Article
Physics, Applied
F. Klingbeil, S. D. Stoelting, J. McCord
Summary: Temperature measurements are essential in laboratory and industry settings. The study demonstrates the use of magnetooptical active iron garnet films to relate magnetic and micromagnetic features to temperature sensing. The accuracy of perceiving temperatures below 0.1 degrees C is achieved through analyzing the susceptibility changes in magnetic domain walls and magnetooptical signal amplitude.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sandra Ruiz-Gomez, Anna Mandziak, Laura Martin-Garcia, Jose Emilio Prieto, Pilar Prieto, Carmen Munuera, Michael Foerster, Adrian Quesada, Lucia Aballe, Juan de la Figuera
Summary: This study conducted a detailed analysis of the structural, magnetic, and chemical properties of non-stoichiometric cobalt ferrite micrometric crystals. With the use of advanced techniques such as x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, photoemission microscopy, low-energy electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, the magnetization vector inside the crystals was resolved at the nanoscale, and the location of magnetic domain walls was correlated with different types of defects. The findings are crucial for understanding the magnetic properties of thin films and nanostructures.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yongtao Liu, Roger Proksch, Chun Yin Wong, Maxim Ziatdinov, Sergei Kalinin
Summary: This study explored domain dynamics in model polycrystalline materials using deep learning and rVAE methods. The research found that these methods can be used to unambiguously identify and classify ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain walls, providing insights into the intrinsic mechanisms of polarization switching.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
C. Bran, J. A. Fernandez-Roldan, J. A. Moreno, A. Fraile Rodriguez, R. P. del Real, A. Asenjo, E. Saugar, J. Marques-Marchan, H. Mohammed, M. Foerster, L. Aballe, J. Kosel, M. Vazquez, O. Chubykalo-Fesenko
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of domain walls in cylindrical magnetic Ni nanowires with geometrical notches. Experimental results show that larger current densities induce domain wall nucleation, while smaller currents preferentially move domain walls in the antiparallel direction to the current. Thermal modeling suggests that larger current densities temporarily raise the temperature in the nanowire above the Curie temperature, resulting in the nucleation of domain walls during system cooling. Micromagnetic modeling reveals that for intermediate current densities, Bloch point domain walls with chirality parallel to the Oersted field propagate antiparallel to the current direction.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Durgesh Kumar, Hong Jing Chung, JianPeng Chan, Tianli Jin, Sze Ter Lim, Stuart S. P. Parkin, Rachid Sbiaa, S. N. Piramanayagam
Summary: Neuromorphic computing is a potential technology for low-power intelligent devices. Spintronics-based neurons and synapses have higher endurance, but low-energy domain wall devices are preferred for low-power devices. By engineering the beta-W spin-orbit coupling material, we achieve low-current density DW motion with ultralow energy consumption and current density reduction.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Andrew P. Roberts, Xiang Zhao, Pengxiang Hu, Alexandra Abrajevitch, Yen-Hua Chen, Richard J. Harrison, David Heslop, Zhaoxia Jiang, Jinhua Li, Qingsong Liu, Adrian R. Muxworthy, Hirokuni Oda, Hugh St C. O'Neill, Brad J. Pillans, Tetsuro Sato
Summary: Hematite carries important magnetic signals for various studies, and analyzing FORC diagrams can provide insights into the domain state and magnetostatic interactions of magnetic particles. The features observed in hematite samples, such as ridge-type and kidney-shaped FORC signatures, are influenced by the triaxial basal plane anisotropy of the mineral. The balance between uniaxial and triaxial switching determines the dominant FORC distribution type in a sample, explaining the intrinsic magnetization switching and anisotropy features of hematite.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xiaolei Li, Huifang Qiao, Yabin Niu, Runliang Gao, Huiliang Wu, Yuchen Ye, Qingfang Liu, Jianbo Wang
Summary: In this study, we investigated the linear relationship between domain wall creep parameters and the effect of material parameters on magnetic domain wall creep in Pt/Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The results confirmed the linear relationship between the domain wall creep parameters in samples with different magnetic layer thicknesses, as both parameters were primarily influenced by the Co layer thickness and proportional to it. Additionally, the domain wall creep parameters also followed a linear relationship with the assistance of surface acoustic waves. This suggests a relationship between anisotropy density K and local pinning strength f(pin): f(pin) tends to approach K-1/8.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hasibur Rahaman, Durgesh Kumar, Hong Jing Chung, Ramu Maddu, Sze Ter Lim, Tianli Jin, S. N. Piramanayagam
Summary: Neuromorphic computing (NC) is a potential approach for energy-efficient artificial intelligence. One of the candidates for NC is the spin-orbit torque-driven domain wall (DW) devices. However, the experimental realization of DW-based NC is at an early stage. In this study, pine-tree DW devices based on Laplace pressure on elastic DWs are investigated for achieving synaptic functionalities and diode-like characteristics. Micromagnetic simulations are used to understand the experimental findings and estimate the Laplace pressure for different design parameters. The study provides a strategy for fabricating multifunctional DW devices with synaptic properties and diode characteristics.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Fabrizio Riente, Domenico Giuliano, Luca Gnoli, Valentin Ahrens, Massimo Ruo Roch, Markus Becherer, Giovanna Turvani, Marco Vacca
Summary: This study demonstrates how Ga+ ion irradiation can be used to modify the material properties and trap domain walls at specific positions. The driving force required to overcome the irradiated regions depends on the ion dose. This reliable approach enables precise control of the domain wall position during motion.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Paul Heistracher, Claas Abert, Florian Bruckner, Thomas Schrefl, Dieter Suess
Summary: In this paper, we propose a novel micromagnetic standard problem for calculating the coercive field required to unpin a domain wall at the interface of a multiphase magnet. This problem is sensitive to discontinuities in material parameters such as the exchange interaction, uniaxial anisotropy, and spontaneous magnetization. We derive an explicit treatment of the jump conditions at material interfaces for the exchange interaction in the finite-difference discretization. The micromagnetic simulation results are compared with analytical solutions, showing good agreement. The proposed standard problem is suitable for testing the implementation of both finite-difference and finite-element simulation codes.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taekhyeon Lee, Seyeop Jeong, Sanghoon Kim, Kab-Jin Kim
Summary: Precise control of magnetic domain wall motion is crucial for spintronic devices. A novel method for reconfigurable domain wall pinning is proposed, based on the dipolar interactions between two domain walls in different magnetic layers. The repulsion between the domain walls allows for modulating the pinning position, which was experimentally demonstrated for current-driven motion. These findings expand the functionality of domain wall-based devices in spintronic applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raphael Gruber, Jakub Zazvorka, Maarten A. Brems, Davi R. Rodrigues, Takaaki Dohi, Nico Kerber, Boris Seng, Mehran Vafaee, Karin Everschor-Sitte, Peter Virnau, Mathias Klaeui
Summary: The study shows that skyrmions are pinned at their boundaries rather than at their cores. The pinning effects are strongly influenced by a complex pinning energy landscape, which goes beyond the conventional effective rigid quasi-particle description. This results in complex skyrmion shape distortions and allows for dynamic switching of pinning sites and flexible tuning of the pinning.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Misel Iminabo, Alex C. K. Yip, John T. Iminabo, Shusheng Pang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of a mixture of MgO and titanomagnetite on the pyrolysis of radiata pine wood at 850 degrees C. The results showed that the addition of MgO-titanomagnetite reduced gas yield compared to titanomagnetite alone, but improved it compared to MgO alone. The addition of the mixture increased hydrogen concentration in the gas product, reduced CO concentration, and increased the formation of -CO2 and light olefins. The total concentration of ethylene and propylene was significantly higher with the mixture compared to other catalysts. The study concluded that physically mixed MgO and titanomagnetite is a promising catalyst for converting biomass into a hydrogen-rich gas product through high-temperature pyrolysis.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Misel Iminabo, Alex C. K. Yip, John T. Iminabo, Shusheng Pang
Summary: This study investigated the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis of radiata pine for the production of high-value gas products. The results show that the addition of titanomagnetite as a catalyst can increase gas yield and lower heating value, as well as promote the formation of oxygenated compounds in tar.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Changhao Zhao, Shuang Gao, Hans-Joachim Kleebe, Xiaoli Tan, Jurij Koruza, Jurgen Rodel
Summary: In this study, highly effective piezoelectric hardening was achieved by introducing coherent plate-like precipitates in the (Li,Na)NbO3 (LNN) solid solution, which reduced the electromechanical quality factor. The properties were optimized by controlling the size, number density, and location of the precipitates. These results provide new directions for the application of piezoelectric materials.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
H. A. Sheikh, B. A. Maher, V Karloukovski, G. Lampronti, R. J. Harrison
Summary: This study reports the characterization of anthropogenic magnetic particulate matter collected from roadside Callistemon trees in Lahore, Pakistan. The researchers used first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams to differentiate between different sources of anthropogenic magnetic particles. The results showed that FORC fingerprints have the potential to identify and quantify the relative contributions from exhaust and non-exhaust emissions.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pengfei Xue, Liao Chang, Zhaowen Pei, Richard J. Harrison
Summary: The origin of giant magnetofossils has remained a mystery due to the absence of modern analogues. This study discovered abundant giant magnetofossils in North Atlantic marine sediments, not only during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum but also before and after this period. The findings suggest that giant biogenic magnetite crystals were not exclusively produced during ancient hyperthermal events.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Fan Bai, Liao Chang, Zhaowen Pei, Richard J. Harrison, Michael Winklhofer
Summary: By constructing micromagnetic models with realistic biogenic greigite particles, this study provides reliable magnetic criteria to detect biogenic greigite in a wide range of environmental and geological settings.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Plinio Jaqueto, Ricardo I. F. Trindade, Filipe Terra-Nova, Joshua M. Feinberg, Valdir F. Novello, Nicolas M. Strikis, Peter Schroedl, Vitor Azevedo, Beck E. Strauss, Francisco W. Cruz, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards
Summary: Speleothems can provide continuous and high-quality records of the geomagnetic field. The paleomagnetic records of a mid-to-late Holocene stalagmite from Brazil show small angular variations and relatively steady paleointensity, contrasting with the fast variations observed in younger speleothems from the same region.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leonard O. Ohenhen, Joshua M. Feinberg, Lee D. Slater, Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, Miriam Rios-Sanchez, Carl W. Isaacson, Alexis Stricker, Estella A. Atekwana
Summary: Iron mineral transformations are linked to the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, and magnetic susceptibility measurements are useful for monitoring the natural attenuation of hydrocarbons. However, certain magnetic susceptibility perturbations remain poorly understood, and the characteristics of iron mineral phases associated with these perturbations are largely unknown, requiring further research.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhaowen Pei, Liao Chang, Pengfei Xue, Richard J. Harrison
Summary: This study presents a machine learning framework called MagNet for automated recognition and classification of magnetic mineral grains in microscopic images. The framework performs well in identifying and classifying magnetofossil nanoparticles and can be extended to process different types of mineral images. This tool is important for extracting key quantitative information of magnetic mineral populations within diverse samples for interpreting Earth and planetary processes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Even S. Nikolaisen, Karl Fabian, Richard Harrison, Suzanne A. McEnroe
Summary: Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a commonly used method to assess various geological properties. The study reveals that the behavior and magnetic response of magnetite inclusions vary between single-domain (SD) and multi-domain particles.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Po-Yen Tung, Hassan A. Sheikh, Matthew Ball, Farhang Nabiei, Richard J. Harrison
Summary: A machine learning approach is proposed to identify unknown micro- and nano-sized mineral phases and unmix their overlapped chemical signals. The approach shows reliability and accuracy in synthetic mixture and real-world particulate matter samples, providing a significant improvement to mineralogical and chemical analysis.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Burton-Johnson, T. R. Riley, R. J. Harrison, C. Mac Niocaill, J. R. Muraszko, P. D. Rowley
Summary: This paper applies magnetic fabric analyses to plutons of the East Pacific continental arc. The study reveals that continental arc magmatism exhibits strong episodic characteristics and is associated with enhanced interplate coupling and fast subduction. Magmatic flare-ups typically occur during periods of increased tectonic compression and cease when the compression reduces or becomes extensional. The enhanced magmatic flux can be attributed to crustal thickening leading to partial melting of a newly accreted, hydrous mafic underplate, enhanced melt segregation in the source, or the lithostatic compression becoming the weakest compressive force, facilitating magma extraction and ascent from the mantle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashley J. King, Luke Daly, James Rowe, Katherine H. Joy, Richard C. Greenwood, Hadrien A. R. Devillepoix, Martin D. Suttle, Queenie H. S. Chan, Sara S. Russell, Helena C. Bates, James F. J. Bryson, Patricia L. Clay, Denis Vida, Martin R. Lee, Aine O'Brien, Lydia J. Hallis, Natasha R. Stephen, Romain Tartese, Eleanor K. Sansom, Martin C. Towner, Martin Cupak, Patrick M. Shober, Phil A. Bland, Ross Findlay, Ian A. Franchi, Alexander B. Verchovsky, Feargus A. J. Abernethy, Monica M. Grady, Cameron J. Floyd, Matthias Van Ginneken, John Bridges, Leon J. Hicks, Rhian H. Jones, Jennifer T. Mitchell, Matthew J. Genge, Laura Jenkins, Pierre-Etienne Martin, Mark A. Sephton, Jonathan S. Watson, Tobias Salge, Katherine A. Shirley, Rowan J. Curtis, Tristram J. Warren, Neil E. Bowles, Finlay M. Stuart, Luigia Di Nicola, Domokos Gyore, Adrian J. Boyce, Kathryn M. M. Shaw, Tim Elliott, Robert C. J. Steele, Pavel Povinec, Matthias Laubenstein, David Sanderson, Alan Cresswell, Anthony J. T. Jull, Ivan Sykora, Sanjana Sridhar, Richard J. Harrison, Francesca M. Willcocks, Catherine S. Harrison, Daniel Hallatt, Penny J. Wozniakiewicz, Mark J. Burchell, Luke S. Alesbrook, Aishling Dignam, Natasha Almeida, Caroline L. Smith, Brett Clark, Emma R. Humphreys-Williams, Paul F. Schofield, Luke T. Cornwell, Vassilia Spathis, Geraint H. Morgan, Mark J. Perkins, Richard Kacerek, Peter Campbell-Burns, Francois Colas, Brigitte Zanda, Pierre Vernazza, Sylvain Bouley, Simon Jeanne, Mike Hankey, Gareth S. Collins, John S. Young, Clive Shaw, Jana Horak, Dave Jones, Nick James, Steve Bosley, Alan Shuttleworth, Paul Dickinson, Ian McMullan, Derek Robson, Andrew R. D. Smedley, Ben Stanley, Richard Bassom, Mark McIntyre, Adam A. Suttle, Richard Fleet, Luc Bastiaens, Mira B. Ihasz, Sarah McMullan, Sarah J. Boazman, Zach Dickeson, Peter M. Grindrod, Annemarie E. Pickersgill, Colin J. Weir, Fiona M. Suttle, Sarah Farrelly, Ieun Spencer, Sheeraz Naqvi, Ben Mayne, Dan Skilton, Dan Kirk, Ann Mounsey, Sally E. Mounsey, Sarah Mounsey, Pamela Godfrey, Lachlan Bond, Victoria Bond, Cathryn Wilcock, Hannah Wilcock, Rob Wilcock
Summary: Direct links between carbonaceous chondrites and their parent bodies in the solar system are rare. The Winchcombe meteorite, being the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall, provides evidence of the composition and origins of these meteorites. Its composition, largely unmodified by terrestrial environment, contains hydrated silicates and organic matter, including soluble protein amino acids. Furthermore, its near-pristine hydrogen isotopic composition is similar to that of Earth's hydrosphere, suggesting the role of volatile-rich carbonaceous asteroids in the origin of Earth's water.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard J. M. Taylor, Steven M. Reddy, David W. Saxey, William D. A. Rickard, Fengzai Tang, Caue S. Borlina, Roger R. Fu, Benjamin P. Weiss, Paul Bagot, Helen M. Williams, Richard J. Harrison
Summary: Researchers have discovered magnetite inclusions in zircon grains from the Jack Hills, which potentially carry a record of Earth's magnetic field dating back 4.2 billion years ago. The magnetite may be secondary in nature, suggesting a younger magnetic record than the zircon's crystallization age. The study reveals that the formation of secondary magnetite and the remobilization of lead and iron occurred after 3.4 billion years ago. This finding provides new opportunities to enhance our understanding of the Archean geodynamo. Rating: 9 out of 10.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. D. Lee, S. McEnroe, Z. Pastore, N. Church, P. Schmidt
Summary: Inverse modeling was conducted on the magnetic minerals in a thin section of Black Hill Norite in South Australia. The study revealed that the presence of magnetite lamellae or its proximity to ilmenite grains can result in changes in magnetic intensity and direction. The use of tabular arrays for modeling produced a closer match to the observed anomaly compared to singular volume models.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kathryn K. Hobart, Zhaazhaawaanong Greensky, Kimberly Hernandez, Joshua M. Feinberg, Jake V. Bailey, Daniel S. Jones
Summary: Microbial communities in the Duluth Complex have implications for evaluating the reclamation of mine waste and show differences in microbial composition across different environments.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Annemarieke Beguin, Karl Fabian, Nathan S. S. Church, Suzanne A. A. McEnroe
Summary: This study establishes an improved method to distinguish demagnetizing effects from internal stress in natural magnetite samples based on temperature-dependent hysteresis measurements. It confirms that interface strain and partial oxidation in complex microstructures create large internal stress in magnetite minerals.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Beth A. Fisher, Kyungsoo Yoo, Anthony K. Aufdenkampe, Edward A. Nater, Joshua M. Feinberg, Jonathan E. Nyquist
Summary: The specific surface area (SSA) of minerals increases as they weather and restructure into secondary minerals. SSA is an important property that affects soil processes such as water-holding capacity and nutrient availability. Our measurements of SSA in two 21 m deep profiles revealed that a small percentage of secondary oxide minerals contributed significantly to the total SSA. The transition in SSA occurred at 3 m depth and coincided with the presence of secondary iron oxide minerals and secondary phyllosilicates.
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2023)
