Article
Microbiology
Kin Kui Lai, James B. B. Munro, Guoli Shi, Saliha Majdoul, Alex A. A. Compton, Alan Rein
Summary: Serine incorporator 5 (Ser5) is a host antiviral factor against HIV-1, gammaretroviruses, and Influenza A virus (IAV). It inhibits virus-cell fusion by interacting with HA proteins and destabilizing the pre-fusion conformation of IAV HA. This study provides insights into the antiviral mechanism of Ser5.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinsung Yang
Summary: Viruses need to overcome the plasma membrane barrier to infect cells and replicate in hosts, so they bind to cell surface receptors as the first step of entry. They can use various molecules to evade defense mechanisms. Different defense mechanisms are induced upon viral entry, including autophagy, which degrades cellular components. However, the mechanisms by which viral binding to receptors regulates autophagy are not fully established. This review discusses recent findings on autophagy induced by virus-receptor interactions and provides new insights into the regulation of autophagy by viruses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yulu Chen, Fei Wang, Liwei Yin, Haihai Jiang, Xishan Lu, Yuhai Bi, Wei Zhang, Yi Shi, Roberto Burioni, Zhou Tong, Hao Song, Jianxun Qi, George F. Gao
Summary: The human broadly neutralizing antibody PN-SIA28 can bind to different hemagglutinins from various influenza viruses and bat-origin hemagglutinins. Structural analysis reveals that PN-SIA28 binds to a highly conserved epitope in different hemagglutinins, providing information for the design of more potent antibodies and influenza vaccines.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Judith Mary Reyes Ballista, Kerri L. Miazgowicz, Marissa D. Acciani, Ariana R. Jimenez, Ryan S. Belloli, Katherine E. Havranek, Melinda A. Brindley
Summary: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes chikungunya fever and currently there are no licensed vaccines or antivirals available. Therefore, preventing viral attachment to host cells is a potential intervention strategy.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Marie-France Martin, Ghizlane Maarifi, Herve Abiven, Marine Seffals, Nicolas Mouchet, Cecile Beck, Charles Bodet, Nicolas Leveque, Nathalie J. Arhel, Fabien P. Blanchet, Yannick Simonin, Sebastien Nisole
Summary: Usutu virus (USUV) has a greater propensity to infect Langerhans cells (LCs) in human skin, facilitated by the LC-specific receptor langerin. LCs replicate USUV more efficiently and elicit a stronger innate immune response compared to West Nile virus (WNV).
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Chieh-Yu Liang, Iris Huang, Julianna Han, Boopathi Sownthirarajan, Katarina Kulhankova, Nathan B. Murray, Mehrnoush Taherzadeh, Stephanie Archer-Hartmann, Lauran Pepi, Senthamizharasi Manivasagam, Jesse Plung, Miranda Sturtz, Yolanda Yu, Olivia A. Vogel, Matheswaran Kandasamy, Francoise A. Gourronc, Aloysius J. Klingelhutz, Biswa Choudhury, Lijun Rong, Jasmine T. Perez, Parastoo Azadi, Paul B. McCray Jr, Sriram Neelamegham, Balaji Manicassamy
Summary: Different strains of influenza A viruses can utilize various types of glycoconjugates for host cell infection, and avian influenza A viruses demonstrate a broader repertoire of glycoconjugates compared to human influenza A viruses. This study highlights the importance of glycoconjugates in the infection process and the adaptability of avian influenza A viruses.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keiji Ueda, Yadarat Suwanmanee
Summary: The precise mechanism of HBV entry into cells is still largely unknown. However, researchers have identified ATP5B as an essential factor for HBV entry, which is believed to bind with myristoylated preS1 2-47. Knockdown of ATP5B in NTCP-expressing HepG2 cells reduced HBV infectivity, indicating that ATP5B is involved in the HBV entry process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Hazel Sutherland, Michaela J. Conley, Edward Emmott, James Streetley, Ian G. Goodfellow, David Bhella
Summary: Vesivirus 2117, an adventitious agent, has caused decreased productivity in biopharmaceutical production due to contamination of cell cultures. The structure of its capsid differs significantly from that of FCV, potentially affecting virus-host cell attachment mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Danica M. Sutherland, Michael Strebl, Melanie Koehler, Olivia L. Welsh, Xinzhe Yu, Liya Hu, Rita dos Santos Natividade, Jonathan J. Knowlton, Gwen M. Taylor, Rodolfo A. Moreno, Patrick Woerz, Zachery R. Lonergan, Pavithra Aravamudhan, Camila Guzman-Cardozo, Sukhleen Kour, Udai Bhan Pandey, David Alsteens, Zhao Wang, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, Thilo Stehle, Terence S. Dermody
Summary: NgR1 is a receptor that binds various structurally dissimilar ligands in the adult central nervous system to inhibit axon extension. Disruption of ligand binding to NgR1 can improve neuron outgrowth, making NgR1 an important therapeutic target for neurological conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Virology
Louisa E. Wallace, Erik de Vries, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld, Cornelis A. M. de Haan
Summary: This study systematically analyzed the role of sialoglycan-cleaving neuraminidase (NA) in viral entry in relation to sialoglycan-binding hemagglutinin (HA) receptor-binding preference, the receptor repertoire displayed on cells, and the presence of mucus decoy receptors. It was found that the dependency on NA activity for influenza A virus (IAV) entry largely depends on HA, with a2-6 sialoglycan-binding viruses being more inhibited by NA inhibitor than a2-3 sialoglycan-preferring viruses. The results indicate that the receptor-binding properties of HA in combination with the receptor repertoire present on cells determine the dependency of IAV on NA activity for entry.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Weining Wu, Polly Roy
Summary: This study provides direct evidence that sialic acids act as key receptors for Bluetongue virus (BTV) attachment and entry in both mammalian and insect cells. VP2, the outer capsid protein, specifically binds sialic acids during BTV entry.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisa Franzi, Gregory Mathez, Soraya Dinant, Charlotte Deloizy, Laurent Kaiser, Caroline Tapparel, Ronan Le Goffic, Valeria Cagno
Summary: Influenza virus is a major cause of respiratory infections worldwide, and finding alternative antiviral strategies is necessary despite the availability of vaccines and antiviral drugs. This study identifies non-steroidal estrogens as potent inhibitors of influenza virus by interacting with the hemagglutinin protein to prevent viral entry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Alison Simancas-Racines, Santiago Cadena-Ullauri, Patricia Guevara-Ramirez, Ana Karina Zambrano, Daniel Simancas-Racines
Summary: Avian influenza is a contagious disease that causes high avian mortality, leading to economic losses and increased costs for disease control. It is caused by an RNA virus and only Influenzavirus A can infect birds. The pathogenicity of avian influenza is based on the lethality, signs, and molecular characteristics of the virus. Low pathogenic avian influenza has a low mortality rate, while highly pathogenic avian influenza can cross barriers and damage all tissues with a high mortality rate. The zoonotic potential of avian influenza has made it a global public health concern.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ankur Midha, Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins, Felix Goerdeler, Oren Moscovitz, Peter H. Seeberger, Karsten Tedin, Luca D. Bertzbach, Bernd Lepenies, Susanne Hartmann
Summary: Ascariasis is a global health issue affecting both humans and animals, with adult Ascaris nematodes forming chronic infections in the host intestine by interacting with host cells and the microbiota. The parasite-secreted protein AsCTL-42 plays a role in the triad relationship between Ascaris, host cells, and the microbiota, by neutralizing bacterial cells without killing them and reducing invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Fei Feng, Ellen M. Bouma, Gaowei Hu, Yunkai Zhu, Yin Yu, Jolanda M. Smit, Michael S. Diamond, Rong Zhang
Summary: Arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), primarily infect joint tissues and cause chronic rheumatic diseases. Recently identified receptor MXRA8 plays a role in the cell entry process of several arthritogenic alphaviruses, but its specific functions are still unclear. This study shows that MXRA8 is present in various cellular compartments and interacts with CHIKV at the cell surface, suggesting its involvement in the internalization of the virus. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of alphavirus infection and offer potential targets for antiviral drug development.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Joon Hyung Kim, Robert Johnson, Martina Kovac, Anthony L. Cunningham, Mohamed Amakrane, Keith M. Sullivan, Alemnew F. Dagnew, Desmond Curran, Anne Schuind
Summary: Herpes zoster and HZ-associated pain significantly impact the quality of life of older and immunocompromised adults. The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine has been proven effective in preventing HZ and reducing pain severity in healthy and immunocompromised adults. It also reduces the duration of HZ-associated pain and pain medication use, thus improving patients' quality of life.
Letter
Immunology
Kirstie M. Bertram, Thomas R. O'Neil, Erica E. Vine, Heeva Baharlou, Anthony L. Cunningham, Andrew N. Harman
Letter
Virology
Peter Speck, Jason Mackenzie, Rowena A. Bull, Barry Slobedman, Heidi Drummer, Johanna Fraser, Lara Herrero, Karla Helbig, Sarah Londrigan, Gregory Moseley, Natalie Prow, Grant Hansman, Robert Edwards, Chantelle Ahlenstiel, Allison Abendroth, David Tscharke, Jody Hobson-Peters, Robson Kriiger-Loterio, Rhys Parry, Glenn Marsh, Emma Harding, David A. Jacques, Matthew J. Gartner, Wen Shi Lee, Julie McAuley, Paola Vaz, Frank Sainsbury, Michelle D. Tate, Jane Sinclair, Allison Imrie, Stephen Rawlinson, Andrew Harman, Jillian M. Carr, Ebony A. Monson, Merilyn Hibma, Timothy J. Mahony, Thomas Tu, Robert J. Center, Lok Bahadur Shrestha, Robyn Hall, Morgyn Warner, Vernon Ward, Danielle E. Anderson, Nicholas S. Eyre, Natalie E. Netzler, Alison J. Peel, Peter Revill, Michael Beard, Alistair R. Legione, Alexandra J. Spencer, Adi Idris, Jade Forwood, Subir Sarker, Damian F. J. Purcell, Nathan Bartlett, Joshua M. Deerain, Bruce J. Brew, Sassan Asgari, Helen Farrell, Alexander Khromykh, Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu, David Anderson, Sevim Mese, Yaman Tayyar, Kathryn Edenborough, Jasim Muhammad Uddin, Abrar Hussain, Connor J. I. Daymond, Jacinta Agius, Karyn N. Johnson, Paniz Shirmast, Mahdi Abedinzadeshahri, Robin MacDiarmid, Caroline L. Ashley, Jay Laws, Lucy L. Furfaro, Thomas D. Burton, Stephen M. R. Johnson, Zahra Telikani, Mary Petrone, Justin A. Roby, Carolyn Samer, Andreas Suhrbier, April van der Kamp, Anthony Cunningham, Celeste Donato, Jackie Mahar, Wesley D. Black, Subhash Vasudevan, Roman Lenchine, Kirsten Spann, Daniel J. Rawle, Penny Rudd, Jessica Neil, Richard Kingston, Timothy P. Newsome, Ki Wook Kim, Johnson Mak, Kym Lowry, Nathan Bryant, Joanne Meers, Jason A. Roberts, Nigel McMillan, Larisa I. Labzin, Andrii Slonchak, Leon E. Hugo, Bennett Henzeler, Natalee D. Newton, Cassandra T. David, Patrick C. Reading, Camille Esneau, Tatiana Briody, Najla Nasr, Donna McNeale, Brian McSharry, Omid Fakhri, Bethany A. Horsburgh, Grant Logan, Paul Howley, Paul Young
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Philippa M. Saunders, Andrew G. Brooks, Jamie Rossjohn
Summary: Presentation of signal peptides by HLA-E to natural killer cells prevents cell lysis by interacting with the inhibitory CD94-NKG2A receptor. A study now shows an unexpected level of sophistication and heterogeneity in this receptor-ligand interaction.
Letter
Microbiology
Peter Speck, Jason Mackenzie, Rowena A. Bull, Barry Slobedman, Heidi Drummer, Johanna Fraser, Lara Herrero, Karla Helbig, Sarah Londrigan, Gregory Moseley, Natalie Prow, Grant Hansman, Robert Edwards, Chantelle Ahlenstiel, Allison Abendroth, David Tscharke, Jody Hobson-Peters, Robson Kriiger-Loterio, Rhys Parry, Glenn Marsh, Emma Harding, David A. Jacques, Matthew J. Gartner, Wen Shi Lee, Julie McAuley, Paola Vaz, Frank Sainsbury, Michelle D. Tate, Jane Sinclair, Allison Imrie, Stephen Rawlinson, Andrew Harman, Jillian M. Carr, Ebony A. Monson, Merilyn Hibma, Timothy J. Mahony, Thomas Tu, Robert J. Center, Lok Bahadur Shrestha, Robyn Hall, Morgyn Warner, Vernon Ward, Danielle E. Anderson, Nicholas S. Eyre, Natalie E. Netzler, Alison J. Peel, Peter Revill, Michael Beard, Alistair R. Legione, Alexandra J. Spencer, Adi Idris, Jade Forwood, Subir Sarker, Damian F. J. Purcell, Nathan Bartlett, Joshua M. Deerain, Bruce J. Brew, Sassan Asgari, Helen Farrell, Alexander Khromykh, Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu, David Anderson, Sevim Mese, Yaman Tayyar, Kathryn Edenborough, Jasim Muhammad Uddin, Abrar Hussain, Connor J. Daymond, Jacinta Agius, Karyn N. Johnson, Paniz Shirmast, Mahdi Abedinzadeshahri, Robin MacDiarmid, Caroline L. Ashley, Jay Laws, Lucy L. Furfaro, Thomas D. Burton, Stephen M. R. Johnson, Zahra Telikani, Mary Petrone, Justin A. Roby, Carolyn Samer, Andreas Suhrbier, April van der Kamp, Anthony Cunningham, Celeste Donato, Jackie Mahar, Wesley D. Black, Subhash Vasudevan, Roman Lenchine, Kirsten Spann, Daniel J. Rawle, Penny Rudd, Jessica Neil, Richard Kingston, Timothy P. Newsome, Ki Wook Kim, Johnson Mak, Kym Lowry, Nathan Bryant, Joanne Meers, Jason A. Roberts, Nigel McMillan, Larisa I. Labzin, Andrii Slonchak, Leon E. Hugo, Bennett Henzeler, Natalee D. Newton, Cassandra T. David, Patrick C. Reading, Camille Esneau, Tatiana Briody, Najla Nasr, Donna McNeale, Brian McSharry, Omid Fakhri, Bethany A. Horsburgh, Grant Logan, Paul Howley, Paul Young
Letter
Microbiology
Peter Speck, Jason Mackenzie, Rowena A. Bull, Barry Slobedman, Heidi Drummer, Johanna Fraser, Lara Herrero, Karla Helbig, Sarah Londrigan, Gregory Moseley, Natalie Prow, Grant Hansman, Robert Edwards, Chantelle Ahlenstiel, Allison Abendroth, David Tscharke, Jody Hobson-Peters, Robson Kriiger-Loterio, Rhys Parry, Glenn Marsh, Emma Harding, David A. Jacques, Matthew J. Gartner, Wen Shi Lee, Julie McAuley, Paola Vaz, Frank Sainsbury, Michelle D. Tate, Jane Sinclair, Allison Imrie, Stephen Rawlinson, Andrew Harman, Jillian M. Carr, Ebony A. Monson, Merilyn Hibma, Timothy J. Mahony, Thomas Tu, Robert J. Center, Lok Bahadur Shrestha, Robyn Hall, Morgy Warner, Vernon Ward, Danielle E. Anderson, Nicholas S. Eyre, Natalie E. Netzler, Alison J. Peel, Peter Revill, Michael Beard, Alistair R. Legione, Alexandra J. Spencer, Adi Idris, Jade Forwood, Subir Sarker, Damian F. J. Purcell, Nathan Bartlett, Joshua M. Deerain, Bruce J. Brew, Sassan Asgari, Helen Farrell, Alexander Khromykh, Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu, David Anderson, Sevim Mese, Yaman Tayyar, Kathryn Edenborough, Jasim Muhammad Uddin, Abrar Hussain, Connor J. I. Daymond, Jacinta Agius, Karyn N. Johnson, Paniz Shirmast, Mahdi Abedinzadeshahri, Robin MacDiarmid, Caroline L. Ashley, Jay Laws, Lucy L. Furfaro, Thomas D. Burton, Stephen M. R. Johnson, Zahra Telikani, Mary Petrone, Justin A. Roby, Carolyn Samer, Andreas Suhrbier, April van der Kamp, Anthony Cunningham, Celeste Donato, Jackie Mahar, Wesley D. Black, Subhash Vasudevan, Roman Lenchine, Kirsten Spann, Daniel J. Rawle, Penny Rudd, Jessica Neil, Richard Kingston, Timothy P. Newsome, Ki Wook Kim, Johnson Mak, Kym Lowry, Nathan Bryant, Joanne Meers, Jason A. Roberts, Nigel McMillan, Larisa I. Labzin, Andrii Slonchak, Leon E. Hugo, Bennett Henzeler, Natalee D. Newton, Cassandra T. David, Patrick C. Reading, Camille Esneau, Tatiana Briody, Najla Nasr, Donna McNeale, Brian McSharry, Omid Fakhri, Bethany A. Horsburgh, Grant Logan, Paul Howley, Paul Young
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anouschka Akerman, Vanessa Milogiannakis, Tyra Jean, Camille Esneau, Mariana Ruiz Silva, Timothy Ison, Christina Fichter, Joseph A. Lopez, Deborah Chandra, Zin Naing, Joanna Caguicla, Daiyang Li, Gregory Walker, Supavadee Amatayakul-Chantler, Nathan Roth, Sandro Manni, Thomas Hauser, Thomas Barnes, Anna Condylios, Malinna Yeang, Maureen Wong, Charles S. P. Foster, Kenta Sato, Sharon Lee, Yang Song, Lijun Mao, Allison Sigmund, Amy Phu, Ann Marie Vande More, Stephanie Hunt, Mark Douglas, Ian Caterson, Warwick Britton, Kerrie Sandgren, Rowena Bull, Andrew Lloyd, Jamie Triccas, Stuart Tangye, Nathan W. Bartlett, David Darley, Gail Matthews, Damien J. Stark, Kathy Petoumenos, William D. Rawlinson, Ben Murrell, Fabienne Brilot, Anthony L. Cunningham, Anthony D. Kelleher, Anupriya Aggarwal, Stuart G. Turville
Summary: This study monitored the neutralization potency and breadth of antibodies against Omicron variants over time. The findings show that the antibody response to Omicron variants has been maturing, with increased breadth observed even to variants that were not yet in circulation.
Article
Microbiology
Tina Meischel, Svenja Fritzlar, Fernando Villalon-Letelier, Jeffrey M. Smith, Andrew G. Brooks, Patrick C. Reading, Sarah L. Londrigan
Summary: Ectopic protein overexpression is commonly used to screen host factors' antiviral activity, but its relevance to endogenous protein function remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of IFITMs significantly restricts parainfluenza virus-3 infection in A549 cells. We also observe variable mRNA and protein expression levels for IFITMs with constitutive overexpression compared to inducible overexpression. These findings highlight the limitations of overexpression approaches in studying antiviral activity and suggest caution in attributing the function of endogenous proteins.
Article
Microbiology
Lance R. R. Nigos, Nichollas E. E. Scott, Andrew G. G. Brooks, Malika Ait-Goughoulte, Sarah L. L. Londrigan, Patrick C. Reading, Rubaiyea Farrukee
Summary: Host cell restriction factors are intracellular proteins that can inhibit virus replication. In this study, TRIM16 was investigated as a potential host cell restriction factor. Overexpression of TRIM16 in HEK293T cells resulted in inhibition of multiple viruses, but alternative approaches did not validate these findings.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Thomas R. O'Neil, Andrew N. Harman, Anthony L. Cunningham, Najla Nasr, Kirstie M. Bertram
Summary: Understanding the role of human immune cells in tissue is crucial. We developed a 24-color flow cytometry panel to analyze CD4(+) and CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T cells from human tissues. We carefully selected antibody clones and evaluated the effect of enzymatic digestion to ensure accurate marker expression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura E. Downie, Xinyuan Zhang, Mengliang Wu, Senuri Karunaratne, Joon Keit Loi, Kirthana Senthil, Sana Arshad, Kirstie Bertram, Anthony L. Cunningham, Nicole Carnt, Scott N. Mueller, Holly R. Chinnery
Summary: The healthy human cornea contains immune cells that are commonly presumed to be dendritic cells, but the researchers found that many of these immune cells are actually lymphocytes. These corneal immune cells exhibit rapid, persistent motility and interact with other cells. The behavior of these immune cells can be altered in response to acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli, which can be modulated by therapeutic intervention.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Danastas, Gerry Guo, Jessica Merjane, Nathan Hong, Ava Larsen, Monica Miranda-Saksena, Anthony L. Cunningham
Summary: This study explores the effects of interferons (IFNs) on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and reveals that IFNs have the potential to block virus release from nerve endings, thereby preventing transmission into the skin. The study also highlights the potential wider antiviral effects of IFN-γ in neurons, suggesting its role in HSV-1 reactivation. These findings identify new targets for the development of immunotherapies to impede HSV-1 spread from nerves to the skin.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wen Shi Lee, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Arnold Reynaldi, Robyn Esterbauer, Marios Koutsakos, Julie Nguyen, Thakshila Amarasena, Helen E. Kent, Anupriya Aggarwal, Stuart G. Turville, George Taiaroa, Paul Kinsella, Kwee Chin Liew, Thomas Tran, Deborah A. Williamson, Deborah Cromer, Miles P. Davenport, Stephen J. Kent, Jennifer A. Juno, David S. Khoury, Adam K. Wheatley
Summary: In this study, the dynamics and durability of humoral immunity against Omicron variants were investigated in vaccinated individuals. The results showed that Omicron breakthrough infections enhanced neutralization activity against the infecting strain and expanded breadth against other variants. However, there was a substantial reduction in neutralization activity against new emerging strains. Infection predominantly expanded cross-reactive memory B cells, with limited recruitment of de novo Omicron-specific B cells or antibodies. Modeling of neutralization titers predicts durable protection against antigenically similar strains but is undermined by new emerging strains with further neutralization escape.