Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wen Zhang, Haofei Zhang
Summary: Iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I-CIMS) is widely used in atmospheric chemistry to detect oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in real time. The study reports secondary ion chemistry from interactions between strong oxygen donors and acidic OVOCs in I-CIMS, which can lead to misinterpretations of gas-phase products' compositions and distributions. However, the varying degrees of signal change in response to secondary ion chemistry may provide clues to OVOCs' functionalities.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Christopher Maloney, Brian Toon, Charles Bardeen, Pengfei Yu, Karl Froyd, Jennifer Kay, Sarah Woods
Summary: We modified the CARMA sectional ice microphysical model by adding interactive nucleation of sulfates and heterogeneous nucleation onto dust for a more comprehensive representation of ice nucleation. In our simulations, cirrus clouds primarily nucleate via homogeneous nucleation on aqueous sulfate aerosols at altitudes above 7 km where temperatures fall below 240 K, while heterogeneous nucleation dominates below 7 km. Our model shows improved representation of in-cloud ice within mixed phase clouds in comparison to simulations with only homogeneous ice nucleation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sabin Kasparoglu, Russell Perkins, Paul J. Ziemann, Paul J. DeMott, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Zachary Finewax, Benjamin L. Deming, Marla P. DeVault, Markus D. Petters
Summary: This study presents measurements of the ice nucleating ability of secondary organic material at low temperatures and high ice saturation, and finds that heterogeneous ice nucleation of glassy secondary organic materials is likely uncommon.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jixing Liu, Shuping Zhu, Teng Guo, Bin Jia, Li Xu, Jun Chen, Ping Cheng
Summary: This study investigates the gas- and particle-phase naphthalene (Nap) ozonolysis and its role as a precursor for secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). It is found that Nap reacts to form gas-phase products as well as SOAs via homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. The formation of Nap-SOAs is attributed to the creation of new particles and the uptake of oxidation products on gas-phase or particle surfaces. This study provides insights into the migration and transformation of PAHs in the atmosphere.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinglin Jiang, Xiaosu Ding, Antonios Tasoglou, Heinz Huber, Amisha D. Shah, Nusrat Jung, Brandon E. Boor
Summary: This study investigates the impact of thymol-based botanical disinfectants on indoor air chemistry and human exposure. The results show that botanical disinfectant spray and wipe products can cause sudden increases in concentrations of monoterpenoids in indoor air, as well as the formation of new particles. These disinfectants lead to multiphase inhalation exposure, with large deposited doses in different respiratory tract regions of the human body.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gavin C. Cornwell, Christina S. McCluskey, Paul J. DeMott, Kimberly A. Prather, Susannah M. Burrows
Summary: Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are a rare subset of particles that can have a significant impact on climate. Models need effective parameterizations to simulate the variability of INPs, with laboratory and field measurement-based parameterizations having their own advantages and disadvantages. Heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficients for ambient particles can be measured using a single-particle mass spectrometer.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Steven J. Campbell, Kate Wolfer, Peter J. Gallimore, Chiara Giorio, Daniel Haussinger, Marc-Aurele Boillat, Markus Kalberer
Summary: The ozonolysis of alkenes is responsible for the formation of significant amounts of Criegee intermediates (CIs), but their contributions to aerosol particle chemistry remain uncertain. In this study, a novel methodology using spin traps was used to simultaneously quantify CIs produced from the ozonolysis of volatile organic compounds in the gas and particle phases. The results showed that only the smallest CI with one carbon atom was detected in the gas phase, while multiple particle-bound CIs were observed in the secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Furthermore, it was found that CIs have a longer lifetime in highly viscous SOA particles compared to the gas phase.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wanying Li, Jiangyao Chen, Qinhao Lin, Taicheng An
Summary: This study investigates the kinetics, products, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the ozonolysis of mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and organic amines (OAs). The results show that the reaction rates decrease and the yields of main products increase in the mixed system compared to the individual systems. Formaldehyde acts as a bridged product connecting the ozonolysis pathways of these two substrates. The ozonolysis reaction has a significant impact on the formation of SOA.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
He Ren, Jane A. Sedlak, Matthew J. Elrod
Summary: This study developed a method to study the reaction of sulfate radicals with various olefinic precursors, accurately controlling dissolved oxygen levels and using isomer-specific NMR to definitively identify and quantify the reaction products. Specific mechanisms for each precursor and a generalized mechanism for predicting sulfate radical reaction pathways were established, showing that carbon backbone fragmentation pathways dominate the mechanism. The observed organosulfate products in field observations of SOA indicate the potential relevance of this mechanism in the atmosphere.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenxi Zhang, Xuesong Cao, Xiaomin Sun, Hengjun Peng
Summary: A major research area in atmospheric chemistry focuses on the formation mechanism of secondary organic aerosols, with recent studies showing that Criegee intermediates formed during the ozonolysis of citral can oxidize NO and SO2 to produce nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The reactions between these CIs and H2O or SO2 may play a crucial role in removing them from the atmosphere and determining their atmospheric concentrations. Furthermore, low-volatility organic compounds potentially arising from the ozonolysis of citral can form SOA through different processes.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Benedict Davies, Martin Fitzner, Angelos Michaelides
Summary: Through molecular dynamics simulations, researchers have found that many different substrates can promote the formation of pristine I-c, I-c can be selectively nucleated even with mild supercooling, the water contact layer's resemblance to a face of ice is the key factor determining the polytype selectivity and nucleation temperature, and substrate lattice match to ice is not indicative of the polytype obtained.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Christina S. McCluskey, Andrew Gettelman, Charles G. Bardeen, Paul J. DeMott, Kathryn A. Moore, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Thomas C. J. Hill, Kevin R. Barry, Cynthia H. Twohy, Darin W. Toohey, Bryan Rainwater, Jorgen B. Jensen, John M. Reeves, Simon P. Alexander, Greg M. McFarquhar
Summary: Southern Ocean low-level mixed phase clouds pose a challenge for accurately representing in Earth system models. Simulated clouds in the Community Earth System Model version 2 now have too little ice, while observations show that marine particles are the main contributors to cloud ice nucleation. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing simulated mineral dust properties in order to better represent ice nucleating particle populations in the Southern Ocean.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Li Xu, Zhaomin Yang, Narcisse T. Tsona, Xinke Wang, Christian George, Lin Du
Summary: This study found that under dark conditions, the aerosol yield can be significantly enhanced by nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide within a certain ratio range of inorganic gases to biogenic volatile organic compounds, while ammonia showed a slight increase. The nitrogen- and sulfur-containing aerosol components were derived from nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide, with organic nitrates and organosulfates identified in the experiments. These interactions among various compounds during the night could serve as a potential pathway for the formation of particulate nitrogen- and sulfur-containing organics in polluted regions with both anthropogenic and biogenic influences.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Long Jia, YongFu Xu
Summary: The study developed a novel CSVA model to simulate the gas-phase and particle-phase reactions of SOA as well as the evolution of particle size distribution.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kezheng Liao, Qiongqiong Wang, Shan Wang, Jian Zhen Yu
Summary: In this study, a novel Bayesian inference (BI) approach was used to accurately quantify primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) in fine particulate matter using only major component measurement data. The BI models showed significant advantages over conventional methods in estimating POC and SOC amounts. The use of sulfate as the SOC tracer in the BI model yielded the best model performance.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jessie M. Creamean, Kevin Barry, Thomas C. J. Hill, Carson Hume, Paul J. DeMott, Matthew D. Shupe, Sandro Dahlke, Sascha Willmes, Julia Schmale, Ivo Beck, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Allison Fong, Emelia Chamberlain, Jeff Bowman, Randall Scharien, Ola Persson
Summary: The Arctic is experiencing faster changes than other regions, with the interactions between clouds and aerosols playing a significant role. This study examines the quantities and origins of aerosols impacting cloud ice formation during a sea ice cycle. The findings provide valuable insights for cloud parameterizations in climate models.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Sabin Kasparoglu, Russell Perkins, Paul J. Ziemann, Paul J. DeMott, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Zachary Finewax, Benjamin L. Deming, Marla P. DeVault, Markus D. Petters
Summary: This study presents measurements of the ice nucleating ability of secondary organic material at low temperatures and high ice saturation, and finds that heterogeneous ice nucleation of glassy secondary organic materials is likely uncommon.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jessie M. Creamean, Kevin Barry, Thomas C. J. Hill, Carson Hume, Paul J. DeMott, Matthew D. Shupe, Sandro Dahlke, Sascha Willmes, Julia Schmale, Ivo Beck, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Allison Fong, Emelia Chamberlain, Jeff Bowman, Randall Scharien, Ola Persson
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kevin R. Barry, Thomas C. J. Hill, Kathryn A. Moore, Thomas A. Douglas, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Paul J. DeMott, Jessie M. Creamean
Summary: Permafrost, which covers a significant portion of the Northern Hemisphere, is undergoing changes due to global warming. Recent research has found that permafrost contains ice-nucleating particles (INPs) that can impact the Arctic's surface energy budget by affecting mixed-phase clouds. Experiments simulating the transport of thawed permafrost into seawater showed that older permafrost produced the highest and most stable airborne INP concentrations, comparable to desert dust. This highlights the need to quantify permafrost INP sources and airborne emission mechanisms in climate models.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Christina S. McCluskey, Andrew Gettelman, Charles G. Bardeen, Paul J. DeMott, Kathryn A. Moore, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Thomas C. J. Hill, Kevin R. Barry, Cynthia H. Twohy, Darin W. Toohey, Bryan Rainwater, Jorgen B. Jensen, John M. Reeves, Simon P. Alexander, Greg M. McFarquhar
Summary: Southern Ocean low-level mixed phase clouds pose a challenge for accurately representing in Earth system models. Simulated clouds in the Community Earth System Model version 2 now have too little ice, while observations show that marine particles are the main contributors to cloud ice nucleation. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing simulated mineral dust properties in order to better represent ice nucleating particle populations in the Southern Ocean.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xi Zhao, Xiaohong Liu, Susannah Burrows, Paul J. DeMott, Minghui Diao, Greg M. McFarquhar, Sachin Patade, Vaughan Phillips, Greg C. Roberts, Kevin J. Sanchez, Yang Shi, Meng Zhang
Summary: Research finds that GCMs used to simulate cloud phase and cloud radiative effect over the Southern Ocean (SO) face challenges. New-generation GCMs tend to predict excessive liquid and insufficient ice in mixed-phase clouds. This misrepresentation of cloud phase leads to weaker negative cloud feedback and higher climate sensitivity over the SO. By comparing models with observational data, the study identifies the main uncertainties related to cloud phase in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), namely ice formation in pristine remote SO clouds. The study highlights the importance of accurately representing cloud phase by considering sea spray organic aerosols (SSOAs) as the most important ice nucleating particles (INPs) over the SO and the effects of secondary ice production (SIP) processes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
John J. J. DAlessandro, Greg M. M. McFarquhar, Jeffrey L. L. Stith, Minghui Diao, Paul J. J. DeMott, Christina S. S. McCluskey, Thomas C. J. Hill, Greg C. C. Roberts, Kevin J. J. Sanchez
Summary: This study analyzes the microphysical properties of single- and multi-layer clouds over the Southern Ocean. It finds that multi-layer clouds have higher frequencies of ice-containing samples compared to single-layer clouds, especially in the lowest cloud layers. Differences in drop concentrations and size distributions are observed between single- and multi-layer clouds. Additionally, the environment's state affects drop concentrations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gavin C. Cornwell, Christina S. McCluskey, Thomas C. J. Hill, Ezra T. Levin, Nicholas E. Rothfuss, Sheng-Lun Tai, Markus D. Petters, Paul J. DeMott, Sonia Kreidenweis, Kimberly A. Prather, Susannah M. Burrows
Summary: This study presents a method to differentiate ice-nucleating particles (INPs) into contributions from dust, sea spray aerosol (SSA), and bioaerosol. Field campaign data from Bodega Bay, California, showed that bioaerosols were the primary source of INPs between -12 degrees and -20 degrees C, while dust and SSA had little impact. The study found that the current parameterizations for dust and SSA accurately predicted ambient INP concentrations, but the simulation of bioaerosol INPs needs further research.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aishwarya Raman, Thomas Hill, Paul J. DeMott, Balwinder Singh, Kai Zhang, Po-Lun Ma, Mingxuan Wu, Hailong Wang, Simon P. Alexander, Susannah M. Burrows
Summary: This study compares the simulated ice-nucleating particles (INPs) concentrations with the measurements during the Macquarie Island Cloud Radiation Experiment (MICRE). It finds that there are biases in the model's aerosol fields and INP parameterizations. Improvement is needed in both aerosol simulation and INP parameterizations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sunandan Mahant, Emil Mark Iversen, Sabin Kasparoglu, Merete Bilde, Markus D. Petters
Summary: Secondary organic aerosols have a significant impact on atmospheric aerosols and climate. A new simplified and cost-effective method was developed to measure the viscosity and glass transition temperature of submicron particles. The technique was validated through comparison with a more complex and expensive method. The results show good agreement, indicating the potential of the new technique in accelerating aerosol phase transition research.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ali Akherati, Yicong He, Lauren A. Garofalo, Anna L. Hodshire, Delphine K. Farmer, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Wade Permar, Lu Hu, Emily Fischer, Coty N. Jen, Allen H. Goldstein, Ezra J. T. Levin, Paul J. DeMott, Teresa L. Campos, Frank Flocke, John M. Reeves, Darin W. Toohey, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Shantanu H. Jathar
Summary: Wildfires are a significant source of organic aerosol (POA and SOA) in the atmosphere at regional and global scales. This study develops a kinetic model to simulate the behavior of organic aerosol in wildfire smoke and applies it to study smoke plumes intercepted during a field campaign in the western United States. The model suggests that the evolution of organic aerosol mass with physical age can be explained by dilution-driven evaporation of primary aerosol and simultaneous photochemical production of secondary aerosol.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Russell J. Perkins, Peter J. Marinescu, Ezra J. T. Levin, Don R. Collins, Sonia M. Kreidenweis
Summary: This study analyzes high quality data from seven independent instruments at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site to build a CCN spectrum product. The study examines the probability distribution shapes of aerosols and CCN metrics, identifies the primary drivers of CCN differences, and explores the dynamics of CCN spectral clusters and concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
