Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem, and the link between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and chronic HBV infection is being increasingly recognized. TLR agonists have the potential to enhance the host immune response against HBV infection and improve CHB treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ibrahim Omer, Noorah Abuthiyab, Basil Al-Omari, Tala Aletani, Manar Betar, Nura Alzaid, Alqassem Y. Hakami
Summary: This systematic review aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of vesatolimod in treating chronic hepatitis B. Only 4 eligible studies were included, and none of them reported clinically significant outcomes following the use of vesatolimod. However, vesatolimod was associated with induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and only mild side effects, indicating its potential as a safe and tolerable anti-HBV medication.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Canan Eroglu Gunes, Fatma Secer Celik, Mucahit Secme, Levent Elmas, Yavuz Dodurga, Ercan Kurar
Summary: In this study, it was observed that oleandrin has an effect on genes and miRNAs associated with TLR pathway in melanoma cells. The pathways of TLRs and hsa-miR-146a-5p and hsa-miR-21-5p may participate in the molecular mechanism of action of oleandrin.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Edward J. Gane, P. Rod Dunbar, Anna E. Brooks, Fangqiu Zhang, Diana Chen, Jeffrey J. Wallin, Nicholas van Buuren, Priyanka Arora, Simon P. Fletcher, Susanna K. Tan, Jenny C. Yang, Anuj Gaggar, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Lydia Tang
Summary: Selgantolimod treatment showed positive effects on hepatitis B surface antigen, but only a few patients achieved the primary efficacy endpoint. The common adverse events during treatment included nausea, upper respiratory tract infection, and vomiting. Overall, this treatment approach showed potential in a small proportion of patients.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Hongjuan You, Suping Qin, Fulong Zhang, Wei Hu, Xiaocui Li, Dongsheng Liu, Fanyun Kong, Xiucheng Pan, Kuiyang Zheng, Renxian Tang
Summary: As a small DNA virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its encoded HBX protein play significant roles in HBV replication and virus-related diseases. In this review, the modulation of host defense responses mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is explored, with a focus on how HBX controls PRR signaling to promote HBV replication and viral diseases. Understanding the regulation of PRR signaling by HBX may offer new therapeutic strategies for HBV infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mojisola Ogunnaike, Srijanee Das, Samiksha S. Raut, Ashrafi Sultana, Mohammad Ullah Nayan, Murali Ganesan, Benson J. Edagwa, Natalia A. Osna, Larisa Y. Poluektova
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lifelong treatment with nucleotides/nucleoside antiviral agents is effective but adherence can be challenging. This review discusses recent advances in the development of long-acting formulations and curative strategies for HBV treatment, highlighting promising antivirals and genome editing approaches.
Review
Virology
Forough Golsaz-Shirazi, Fazel Shokri
Summary: Innate immunity plays a crucial role in controlling viral infections, with recent research identifying the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide receptor as a specific HBV receptor in human hepatocytes. HBV can evade the innate immune responses of hepatocytes and activating these components may contribute to eradicating HBV infection.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yingzhi Zhang, Shiwen Tong, Shiying Li, Xuefu Wang, Hong Ren, Wenwei Yin
Summary: NK cell activity is impaired in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients due to increased expression of inhibitory receptor ILT2. The level of ILT2 expression is positively correlated with viral load, and antiviral therapy can decrease ILT2 expression and restore NK cell function.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Po-Yao Hsu, Yu-Ju Wei, Po-Cheng Liang, Jia-Jung Lee, Sheng-Wen Niu, Jiun-Chi Huang, Cheng-Ting Hsu, Tyng-Yuan Jang, Ching- Huang, Yi-Hung Lin, Ming-Yen Hsieh, Meng-Hsuan Hsieh, Szu-Chia Chen, Chia-Yen Dai, Zu-Yau Lin, Shinn-Cherng Chen, Jee-Fu Huang, Jer-Ming Chang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Chung-Feng Huang, Yi-Wen Chiu, Shang-Jyh Hwang, Wan-Long Chuang, Ming-Lung Yu
Summary: Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study found that hemodialysis patients with HCV exhibited a higher burden of comorbidities, especially in ischemic heart diseases, respiratory disorders, and mental/behavioral disorders, compared to patients with HBV and those without viral hepatitis.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Summary: This review discusses the importance of TLR responses in HCV infection and the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shuling Wu, Wei Yi, Yuanjiao Gao, Wen Deng, Xiaoyue Bi, Yanjie Lin, Liu Yang, Yao Lu, Ruyu Liu, Min Chang, Ge Shen, Leiping Hu, Lu Zhang, Minghui Li, Yao Xie
Summary: Functional cure is considered achieved when chronic hepatitis B patients achieve HBsAg seroclearance after treatment. Clearing the virus is challenging due to the difficulty in clearing both cccDNA and integrated dslDNA. High levels of HBsAg in the serum lead to immune system failure, making it unable to produce an effective antiviral response. Only less than 1% of chronic hepatitis B patients are cured annually with antiviral treatment. Coinfection with other viruses such as HIV, HCV, and HDV makes it even more difficult to cure. However, it has been found that patients with coinfection have a higher probability of achieving HBsAg seroclearance, especially those with HBV/HIV coinfection with up to 36% 5-year seroclerance rate. This interesting phenomenon is related to the functional reconstruction of the immune system after antiretroviral therapy (ART).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yingying Mao, Xuejun Wang, Andrew Li, Ying Li, Hai Huang, Renhe Yan, Yanling Zhang, Jinlong Li, Hongwei Li, Shengqi Wang
Summary: This study identifies a novel treatment approach for chronic hepatitis B by inhibiting HBV replication through RNA interference. The results show that AAV8-amiRNA135 has anti-HBV effects in vivo, and these effects are time and dose-dependent.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Siyu Li, Na Li, Shanru Yang, Haiyan Deng, Yanguo Li, Yixuan Wang, Jiaqiang Yang, Jiaxin Lv, Lan Dong, Guansen Yu, Xin Hou, Geng Wang
Summary: This review introduces the mechanisms, immune checkpoint expression, and current treatments of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and discusses the possibilities of using immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat CHB.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Massimo Fasano, Maria Cristina Poliseno, Jose Ramon Fiore, Sergio Lo Caputo, Antonella D'Arminio Monforte, Teresa Antonia Santantonio
Summary: This article discusses the management of liver disease in patients with HIV/HBV coinfection and summarizes the current and future therapeutic options for treating chronic hepatitis B in this setting.
Article
Cell Biology
Juan Felipe Valdes-Lopez, Geysson J. Fernandez, Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
Summary: The study reveals that CHIKV infection induces high levels of IL27 in MDMs, promoting pro-inflammatory and antiviral response through activation of TLR1/2-MyD88 and TLR3-TRIF signaling pathways, independent of IFN signaling.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Terunao Iwanaga, Tetsuhiro Chiba, Masato Nakamura, Tatsuya Kaneko, Junjie Ao, Na Qiang, Yaojia Ma, Jiaqi Zhang, Tadayoshi Kogure, Sae Yumita, Takamasa Ishino, Keita Ogawa, Motoyasu Kan, Miyuki Nakagawa, Kisako Fujiwara, Naoto Fujita, Takafumi Sakuma, Hiroaki Kanzaki, Keisuke Koroki, Yuko Kusakabe, Masanori Inoue, Kazufumi Kobayashi, Naoya Kanogawa, Soichiro Kiyono, Takayuki Kondo, Ryo Nakagawa, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Shingo Nakamoto, Ryosuke Muroyama, Jun Kato, Tatsuo Kanda, Hitoshi Maruyama, Naoya Mimura, Takuya Honda, Toshihiko Murayama, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Naoya Kato
Summary: This study demonstrates that miglustat can suppress liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-5/Smad pathway, reducing the expression of extracellular matrix components such as collagen. The research also shows that miglustat can both prevent the occurrence of liver fibrosis and reverse established fibrosis.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Keiichi Fujiwara, Shin Yasui, Takayuki Kondo, Masato Nakamura, Makoto Arai, Tatsuo Kanda, Osamu Yokosuka, Masayuki Ohtsuka, Ryuzo Abe, Naoya Kato
Summary: The prognosis of patients with fulminant hepatitis and late-onset hepatic failure in Japan has not improved over the past 32 years, despite advancements in clinical management and liver transplantation. The increasing proportion of patients with poor prognosis and difficult-to-treat etiologies, as well as the aging population, may contribute to this lack of improvement.
HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jaya Saini, Umesh Thapa, Bhaswati Bandyopadhyay, Sudhanshu Vrati, Arup Banerjee
Summary: The lncRNA NEAT1 has a significant role in mitochondrial function and antiviral response. It is negatively correlated with the expression of interferon alpha-inducible protein 27 (IFI27) in dengue severity. However, the specific role of NEAT1 in dengue virus (DV) infection is still unclear.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shivaram P. Singh, Prajna Anirvan
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chitta R. Khatua, Manas K. Panigrahi, Ashok K. Choudhury, Gautam Nath, Reshu Khandelwal, Prajna Anirvan, Shivaram P. Singh
Summary: This study found that about two-thirds of ALD patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) also had acute kidney injury (AKI), which resulted in increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shivaram P. Singh, Ajay Duseja, Mamun al Mahtab, Prajna Anirvan, Subrat K. Acharya, Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar, Amna S. Butt, Anuradha Dassanayake, Arka De, G. P. Dhakal, Saeed Hamid, Kaushal Madan, Manas K. Panigrahi, P. N. Rao, Sanjiv Saigal, Sanjaya K. Satapathy, Shalimar, Anant Shrestha, Akash Shukla, K. C. Sudhamshu, Hasitha Wijewantha
Summary: There is ongoing debate on changing the terminology of NAFLD to MAFLD, and a meeting was held in March 2022 by experts from INASL and SAASL to discuss the appropriateness of this change. Supporters of the name change argue that NAFLD does not reflect current knowledge, and MAFLD was proposed as a more suitable term. However, it should be noted that the consensus group proposing the name change did not represent the views of gastroenterologists, hepatologists, and patients globally, as renaming a disease entity has multidimensional implications for patient care.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shivaram P. Singh, Prajna Anirvan
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ajay Duseja, S. P. Singh, Arka De, Kaushal Madan, Padaki Nagaraja Rao, Akash Shukla, Gourdas Choudhuri, Sanjiv Saigal, Shalimar, Anil Arora, Anil C. Anand, Ashim Das, Ashish Kumar, Chundamannil E. Eapen, Krishnadas Devadas, Kotacherry T. Shenoy, Manas Panigrahi, Manav Wadhawan, Manish Rathi, Manoj Kumar, Narendra S. Choudhary, Neeraj Saraf, Preetam Nath, Sanjib Kar, Seema Alam, Samir Shah, Sandeep Nijhawan, Subrat K. Acharya, Vinayak Aggarwal, Vivek A. Saraswat, Yogesh K. Chawla
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease globally and in India, and its burden is expected to increase in parallel with the ongoing epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Existing international guidelines on NAFLD fail to fully capture the Indian landscape and are difficult to incorporate into clinical practice due to sociocultural and infrastructural differences. A comprehensive review provides consensus-based guidance on the nomenclature, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD that is practical in the Indian setting.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Keita Ogawa, Tetsuhiro Chiba, Masato Nakamura, Jun Arai, Jiaqi Zhang, Yaojia Ma, Na Qiang, Junjie Ao, Sae Yumita, Takamasa Ishino, Motoyasu Kan, Terunao Iwanaga, Miyuki Nakagawa, Kisako Fujiwara, Takafumi Sakuma, Hiroaki Kanzaki, Keisuke Koroki, Yuko Kusakabe, Kazufumi Kobayashi, Naoya Kanogawa, Soichiro Kiyono, Takayuki Kondo, Ryo Nakagawa, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Ryosuke Muroyama, Shingo Nakamoto, Tatsuo Kanda, Hitoshi Maruyama, Jun Kato, Shoji Matsumoto, Takayoshi Arai, Shinichiro Motohashi, Naoya Kato
Summary: In this study, the inhibition of ADAM9 was found to prevent the release of MICA and activate the immune function of NK cells. Through the screening of a chemical library, a compound called CCL347 with five benzene rings was identified, which significantly reduced sMICA levels in HCC cell lines and enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic drug for HCC.
ANTICANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Toshikatsu Shibata, Mitsuhiko Moriyama, Hirofumi Kogure, Asuka Hirai-Yuki, Hiroaki Okamoto, Tatsuo Kanda
Summary: In this study, HuhT7-HAV/Luc cells were established as a suitable model for anti-HAV drug screening. Masitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was found to reduce HAV replication and internal ribosomal entry-site (IRES) activity. It may be a potential treatment for severe HAV infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatsuo Kanda, Ryota Masuzaki, Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Hirofumi Kogure, Mitsuhiko Moriyama
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatsuo Kanda
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shini Kanezawa, Mitsuhiko Moriyama, Tatsuo Kanda, Akiko Fukushima, Ryota Masuzaki, Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Akiko Tsunemi, Takahiro Ueno, Noboru Fukuda, Hirofumi Kogure
Summary: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty-liver disease (MAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients have a higher prevalence of small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). In this study, we investigated the differences in gut microbiota between stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive-5 rats (SHRSP5) fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat- and high-cholesterol-containing diet (HFCD). We found an association between MAFLD and gut microbiota alteration, suggesting that targeting gut microbiota may be a potential therapeutic approach for MAFLD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tatsuo Kanda, Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Koji Ishii, Ryosuke Suzuki, Jun Inoue, Atsunori Tsuchiya, Shingo Nakamoto, Ryuzo Abe, Keiichi Fujiwara, Osamu Yokosuka, Tian-Cheng Li, Satoshi Kunita, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Hiroaki Okamoto
Summary: The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV) Study Group has reviewed the recent advances in HAV research and clinical practice for HAV infection in Japan and authored comprehensive guidelines. The article covers virological findings, clinical presentation, pathogenicity, diagnostic approaches, complications, risk factors, preventive measures, and treatment modalities for hepatitis A.
HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sharda Kumari, Bhaswati Bandyopadhyay, Anamika Singh, Suruchi Aggarwal, Amit Kumar Yadav, Naval Kishore Vikram, Prasenjit Guchhait, Arup Banerjee
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from plasma of severe dengue patients have immunosuppressive properties on CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to T cell suppression and dengue disease progression.