Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Federico Lombardi, Hugh D. Griffiths, Maurizio Lualdi, Alessio Balleri
Summary: One of the main limitations of using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for landmine detection is the interference from clutter, which raises the detection threshold of the system. Characterizing the internal structure of a target may provide key information for developing algorithms to differentiate between landmines and clutter. Through numerical assessment and experimental validation, it has been found that it is possible to identify and characterize the scattering components in the GPR signature of a landmine.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Adrian Emmert, Christof Kneisel
Summary: Our study used a multi-method geophysical approach to investigate the internal structure of palsas in Central Iceland, showing differences between initial and mature development stages. We also introduced measurements of the soil matric potential as a promising method to assess the current state of the subsurface, highlighting the importance of this approach in understanding environmental changes.
PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhengfang Wang, Ming Lei, Jing Wang, Bo Li, Jing Xu, Yuchen Jiang, Qingmei Sui, Yao Li
Summary: This paper proposes an unsupervised deep learning method for translating real ground penetrating radar (GPR) images to simulated ones. The method introduces geometry-consistency constraints to prevent semantic distortion in translation. It was validated using GPR data collected in various scenarios, and the findings demonstrate accurate identification of internal defects in translated GPR images.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Federico Lombardi, Maurizio Lualdi, Elsa Garavaglia
Summary: This study evaluates the use of Ground Penetrating Radar for masonry texture identification and geometrical reconstruction, assessing its operational advantages and weaknesses for seismic assessment purposes. High frequency 3D GPR data collection on a plastered masonry wall successfully reconstructs the wall texture, providing detailed information on the masonry quality.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Emanuele Forte, Hugh M. French, Rossana Raffi, Ilaria Santin, Mauro Guglielmin
Summary: This study reports the findings of a combined geophysical and geomorphological investigation of thermal-contraction-crack polygons near Gondwana station in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. The study area, characterized by random orthogonal polygons, was analyzed using ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography, geomorphological surveys, and trench excavations. The study found that the polygons are composite in nature and only well developed at higher elevations above the current sea level. Unexpectedly, the polygons align with the raised beach boundaries and correlate with stratigraphic layers dipping toward the sea.
PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dan R. Glaser, Katrina Burch, Dennis L. Brinkley, Philip Reppert
Summary: Discrete deep targets pose challenges for surface-based geophysical techniques, but secondary features can be utilized for enhanced detection. Dewatering and pumping induce groundwater table gradients, aiding in detection. Integration of various geophysical methods can estimate the location of deep voids.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Adrian White, Paul Wilkinson, James Boyd, James Wookey, John Michael Kendall, Andrew Binley, Timothy Grossey, Jonathan Chambers
Summary: Globally, earth embankments are used to protect against flooding. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) are commonly used to identify and map animal burrows in these embankments. This study compared the efficacy of ERT and GPR in imaging badger burrow networks in clay embankments. The results showed that ERT can accurately resolve tunnels down to 1.5 m depth, while GPR surveys had limited penetration depth. The implications of this study include improved embankment management, reduced repair costs, and a better understanding of badger burrow geometry.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wallace W. L. Lai, Ray K. W. Chang, Christoph Volker, Bella W. Y. Cheung
Summary: This study investigates the dispersion of GPR wave's phase velocity at different wideband frequencies in plywood and concrete, finding greater dispersion in low frequency regimes. The methodology includes time-frequency analysis and coherence plotting to determine the effective frequency bandwidths.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jiri Hruska, Frantisek Kuda, Ladislav Holik, Valerie Vranova
Summary: The use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical methods are considered useful for assessing forest soil slope instabilities. In this study, GPR and ERT measurements were carried out at two localities in the Czech Republic over a year, revealing visible changes in soil properties and the expansion of wet areas inside rock masses. These changes are believed to be associated with logging operations as they were the major external factor in the areas.
GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Victoria Berezowski, Xanthe Mallett, Justin Ellis, Ian Moffat
Summary: The location of unmarked graves is legally and culturally significant, providing closure to families in forensic cases and valuable information in archaeological investigations. Traditional methods like excavation are difficult and expensive, leading to the widespread use of geophysical techniques such as ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography for efficient and non-invasive grave detection.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chihping Kuo
Summary: The study proposes the use of ground penetrating radar method to investigate mud pumping distributions to prevent events and reduce labor and material costs.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Samuel Wagner, Brian M. Worthmann, Anh-Vu Pham
Summary: This study investigates the impact of receiver timing jitter on the quality of imaging of ground-penetrating radar systems, showing the residue of coupling noise induced by jitter throughout the processing pipeline. It reveals that simple filtering is not sufficient to remove the residue and proposes linear slope and migrated probability specifications for assessing the severity of coupling signals in a given jitter environment.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jingxia Li, Ning Zhang, Hang Xu, Bingjie Wang, Li Liu, Mingrui Zhao
Summary: A polarimetric chaotic ground penetrating radar is proposed to improve the detection accuracy of underground pipes. The use of chaotic signal and multi-polarization detection mode enhances pipe responses and accurately determines their shape and distribution.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Garcia-Fernandez, Guillermo Alvarez-Narciandi, Yuri Alvarez Lopez, Fernando Las-Heras Andres
Summary: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has proven to be a successful technique for detecting landmines and IEDs, with novel architectures improving safety and speed of detection. A hybrid GPR architecture combining advantages of Forward-Looking and Down-Looking GPR has been experimentally validated, aiming to reduce clutter and increase dynamic range in detection. Compact radar modules operating in the lower SHF frequency band were used for realistic target validation.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
J. Hunziker, E. C. Slob, J. Irving
Summary: To address the computational cost issue in modeling GPR reflection data on glaciers, the authors propose a semi-analytical method based on the assumption of a homogeneous background medium. By representing scattering surfaces with planar elements and considering the antenna radiation pattern, this method can produce realistic 3D GPR data in a fast and memory efficient way. The algorithm is validated with an analytical solution for a layered model and applied to simulate radar data for the Otemma glacier in Switzerland.
COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
M. Keuschnig, M. Krautblatter, I. Hartmeyer, C. Fuss, L. Schrott
PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES
(2017)
Editorial Material
Geography, Physical
Lothar Schrott, Ole Humlum
Article
Geography, Physical
Anna Schoch, Jan Henrik Bloethe, Thomas Hoffmann, Lothar Schrott
Article
Geography, Physical
Guenther Prasicek, Jan-Christoph Otto, David R. Montgomery, Lothar Schrott
Article
Geography
Guenther Prasicek, Jan-Christoph Otto, David R. Montgomery, Lothar Schrott
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Melanie Flynn, James D. Ford, Jolene Labbe, Lothar Schrott, Shirley Tagalik
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tazio Strozzi, Rafael Caduff, Nina Jones, Chloe Barboux, Reynald Delaloye, Xavier Bodin, Andreas Kaab, Eva Matzler, Lothar Schrott
Article
Geography, Physical
Jan Henrik Blothe, Christian Halla, Ellen Schwalbe, Estefania Bottegal, Dario Trombotto Liaudat, Lothar Schrott
Summary: This study utilized satellite imagery to analyze surface velocity fields of rock glaciers and ice-debris complexes in the Cordon del Plata range of Argentina, revealing a high number of fast-flowing periglacial landforms in the region. The research also introduced a predictive model for activity status based on morphometric and topoclimatic factors, indicating the importance of both topoclimatic parameters and geometric parameters in governing local deformation.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christoph Holst, Jannik Janssen, Berit Schmitz, Martin Blome, Malte Dercks, Anna Schoch-Baumann, Jan Bloethe, Lothar Schrott, Heiner Kuhlmann, Tomislav Medic
Summary: This article investigates the usage of TLS point clouds for monitoring solifluction processes, developing a workflow to capture soil mass displacement. Results showed that the method achieved similar accuracy to established approaches, but with higher spatial resolution.
Article
Geography, Physical
Floreana Miesen, Svein Olaf Dahl, Lothar Schrott
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between glaciers and permafrost in a partly glacierized valley on the NE flank of the Snohetta massif in southern Norway. The research demonstrates a significant role of ice-cored moraines in controlling processes between glacial and periglacial environments, particularly in influencing the seasonal drainage of proglacial lakes. Results suggest that meltwater dynamics play a crucial role in shaping landform evolution in a glacial-periglacial landscape.
GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Anna Schoch-Baumann, Jan Henrik Bloethe, Henry Munack, Jens Hornung, Alexandru T. Codilean, Reka-H Fulop, Klaus Wilcken, Lothar Schrott
Summary: This research study investigated three outsize fans in the Upper Rhone valley, Switzerland using a multi-method approach. The findings suggest that the formation of these fans was gradual and non-catastrophic, with continuous sediment deposition over time. These outsize fans have a sustained impact on geomorphic systems and can potentially endanger human livelihoods.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2022)
Article
Geography
Ikram Zangana, Jan-Christoph Otto, Roland Maeusbacher, Lothar Schrott
Summary: We present a detailed geomorphological map (1:5000-scale) of a middle mountainous area in Jena, Germany, using geographic information systems (GIS) and high-resolution digital data. The map features were extracted by manually interpreting the combination of different data sources using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. By incorporating the visual interpretation of multidirectional hillshade and land surface parameters (LSPs) composite maps, we were able to systematically delineate landforms and geomorphological process domains.
Article
Geography, Physical
Ingo Hartmeyer, Robert Delleske, Markus Keuschnig, Michael Krautblatter, Andreas Lang, Lothar Schrott, Jan-Christoph Otto
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2020)
Article
Geography, Physical
Ingo Hartmeyer, Markus Keuschnig, Robert Delleske, Michael Krautblatter, Andreas Lang, Lothar Schrott, Guenther Prasicek, Jan-Christoph Otto
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andreas K. Donadel, Giorgio Hoefer-Oellinger, Hartwig E. Frimmel, Lothar Schrott
AUSTRIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2014)
Article
Geography, Physical
A. Securo, C. Del Gobbo, L. Rettig, S. Pillon, A. De Luca, D. Fontana, E. Benedetti Fasil, R. R. Colucci
Summary: Small glaciers in temperate mountain regions have experienced significant reduction and unprecedented melt rates in recent years. Some glaciers have transitioned from clean ice to debris-covered or even rock glaciers. This study examines the surface elevation change of the Popera Alto glacier in the Sesto Dolomites using LiDAR and Structure from Motion surveys, and analyzes its evolution in terms of surface cover and geomorphic processes. The glacier has lost an average of 0.35 m water equivalent per year over the past 16 years, with active modification of its surface cover by geomorphic processes. The role of debris and local topography feedback has allowed the resilience of the glacier, leading to a marked difference between the current environmental equilibrium line altitude (envELA) and the effective ELA (effELA) of the glacier.
Article
Geography, Physical
Zhenzhen Yan, Yaolin Shi, Lili Kang, Xiangtao Fan
Summary: This study proposes a quantitative regional deformation model based on global positioning system (GPS) data to quantitatively analyze the morphological evolution of rivers in the Three Rivers Region. It finds that tectonic deformation phases significantly control regional landscape development and drainage features.
Article
Geography, Physical
Said Mukhtar Ahmad, Nitheshnirmal Sadhasivam, Mona Lisa, Luigi Lombardo, Mustafa Kemal Emil, Amira Zaki, Cees J. Van Westen, Islam Fadel, Hakan Tanyas
Summary: In this study, we investigated a large slow-moving landslide in Northern Pakistan, using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis. Our results showed that the crown of the landslide is moving faster than the surrounding regions, while the footslope experienced high deformations. We discussed the possible roles of meteorologic and anthropogenic factors in causing these deformations.
Article
Geography, Physical
Shuang Bian, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, Suoya Fan, Junfeng Gong, Chao Zhou, Feng Shi, Michael A. Murphy
Summary: The Yarlung River's drainage divide is primarily moving north due to variations in precipitation across the Himalayas. The Gangdese drainage divide shows predominantly northward and southward migration, controlled by base-level rise and downstream influences. The presence of north-trending rifts separates the drainage divides into five zones, each with a distinct migration pattern.
Article
Geography, Physical
Joon-Young Park, Seok Yoon, Deuk-Hwan Lee, Seung-Rae Lee, Hwan-Hui Lim
Summary: This study developed a multiple-regression model to estimate site-specific average growth rates of debris flow events. The proposed model was validated through a case study and showed reasonable predictions of debris flow velocities and heights.
Article
Geography, Physical
Nicholas Reilly Mccarroll, Arnaud Temme
Summary: New geochronological data from hillslope boulder armor in the Flint Hills reveal the rates and timing of lateral retreat in the landscape. Surfaces of limestone boulders dating back to the Pleistocene era were found, and the ages of the hillslope armor increased with distance from the limestone bench. The estimated rate of lateral retreat in this landscape is 0.02 mm/yr.
Article
Geography, Physical
Xinbo Yao, Yuntao Tian
Summary: By studying the Longmenshan-Minshan drainage divide, we found that it has reached a dynamic steady state, indicating a balance between erosion and rock uplift. This study also reveals the process of formation and evolution of the divide and raises questions about the effectiveness of divide migration metrics.
Article
Geography, Physical
Junhui Yu, Pin Yan, Yanlin Wang, Guangjian Zhong, Changliang Chen
Summary: The seafloor mounds in the Chaoshan Depression of the South China Sea are identified as mud volcanoes, with fluids coming from underlying mud-fluid diapirs. The hydrocarbon gases feeding the mud volcanoes and diapirs are reasoned to originate from deep Mesozoic source rocks, indicating significant Mesozoic hydrocarbon potential in the Chaoshan Depression.
Article
Geography, Physical
Marius Huber, Luc Scholtes, Jerome Lave
Summary: This paper investigates the relationships between hillslope stability and fabric anisotropy of brittle rock materials and the implications for landscape shaping. It explores the different stability modes and movement characteristics of anisotropic materials, and demonstrates the significant control of material anisotropy on landscape shaping.
Article
Geography, Physical
Shubhra Sharma, Anil D. Shukla
Summary: The study investigates the relationship between glacial dynamics and lake sedimentation during the mid-Holocene climate variability in the Southern Zanskar ranges. It utilizes geomorphological disposition, elemental geochemistry, and optical chronology of relict lake sediment to reconstruct the pattern of minor glacier responses to climate variability. The results indicate six centennial to millennial-scale climatic phases, with warmer phases represented by decreased mineralogical fine grain flux and increased coarse grain flux. The study highlights the potential of relict lake sediment and para/peri-glacial landforms in understanding glacial dynamics and climate change during the Holocene.
Article
Geography, Physical
Jean-Francois Bernier, Sydney W. Meury, Patrick Lajeunesse
Summary: In this study, an approach combining various data and observation methods was proposed to improve the monitoring of landfast ice dynamics and its geomorphic impact on sedimentary systems. The results demonstrate the ability of the approach to accurately measure interannual variations in landfast ice and constrain geomorphic changes. Additionally, the study found a strong relationship between the severity of freezing seasons and the response of landfast ice to hydrometeorological events, with different geomorphic responses observed under different winter conditions.
Article
Geography, Physical
Heping Shu, Fanyu Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between susceptibility of soil-water hazards and human activities, geoheritage sites in the Loess Plateau, China. Landslide and gully erosion susceptibility were obtained using gradient boosting and support vector machines, and a hazard matrix was formed to couple landslide and gully erosion susceptibility. The study found different trends in the magnification times of soil-water hazards chain under different scenarios.
Article
Geography, Physical
Guangqiang Qian, Zhuanling Yang, Xuegang Xing, Zhibao Dong, Youyuan Guo
Summary: Granule ripples are aeolian landforms armored against erosion by coarse grains. This study investigates their seasonal morphological evolution and migration in the Sanlongsha Dune Field. The findings show that wind events, especially those exceeding the threshold velocities of coarse grains, significantly influence the morphodynamics of granule ripples. The study highlights the importance of considering the reptation and saltation of coarse grains in future research on granule ripples.