. Thornalley, N. Cahill, S. Rahmstorf
Summary: Research shows that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation has undergone different stages of evolution, gradually weakening from a relatively stable period to the weakest state in recent decades.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Maria J. Molina, Aixue Hu, Gerald A. Meehl
Summary: Consequences of an AMOC slowdown or collapse could include changes to ENSO and the development of PMOC. However, our understanding of the influence of AMOC and PMOC on ENSO and global SSTs is limited. This study found that an AMOC shutdown leads to a decrease in tropical Pacific SSTs and an increase in ENSO amplitude, while active deep overturning circulations in both the Atlantic and Pacific basins reduce ENSO amplitude globally. The underlying mechanisms driving these changes differ depending on PMOC state.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Marius Arthun, Robert C. J. Wills, Helen L. Johnson, Leon Chafik, Helene R. Langehaug
Summary: This study isolates the mechanisms driving North Atlantic SST variability on decadal time scales and identifies a dominant 13-18 year decadal mode of atmosphere-ocean variability in the region. Large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies drive SST anomalies through air-sea heat fluxes and delayed ocean circulation changes, consistent with westward propagation of baroclinic Rossby waves.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. C. H. Chiang, W. Cheng, W. M. Kim, S. Kim
Summary: The relationship between Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability and high-latitude North Atlantic buoyancy changes is influenced by both driving and responding roles of temperature and salinity. Analysis of control simulations reveals that North Atlantic buoyancy-forced AMOC variability is present in both oscillatory and red-noise regimes, with the latter showing weaker buoyancy-driven AMOC changes and additional multidecadal/centennial AMOC behavior unrelated to North Atlantic buoyancy forcing.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiechun Deng, Aiguo Dai
Summary: The study shows that sea ice-air interactions are crucial for multidecadal climate variability in both the Arctic and North Atlantic. By amplifying multidecadal variations in sea-ice cover, sea surface temperatures, and surface air temperature, sea ice-air interactions mainly affect the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation through changes in surface fluxes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jianjun Yin
Summary: Sea level rise (SLR) exhibits significant spatiotemporal variability, and understanding its characteristics and mechanisms is crucial for future projections and coastal preparedness. Analysis of observational and modeling data in the North Atlantic reveals a rapid acceleration of SLR along the U.S. East Coast and Gulf of Mexico during 2010-22, particularly on the Southeast and Gulf Coasts. This acceleration is attributed to the slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and is characterized by contrasting changes in dynamic sea level between the Eastern Subpolar Gyre and the U.S. Southeast and Gulf Coasts. Climate models suggest that greenhouse gas forcing will further modify this pattern in the twenty-first century, leading to faster SLR and increased coastal flooding, as observed in recent years.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengfei He, Amy C. Clement, Sydney M. Kramer, Mark A. Cane, Jeremy M. Klavans, Tyler M. Fenske, Lisa N. Murphy
Summary: The multidecadal variability in the tropical Atlantic climate is influenced by the cross-equatorial gradient in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), which is largely driven by radiative perturbations associated with anthropogenic emissions and volcanic aerosols. This relationship is obscured in models due to overestimations of warming trends in the Northern Hemisphere. However, when these overestimations are removed, correlations between SSTs and Atlantic hurricane formation and Sahel rainfall emerge, especially since 1950 when anthropogenic aerosol forcing has been high.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yang Li, Haijun Yang
Summary: This study uses a single-hemisphere 4-box model to investigate the low-frequency variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). It suggests that the AMOC exhibits a self-sustained multicentennial oscillation when an enhanced mixing mechanism is introduced in the subpolar ocean. The study also shows that stochastic freshwater forcing can excite the multicentennial oscillation. These findings suggest the presence of an intrinsic multicentennial mode in the Atlantic Ocean.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Berglund, Kristofer Doos, Sjoerd Groeskamp, Trevor J. McDougall
Summary: The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is crucial for regulating Earth's climate, and a new feature related to the northward flowing component of AMOC within the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre has been identified. It has been found that 70% of the northward flowing water in AMOC circulates within the Gyre before continuing its northward path. This circulation is important for increasing density and depth, which in turn affect the strength and variability of AMOC and heat transport towards the north.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anne-Sophie Fortin, Carolina O. Dufour, Timothy M. Merlis, Rym Msadek
Summary: This study investigates the response of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and identifies the drivers of this response. The research finds that different representations of oceanic processes lead to significant differences in the AMOC response across climate models. The AMOC shows a reduction of similar magnitude in low and high resolutions, while a muted response is found in medium resolution. Changes in the geostrophic and eddy streamfunctions contribute differently to the AMOC decline and there is a weak connection between the deep water formation regions and the Deep Western Boundary Current in the medium resolution.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liping Zhang, Thomas L. Delworth, Xiaosong Yang, Fanrong Zeng
Summary: Long-term sea-level rise and multiyear to decadal variations in sea level along the US East Coast can be skillfully predicted using observations and climate model predictions, with greenhouse gas warming and variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation playing significant roles.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Krissy Anne Reeve, Olaf Boebel, Volker Strass, Torsten Kanzow, Ruediger Gerdes
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2019)
Article
Oceanography
Andreas Munchow, Janin Schaffer, Torsten Kanzow
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Janin Schaffer, Torsten Kanzow, Wilken-Jon von Appen, Luisa von Albedyll, Jan Erik Arndt, David H. Roberts
Article
Oceanography
Margaret R. Lindeman, Fiammetta Straneo, Nat J. Wilson, John M. Toole, Richard A. Krishfield, Nicholas L. Beaird, Torsten Kanzow, Janin Schaffer
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Volker H. Strass, Gerd Rohardt, Torsten Kanzow, Mario Hoppema, Olaf Boebel
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephan Krisch, Thomas J. Browning, Martin Graeve, Kai-Uwe Ludwichowski, Pablo Lodeiro, Mark J. Hopwood, Stephane Roig, Jaw-Chuen Yong, Torsten Kanzow, Eric P. Achterberg
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Oceanography
John Mortensen, Soren Rysgaard, Jorgen Bendtsen, Kunuk Lennert, Torsten Kanzow, Henrik Lund, Lorenz Meire
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2020)
Article
Oceanography
Jannes Koelling, Uwe Send, Matthias Lankhorst
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2020)
Article
Oceanography
Nicolas Le Paih, Tore Hattermann, Olaf Boebel, Torsten Kanzow, Christof Lupkes, Gerd Rohardt, Volker Strass, Steven Herbette
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Emily Shroyer, Amit Tandon, Debasis Sengupta, Harindra J. S. Fernando, Andrew J. Lucas, J. Thomas Farrar, Rajib Chattopadhyay, Simon de Szoeke, Maria Flatau, Adam Rydbeck, Hemantha Wijesekera, Michael McPhaden, Hyodae Seo, Aneesh Subramanian, R. Venkatesan, Jossia Joseph, S. Ramsundaram, Arnold L. Gordon, Shannon M. Bohman, Jaynise Perez, Iury T. Simoes-Sousa, Steven R. Jayne, Robert E. Todd, G. S. Bhat, Matthias Lankhorst, Tamara Schlosser, Katherine Adams, S. U. P. Jinadasa, Manikandan Mathur, M. Mohapatra, E. Pattabhi Rama Rao, A. K. Sahai, Rashmi Sharma, Craig Lee, Luc Rainville, Deepak Cherian, Kerstin Cullen, Luca R. Centurioni, Verena Hormann, Jennifer MacKinnon, Uwe Send, Arachaporn Anutaliya, Amy Waterhouse, Garrett S. Black, Jeremy A. Dehart, Kaitlyn M. Woods, Edward Creegan, Gad Levy, Lakshmi H. Kantha, Bulusu Subrahmanyam
Summary: The study summarizes the onset of the 2018 monsoon in the Bay of Bengal, highlighting the active and break phases characterized by specific meteorological conditions such as warm sea surface temperatures, heavy rainfall, and varying wind speeds. The data collected through the MISO-BoB program provides valuable insights for improving forecasting during transition periods in the monsoon.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gokhan Danabasoglu, Frederic S. Castruccio, R. Justin Small, Robert Tomas, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Matthias Lankhorst
Summary: The study revisited the reference level assumptions used to calculate the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation transports, finding substantial differences among the transport estimates obtained with various methods at different observation sites. Methods properly accounting for reference velocities in the model at MOVE produce transports that are in good agreement with the model truth.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oceanography
Barbara Berx, Denis Volkov, Johanna Baehr, Molly O. Baringer, Peter Brandt, Kristin Burmeister, Stuart Cunningham, Marieke Femeke de Jong, Laura de Steur, Shenfu Dong, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Gustavo J. Goni, N. Penny Holliday, Rebecca Hummels, Randi Ingvaldsen, Kerstin Jochumsen, William Johns, Steingrimur Jonsson, Johannes Karstensen, Dagmar Kieke, Richard Krishfield, Matthias Lankhorst, Karin Margetha H. Larsen, Isabela Le Bras, Craig M. Lee, Feili Li, Susan Lozier, Andreas Macrander, Gerard McCarthy, Christian Mertens, Ben Moat, Martin Moritz, Renellys Perez, Igor Polyakov, Andrey Proshutinsky, Berit Rabe, Monika Rhein, Claudia Schmid, Oystein Skagseth, David A. Smeed, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Wilken-Jon von Appen, Bill Williams, Rebecca Woodgate, Igor Yashayaev
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Jinbo Wang, Lee-Lueng Fu, Bruce Haines, Matthias Lankhorst, Andrew J. Lucas, J. Thomas Farrar, Uwe Send, Christian Meinig, Oscar Schofield, Richard Ray, Matthew Archer, David Aragon, Sebastien Bigorre, Yi Chao, John Kerfoot, Robert Pinkel, David Sandwell, Scott Stalin
Summary: The future SWOT mission aims to map sea surface height with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. A field campaign was conducted to assess the potential of various instruments and platforms to meet the calibration and validation (Cal/Val) requirements of the mission. The observations demonstrated promising results and provided valuable information for the design of the postlaunch Cal/Val field campaign.
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
A. Anutaliya, U. Send, J. L. McClean, J. Sprintall, M. Lankhorst, C. M. Lee, L. Rainville, W. N. C. Priyadarshani, S. U. P. Jinadasa
Summary: Boundary currents along the eastern and southern coasts of Sri Lanka play a crucial role in salt exchange between the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, influenced by monsoonal wind reversal and large-scale climate modes.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Josefine Herrford, Peter Brandt, Torsten Kanzow, Rebecca Hummels, Moacyr Araujo, Jonathan Durgadoo
Summary: Observations of bottom pressure, satellite measurements of sea level anomalies, and wind stress data were used to estimate seasonal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 11 degrees S. The study found that the seasonal variability of AMOC and its components is influenced by pressure variations at different depths and boundaries, with the model underestimating the seasonal pressure variability at certain depths. Additionally, uncertainties in wind forcing are particularly relevant for the resulting uncertainties of AMOC estimates at 11 degrees S.
