Article
Environmental Sciences
Abhishek Kashyap, Mukunda Dev Behera
Summary: Bedrock landslides play a significant role in hillslope erosion and sediment flux in the Himalayan mountain belt. The spatial distribution of landslide occurrences is influenced by topographic variables and rainfall intensity. Higher tectonic activity is responsible for landslides in the Higher Himalaya, while litho-tectonics and rainfall intensity dominate landslides near the Main Central Thrust (MCT)-Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). Erosion rates exceed long-term exhumation rates, and both rates show divergent spatial patterns.
ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
In-Won Kim, Malte F. Stuecker, Axel Timmermann, Elke Zeller, Jong-Seong Kug, So-Won Park, Jin-Soo Kim
Summary: The research findings suggest that during El Nino events, vegetation in Eastern Africa (particularly in Tanzania) is influenced by sea surface temperatures, with drought conditions leading to decreased vegetation cover, followed by gradual recovery during wetter conditions. The vegetation decline during El Nino can be explained by a double integration of local rainfall anomalies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yaxian Hu, Vincent Schneider, Brigitte Kuhn, Shengli Guo, Nikolaus J. Kuhn
Summary: Net soil CO2 emissions tend to decline with increasing slope gradients, attributed to increased runoff and greater soil loss on steep slopes. The relationship between topography and soil CO2 emissions can be masked by coarse-resolution digital terrain models, potentially leading to inaccurate assessments of soil-atmosphere interaction. The use of high-resolution DTMs derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles can greatly improve the estimation of CO2 emissions and bridge the gap between conventional field investigations and remote sensing methods.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Quan Wang, Shayue Yuan, Yijia Liang, Kan Zhao, Qingfeng Shao, Zhenqiu Zhang, Junji Zhu, Xinggong Kong, Yongjin Wang, Jianghu Lan, Hai Cheng, Chengwei Xia, Yi Li
Summary: By studying the new multiproxy records of a Th-230-dated stalagmite from Hulu Cave in eastern China, we reconstructed the hydroclimate history of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) regions from 340 to 261 kyr BP. We found that the EASM responds to changes in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation on the orbital timescale and that rainfall variability is controlled by the local hydrological cycle. The rainfall record showed a gradually decreasing trend during the antepenultimate glacial period, with three relatively wetter intervals. These changes in rainfall were induced by the integrated effects of global ice volume and Northern Hemisphere summer insolation.
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Jian-Jun Yin, Zhijun Wang, Wenqiang Shi, Qingfeng Shao, Xia Wu, Wei Tang, Yuan Ma
Summary: The hydroclimatic variability in South China over the past millennium shows spatial patterns of centennial-scale monsoonal rainfall change. Decreases in monsoonal rainfall occurred during the Medieval Warm Period and late Little Ice Age, while increases were observed during the early Little Ice Age and Current Warm Period. These changes were linked to summer monsoon intensity and the state of El Nin & SIM;o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with some influence from solar activity.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chan-Pang Ng, Qinghong Zhang, Wenhong Li
Summary: Due to the dense population in eastern China, hourly extreme precipitation (HEP) is receiving increasing attention, with changes dominated by the Meiyu front system duration. The longer duration of the post-Meiyu I stage has led to greater occurrence of HEP events in northeastern China, the lower reach of Yangtze River, and southern China during the warm season. These findings enhance understanding of the response of HEP to climate change and the importance of synoptic weather systems in HEP occurrence changes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mengyu Wang, Chaoyong Hu, Yuhui Liu, Lianlian Li, Shucheng Xie, Kathleen Johnson
Summary: By studying precipitation variability in East China over the past 1150 years, it was found that the strength of the Asian monsoon is closely linked to solar variability, while rainfall patterns are driven by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiang LI, Ying-Juan Zhang, Hui Gao, Ting Ding
Summary: In early November 2021, China experienced its second strongest cold wave event. The study found that the subtropical low-pressure system played an important role in enhancing the cold wave effect.
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nick Scroxton, Michael K. Gagan, Linda K. Ayliffe, Wahyoe S. Hantoro, John C. Hellstrom, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Jian-xin Zhao, Bambang W. Suwargadi, Hamdi Rifai
Summary: The antiphase behavior of monsoon systems in alternate hemispheres has been well established, but there is still a lack of continuous, high-resolution, and precisely dated record for the millennial-scale variability of the Indonesian-Australian monsoon. This study extends the Liang Luar speleothem δO-18 record, providing insights into the changes in monsoon intensity and its antiphase relationship with the northern hemisphere summer monsoon.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Callum R. Twomey, Anthony S. Kiem
Summary: The study reveals that the Eastern Seaboard of Australia (ESA) differs from the rest of Australia in terms of rainfall patterns, and is not homogenous within itself. The influence of East Coast Lows (ECLs) contributes to this rainfall inhomogeneity, highlighting the importance of locally relevant climate science information and adaptation strategies for natural resources management and emergency services within the region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Jules Christian Zekeng, Jean Louis Fobane, Maginot Nganyo Heya, Rozane Wandji Sakou, Theodore Mulembo Mwamba, Wanda N. Mphinyane, Reuben Sebego, Marguerite Marie Mbolo
Summary: Local-scale variation in species diversity in tropical forests is influenced by habitat characteristics, particularly soil variables and topography. Different habitats have different effects on different tree classes, and some indicator species change their role across different classes.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Linye Song, Shangfeng Chen, Wen Chen, Wansuo Duan, Yun Li
Summary: This study revealed that the impact of winter North Pacific Oscillation on eastern Australian rainfall weakened significantly after the late-1990s, mainly due to the northward displacement of atmospheric anomalies and a weaker atmospheric response. Furthermore, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation was found to strongly influence the meridional movement of the North Pacific Oscillation, thus playing a crucial role in the relationship between winter NPO and subsequent Australian autumn rainfall.
Article
Thermodynamics
Muhammad Shehzad, Bihai Sun, Daniel Jovic, Yasar Ostovan, Christophe Cuvier, Jean-Marc Foucaut, Christian Willert, Callum Atkinson, Julio Soria
Summary: High-spatial-resolution two-component, two-dimensional particle-image-velocimetry measurements were taken in a high Reynolds number Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel to study zero-pressure-gradient and adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers. The large-scale motions were found to be energized in the outer-layer, with adverse-pressure-gradient making them stronger.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jin-Lin Zha, Cheng Shen, Jian Wu, De-Ming Zhao, Wen-Xuan Fan, Hui-Ping Jiang, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Deliang Chen
Summary: This study investigates the contributions of zonal and meridional flows to the changes in near-surface wind speed (NSWS) over eastern China. The results show that the weakening of the zonal wind component is the main factor driving the reduction in NSWS. The Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM) has a considerable impact on NSWS, influencing both the zonal and meridional wind patterns.
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Zhang, Junrui Chai, Cheng Cao, Tao Shang
Summary: This study investigated the nonlinear flow behaviors under the combined influences of shear displacement, roughness, and pressure gradient, finding that high roughness combined with shear displacement can lead to heterogeneous void spaces and eddies in fractures. The study also observed that unmated rough fractures have higher flow rates than mated rough fractures, and that rougher fractures generally correspond to lower flow rates. Additionally, increasing pressure gradient can accelerate the development of eddies in rough fractures, but this effect may be restrained by apertures at higher pressure gradients.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiale Lou, Terence J. O'Kane, Neil J. Holbrook
Summary: The study investigates the stochastic forcing associated with the combined modes of variability from the tropical and South Pacific Oceans using a stochastically forced linear inverse model. Optimal initial perturbations project onto ENSO and SPDO, where subsurface South Pacific Ocean temperature variability plays a significant role in increasing the linear predictability of the system. The stochastic SST forcing is strongly associated with PSA-like variability in both tropical and South Pacific Oceans.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zimeng Su, Gabriela S. Pilo, Stuart Corney, Neil J. Holbrook, Mao Mori, Philippe Ziegler
Summary: Global frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves have been increasing, potentially impacting marine ecosystems and commercial fisheries in the Kerguelen Plateau region. A study found a strong and long-lasting marine heatwave event in the region, with significant correlations with climate variability.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Farnaz Pourasghar, Eric C. J. Oliver, Neil J. Holbrook
Summary: The study found that the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) has a significant influence on surface air temperature in Iran, leading to different temperature anomalies in different MJO phases, which is related to horizontal temperature advection. Daily minimum surface air temperatures are more affected by MJO than daily maximum temperatures, and these signals correspond to cloudy and humid conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Anthony S. Kiem, Neil J. Holbrook, Mark A. J. Curran
Summary: "Weather systems in the southern Indian Ocean impact precipitation variability in East Antarctica and southern Australia. Understanding these linkages is crucial for diagnosing climate changes and informing regional weather forecasts."
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Na-Yeon Shin, Jong-Seong Kug, F. S. McCormack, Neil J. Holbrook
Summary: Observational analyses have revealed the occurrence of double-peaked (DP) El Nino events since 2000, where two warm centers develop concurrently in the central and eastern Pacific, showing more distinctive anomalous precipitation along the Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). These peculiar precipitation anomalies play a critical role in enhancing equatorial westerly wind stress anomalies, aiding in the development of the eastern SSTA peak by deepening the thermocline in the eastern Pacific.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anil Deo, Savin S. Chand, Hamish Ramsay, Neil J. Holbrook, Simon McGree, Andrew Magee, Samuel Bell, Mulipola Titimaea, Alick Haruhiru, Philip Malsale, Silipa Mulitalo, Arieta Daphne, Bipen Prakash, Vaiola Vainikolo, Shirley Koshiba
Summary: Southwest Pacific nations are among the most impacted and vulnerable globally in terms of tropical cyclone (TC)-induced flooding. The study shows that TC contributions to extreme rainfall are significantly enhanced during active phases of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and El Nino conditions, with increasing intensities of TC-induced extreme rainfall events over the past few decades. Bayesian regression models have been developed to better understand the relationships between TC-induced extreme rainfall and various climatic drivers, providing valuable information for planning and preparing for TC risks in vulnerable Pacific Island nations.
Article
Geography, Physical
Neil J. Holbrook, Vanessa Hernaman, Shirley Koshiba, Jimaima Lako, Jules B. Kajtar, Patila Amosa, Awnesh Singh
Summary: Marine heatwaves in the tropical western and central Pacific Ocean region could have detrimental impacts on marine species and habitats in the future, especially for Pacific Island nations heavily reliant on coastal and ocean resources. Increasing global emissions would lead to more intense and frequent marine heatwaves, underscoring the importance of following low emissions scenarios for these nations.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jules B. Kajtar, Vanessa Hernaman, Neil J. Holbrook, Paola Petrelli
Summary: This article provides processed marine heatwave metrics for the tropical western and central Pacific Ocean region, including both observational and modelled data. The observational data is derived from NOAA daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) from 1982 to 2019, while the modelled data is from 18 model simulations as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) from 1982 to 2100. In addition, marine heatwave timeseries metrics are provided for three case study regions: Fiji, Samoa, and Palau.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yuxin Wang, Jules B. Kajtar, Lisa Alexander, Gabriela S. Pilo, Neil J. Holbrook
Summary: Globally, there are distinct differences in the mean values of marine heatwave (MHW) and marine cold-spell (MCS) metrics. Differences in intensity trends are mainly explained by sea surface temperature (SST) variance trends, while differences in trends of annual days are less clear. The decreasing MCS days and intensities are largely driven by warming SST.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Jules B. Kajtar, Scott D. Bachman, Neil J. Holbrook, Gabriela S. Pilo
Summary: This study investigates the drivers, dynamics, and persistence of the 2017/2018 marine heatwave in the Tasman Sea. It finds that warm water advection and continuous net downward air-sea heat flux contributed to the initiation and persistence of the marine heatwave.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xianglin Ren, Wei Liu, Antonietta Capotondi, Dillon J. Amaya, Neil J. Holbrook
Summary: The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) plays a crucial role in driving marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific. Through observations and climate model simulations, it is found that marine heatwaves become longer, stronger, and more frequent during positive PDO periods. This is mainly due to the higher coastal sea surface temperatures caused by reduced cold upwelling and increased surface heat flux during positive PDO phases. In the period of 2013-2022, the positive PDO prolongs marine heatwaves duration by up to 43% and increases their annual frequency by up to 32% off the Northeast Pacific coast, relative to anthropogenic global warming.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Se-Yong Song, Sang-Wook Yeh, Hyerim Kim, Neil J. J. Holbrook
Summary: An increase in the number of marine heatwave days in the Northeast Pacific ocean has been observed and is believed to be linked to Arctic warming and sea ice decline. The analysis of satellite-derived and reanalysis data, along with climate model experiments, shows that the frequency and duration of marine heatwaves have been increasing due to ocean warming from climate change. Strong Arctic warming has altered the atmospheric circulation pattern over the Northeast Pacific, leading to reduced cloud cover and increased sea surface temperatures, favoring the occurrence of marine heatwaves. The findings highlight the importance of considering the projected changes in Arctic climate in climate change adaptation and mitigation plans.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Anthony S. Kiem, Neil J. Holbrook
Summary: A synoptic weather pattern has been identified to bridge the connection between rainfall in subtropical Australia and sea salt in the Law Dome ice core site in East Antarctica. The study shows that the concentration of aerosol sea salt in the ice core correlates significantly with eastern Australian rainfall, and this relationship is explained by an atmospheric bridge between the two regions. The research suggests that the control of eastern Australia climate by southern hemisphere variability is greater than previously assumed. This study highlights the importance of the Law Dome ice core record as a proxy for eastern Australia rainfall variability.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jules B. Kajtar, Neil J. Holbrook, Vanessa Hernaman
Summary: Marine heatwaves around Australia and globally have been on the rise in terms of frequency, intensity, and duration. This study examines marine heatwave metrics and trends around Australia since 1982, and analyzes their impacts in selected regions. Progress in understanding the predictability of sea surface temperature changes and marine heatwaves around Australia is also briefly reviewed.
JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE EARTH SYSTEMS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiale Lou, Terence J. O'Kane, Neil J. Holbrook
Summary: This study proposes a new paradigm for South Pacific climate variability and suggests that the PSA mode is the key driver of oceanic variability in the South Pacific subtropics, generating a potentially predictable climate signal linked to the tropics.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
