Article
Neurosciences
Giuseppe Marrazzo, Maarten J. Vaessen, Beatrice de Gelder
Summary: The study investigates the impact of critical category attributes like emotional expression on brain activity, showing that the type of task is the main determinant of brain activity, with higher activity in the VLPFC during explicit tasks. Results suggest the importance of task and category attributes in understanding the functional organization of the high-level visual cortex.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Mingtong Liu, Chang Hong Liu, Shuang Zheng, Ke Zhao, Xiaolan Fu
Summary: This study used an ALE method to meta-analyze 96 neuroimaging studies and found that the left fusiform face area plays a crucial role in facial expression processing. A revised model was constructed with prominent roles assigned to the amygdala, FFA, occipital gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus in a co-activating neural network.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
D. Merika W. Sanders, Rosemary A. Cowell
Summary: According to the Swiss Army Knife model, cognitive functions such as episodic memory and face perception are supported by specific neural substrates. However, the representational accounts propose that brain regions are best explained by the type of information they represent, rather than specialized function. In a study using functional magnetic resonance imaging, researchers investigated whether the neural signals supporting recognition memory are exclusively located in the medial temporal lobes (MTL), or if they shift within the cortex based on memory content. The results showed that memory signals for simple features were strongest in posterior visual regions and declined towards the MTL, while memory signals for complex conjunctions followed the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that recognition memory signals change according to memory content, supporting the representational accounts.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Daniel Janini, Chris Hamblin, Arturo Deza, Talia Konkle
Summary: The perception of letters relies more on general visual features than specialized letter features. Understanding the mechanism behind letter perception is of great significance.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengxu Zhuang, Siming Yan, Aran Nayebi, Martin Schrimpf, Michael C. Frank, James J. DiCarlo, Daniel L. K. Yamins
Summary: Recent advancements in unsupervised learning have narrowed the gap in using deep neural networks to model the response patterns of neurons in the primate ventral visual stream, achieving neural prediction accuracy comparable or superior to current supervised methods. These methods even produce brainlike representations when trained solely on real human child data, demonstrating potential for a biologically plausible computational theory of primate sensory learning.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel B. Ehrlich, John D. Murray
Summary: This article proposes a neural representational strategy of contingency representations that can unify working memory, planning, and context-dependent decision-making. Experimental results show that human behavior is consistent with these representations, rather than traditional sensory models of working memory.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Heidi S. Donovan, Susan M. Sereika, Lari B. Wenzel, Robert P. Edwards, Judith E. Knapp, Susan H. Hughes, Mary C. Roberge, Teresa H. Thomas, Sara Jo Klein, Michael B. Spring, Susan Nolte, Lisa M. Landrum, A. Catherine Casey, David G. Mutch, Robert L. DeBernardo, Carolyn Y. Muller, Stephanie A. Sullivan, Sandra E. Ward
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of nurse-guided and self-directed interventions to enhanced usual care in improving symptoms and quality of life for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. The results showed that both interventions had significantly greater improvements in symptom controllability compared to enhanced usual care, with no significant differences between the nurse-guided and self-directed interventions. Self-directed intervention shows potential as a scalable intervention for future implementation studies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Cameron Higgins, Mats W. J. van Es, Andrew J. Quinn, Diego Vidaurre, Mark W. Woolrich
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between high temporal resolution, stimulus-evoked neurophysiological data decoding and frequency spectra. The authors find that in instantaneous signal decoding paradigms, each sinusoidal component of the evoked response is translated to double its original frequency in the subsequent decoding accuracy timecourse. They recommend applying more aggressive low pass filtering in these paradigms to eliminate representational alias artefacts. Additionally, the authors propose using both the instantaneous magnitude and local gradient information of the signal as features for decoding to overcome interpretational challenges.
Article
Neurosciences
JohnMark Taylor, Yaoda Xu
Summary: Despite decades of research, our understanding of the relationship between color and form processing in the primate ventral visual pathway remains incomplete. Using fMRI multivoxel pattern analysis, this study found that color and form could be decoded from activity in early visual areas V1 to V4, as well as in the posterior color-selective region and shape-selective regions in ventral and lateral occipitotemporal cortex. The study also revealed decoding biases towards one feature or the other in the color-and shape-selective regions, and nonlinear, interactive coding of color and the simple form feature in several early visual regions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Deitch, Alon Rubin, Yaniv Ziv
Summary: Recent studies have shown that neuronal representations can change over time even when there are no changes in stimuli, environment, or behavior. Contrary to previous assumptions, this study found representational drift across multiple visual areas, cortical layers, and cell types, with stability in population activity patterns despite individual neuron changes. The structure of relationships between population activity patterns may underlie stable visual perception despite continuous changes in neuronal responses.
Article
Neurosciences
Shan Xu, Xingyu Liu, Jorge Almeida, Dietmar Heinke
Summary: Recent studies have shown that both the ventral and dorsal visual streams respond to action relations between objects, with contributions from each stream differentiating their neural activities. The involvement of either stream in the automatic extraction of action relations is not solely dependent on familiarity of the objects, suggesting a division of labor between the two visual streams.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tejinder P. Singh
Summary: This article introduces a pre-quantum, pre-spacetime theory that describes octonionic spacetime through matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics. The theory offers the possibility of unifying the internal symmetries of the standard model with gravity and can predict the values of free parameters in the low-energy standard model.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Vladislav Ayzenberg, Marlene Behrmann
Summary: This study reveals the specific functional contributions of the dorsal visual pathway to object recognition. The dorsal cortex computes the spatial relations among an object's parts and transmits this information to the ventral pathway to support object categorization. The dorsal cortex is a crucial source of input to the ventral pathway and may support the ability to categorize objects based on global shape.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nadia S. Canario, Lilia P. Jorge, Isabel J. Santana, Miguel S. Castelo-Branco
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the neural response patterns in the ventral visual stream regions in patients with mild AD. The results showed region dependent functional reorganization and compensatory activity in frontal and cingulate networks.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nitzan Geva, Daniel Deitch, Alon Rubin, Yaniv Ziv
Summary: Hippocampal activity is critical for spatial memory, but the coding of hippocampal neurons gradually changes over time, a phenomenon known as representational drift. The passage of time and the amount of experience are two factors that affect memory, but their specific influence on hippocampal representational drift is still unclear.