Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sean C. Piantadosi, Brittany L. Chamberlain, Jill R. Glausier, David A. Lewis, Susanne E. Ahmari
Summary: Studies have found that OCD patients have significantly lower levels of transcripts related to excitatory signaling in both cortical and striatal regions compared to unaffected individuals. While the majority of transcripts encoding excitatory synaptic proteins were lower in OFC, there were no significant differences in the striatum of OCD subjects. These findings suggest a potential upstream causal event in the observed lower levels of multiple glutamatergic transcripts across both medial and lateral OFC.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hirofumi Tomiyama, Keitaro Murayama, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Kenta Kato, Akira Matsuo, Aikana Ohno, Mingi Kang, Osamu Togao, Kousei Ishigami, Tomohiro Nakao
Summary: Gyrification patterns are indicative of early neurodevelopment and may have a strong heritable component. Although findings have been inconsistent, it has been consistently observed that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder exhibit altered gyrification patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex. However, no studies have yet examined gyrification alterations in unaffected first-degree relatives of these patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Jesus Pujol, Laura Blanco-Hinojo, Gerard Martinez-Vilavella, Joan Deus, Victor Perez-Sola, Jordi Sunyer
Summary: The study found that childhood obesity may be associated with functional alterations in the brain's reward system, leading to behavioral control disorders. Obese children showed weaker connectivity in the reward system and structural changes similar to those seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Prader-Willi syndrome.
Article
Neurosciences
Hikari Hatakama, Nozomi Asaoka, Kazuki Nagayasu, Hisashi Shirakawa, Shuji Kaneko
Summary: The study demonstrated that SSRI improved perseverative behavior in QNP-treated mice by modulating inhibitory inputs in the lateral OFC.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zicheng Yang, Geming Wu, Min Liu, Xiaohong Sun, Qunyuan Xu, Chen Zhang, Huimeng Lei
Summary: Using fiber photometry and optogenetics, the study found that cell-type-specific dysfunctions in the OFC-striatal circuit in an OCD mouse model causally lead to impaired reversal learning, indicating a potential therapeutic target for treating cognitive inflexibility in OCD.
Article
Psychiatry
Suguru Hasuzawa, Hirofumi Tomiyama, Keitaro Murayama, Aikana Ohno, Mingi Kang, Taro Mizobe, Kenta Kato, Akira Matsuo, Kazufumi Kikuchi, Osamu Togao, Tomohiro Nakao
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of resting-state putamen activity for the decision-making deficit associated with OCD in unmedicated patients.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Eman M. Khedr, Khaled Elbeh, Mostafa Saber, Zeinab Abdelrady, Ahmed Abdelwarith
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over different brain regions for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The results showed that both active treatment groups outperformed the sham group in improving OCD symptoms. Patients with shorter illness duration, lower baseline scores, and fewer comorbidities responded better to the treatment.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Cheng-Chia Shih, Yu-Hsuan Chang, Ruei-Jen Chiou, Chun-hui Chang
Summary: Inappropriate fear expression and failure of fear extinction are commonly seen in patients with PTSD and OCD. Aberrant and asymmetric activation of the lOFC is reported in some clinical cases. The study found that activation of the lOFC interfered with the in-session expression of conditioned fear and impaired the acquisition of fear extinction. The abnormal activation of the lOFC disrupted the excitatory/inhibitory balance of neuronal activities in fear-related brain regions.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Wan-wa Wong, Joana Cabral, Riddhi Rane, Ronald Ly, Morten L. Kringelbach, Jamie D. Feusner
Summary: This study revealed changes in dynamic functional connectivity patterns in BDD patients during unconstrained face viewing, compared to healthy controls, which were associated with disease severity and lack of insight.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cathrine Hultman, Nikita Tjernstrom, Sofia Vadlin, Mattias Rehn, Kent W. Nilsson, Erika Roman, Cecilia Aslund
Summary: Decision-making requires individuals to perceive probabilities and risks. This study explores decision-making strategies among young adults and adult rats, and compares the similarities and differences in their choices.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Eman Nishat, Colleen Dockstader, Anne L. Wheeler, Thomas Tan, John A. E. Anderson, Sandra Mendlowitz, Donald J. Mabbott, Paul D. Arnold, Stephanie H. Ameis
Summary: Our study found no differences in response inhibition performance between medication-naive youth with OCD and typical developing controls. However, we observed significantly increased activity in the primary motor cortex (MI) during the Go condition and reduced activity in the precuneus (PCu) following successful stopping to No-Go cues in the OCD group compared to TDC, suggesting differences in neural response outside of the CSTC region. Further imaging research is needed to clarify regional differences associated with OCD and the influence of medication effects, with MEG showing promise in detecting such differences.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Susanne Enke, Catherine Gunzenhauser, Verena E. Johann, Julia Karbach, Henrik Saalbach
Summary: Previous research found differences in executive functions (EF) between monolingual and bilingual children. Recent studies have reported advantages in processing efficiency or mental effort in bilingual adults and children. However, studies involving emotionally significant EF tasks are limited, leading to inconclusive results. This study investigates performance in a task of the hot EF domain using behavioral data and pupillary changes as a measure of mental effort. Results show that bilingual children exhibit a slightly more mature decision-making strategy in a reversed task version compared to monolingual children, but there is no difference in mental effort between the two groups. The implications of these findings for the bilingual advantage assumption will be discussed.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Rebecca B. Price, Fabio Ferrarelli, Colleen Hanlon, Claire M. Gillan, Tae Kim, Greg J. Siegle, Meredith L. Wallace, Marlee Renard, Rachel Kaskie, Michelle Degutis, Anna Wears, Vanessa Brown, Manivel Rengasamy, Susanne E. Ahmari
Summary: Compulsive behaviors are linked to orbitofrontal cortex function. The study shows that intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) leads to increased functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and other regions compared to continuous TBS (cTBS).
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Casper Schmidt, Carsten Gleesborg, Hema Schmidt, Timo L. Kvamme, Torben E. Lund, Valerie Voon, Arne Moller
Summary: The study found that individuals with gambling disorder exhibit heightened neural activity to erotic rewards during reward anticipation, as well as increased activity to both monetary and erotic rewards during outcome phase. Lower impulsivity in gambling disorder subjects is associated with enhanced neural activity to erotic reward anticipation. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for targeting non-gambling related rewards and identify potential biomarkers for treatment efficacy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
M. Alemany-Navarro, M. Tubio-Fungueirino, S. Diz-de Almeida, R. Cruz, A. Lombroso, E. Real, V. Soria, S. Bertolin, M. Fernandez-Prieto, P. Alonso, J. M. Menchon, A. Carracedo, C. Segalas
Summary: This study analyzed the association of SNPs with neurocognitive variables in a sample of 133 OCD probands. The results suggest that studying neurocognitive variables in GWAS may provide more insight into the genetic basis of OCD and facilitate the development of individualized treatment approaches.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque, Giovanna Vargas Consoli Renno, Alessandro Teodoro Bruzi, Leonardo de Sousa Fortes, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz
Summary: This study examined the relationship between executive functions and motor competence in typically developing children aged 6-11 years old. The results showed a significant and medium correlation between EFs and MC, with this correlation remaining significant in both younger and older children. The study suggests the need to promote the development of MC and EFs in children, especially in younger age groups.
APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Andre L. de Carvalho Braule Pinto, Sonia R. Pasian, Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz
Summary: The study investigated and validated the presence of different emotion regulation profiles in an adult sample through a cross-sectional study. These profiles include dysregulated, adapted, and unaware regulator, with differences in levels of positive/negative affect and the propensity to avoid/follow emotions, contributing to a better understanding of how regulatory strategies interact and impact mental health outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Dante Duarte, Mirret M. El-Hagrassy, Tiago Couto, Wagner Gurgel, Benicio N. Frey, Flavio Kapczinski, Humberto Correa
Summary: This study aims to explore suicide rates among physicians and their relationship to demographic factors such as sex, race and ethnicity, age, and location during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show that suicide rates increased among white male physicians and black male physicians during the period of 1985 to 2013, while they decreased among white female physicians. The study highlights the need for further investigation into the interaction of non-modifiable risk factors and recommends addressing systemic and organizational issues as well as providing personal resilience training.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mirela L. S. Gomes, Esther R. Mansur-Pantuzzo, Angel A. R. Lagos, Humberto Correa, Dante Duarte, Maria Frasson
Summary: This study compared the vision-specific quality of life of individuals with Stargardt disease with that of healthy individuals and found that individuals with Stargardt disease experienced significant impairment in vision-specific quality of life and functional vision. The Functional Vision Score was found to be the evaluation method most correlated with the vision-specific quality of life.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Hunayara Lorena Sousa Tavares, Daniellede Souza Costa, Antonio Alvim Soares, Iane Kestelman, Antonio Geraldo da Silva, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Debora Marques de Miranda
Summary: Children and adolescents were significantly affected by the psychosocial impact of the 2019-2022 pandemic, leading to increased internalizing symptoms, screen time, and internet addiction. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationship between screen time, game addiction, and internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed a correlation between higher levels of game addiction and higher levels of internalizing symptoms, regardless of screen time. This highlights the need for further research on the relationship between internet addiction and internalizing symptoms, as well as the long-term effects of excessive screen time.
CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Tara Rezapour, Emily Giddens, Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi, Parnian Rafei, Jamie Berry, Alfonso Caracuel, Marc L. Copersino, Matt Field, Eric L. Garland, Valentina Lorenzetti, Leandro Malloy-Diniz, Victoria Manning, Ely M. Marceau, David L. Pennington, Justin C. Strickland, Reinout Wiers, Rahia Fairhead, Alexandra Anderson, Morris Bell, Wouter J. Boendermaker, Samantha Brooks, Raimondo Bruno, Salvatore Campanella, Janna Cousijn, W. Miles Cox, Andrew C. Dean, Karen D. Ersche, Ingmar Franken, Brett Froeliger, Pedro Gamito, Thomas E. Gladwin, Priscila D. Goncalves, Katrijn Houben, Joanna Jacobus, Andrew Jones, Anne M. Kaag, Johannes Lindenmeyer, Elly McGrath, Talia Nardo, Jorge Oliveira, Charlotte R. Pennington, Kelsey Perrykkad, Hugh Piercy, Claudia Rupp, Mieke H. J. Schulte, Lindsay M. Squeglia, Petra Staiger, Dan J. Stein, Jeff Stein, Maria Stein, William W. Stoops, Mary Sweeney, Katie Witkiewitz, Steven P. Woods, Richard Yi, Min Zhao, Hamed Ekhtiari
Summary: This study used a Delphi approach to reach consensus on recommendations for developing and applying cognitive training and remediation interventions for substance use disorders. Through two rounds of surveys, experts reached consensus on the targets, approaches, active ingredients, and modes of delivery for these interventions. The study indicates that intervention measures based on validated techniques and flexible delivery methods can effectively improve cognitive deficits in the treatment of substance use disorders.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gustavo dos Santos Alves Maria, Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa, Clarice de Medeiros Chaves Ferreira, Vitor Douglas de Andrade, Alessandra Rodrigues Hansen Ferreira, Danielle de Souza Costa, Alexandre Paim Diaz, Antonio Geraldo da Silva, Debora Marques de Miranda, Rodrigo Nicolato, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate features associated with sleep disturbances in healthcare workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that sex, previously diagnosed mental illness, and frontline work with COVID-19 were associated with sleep problems. Furthermore, previous diagnosis of mental illness was strongly related to insomnia development. Strategies targeting sleep difficulties in HCWs are advised during the pandemic.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Danielle S. Costa, Carlo Cianchetti, Deborah Dewey, Antonio Marcos Alvim-Soares Alvim-Soares, Iane Kestelman, Antonio Geraldo da Silva, Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz, Debora M. Miranda, Jonas J. de Paula
Summary: The Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) is a free questionnaire developed to collect information from parents on the behavior of children and adolescents. It assesses various aspects of behavior and psychopathology and can identify children at risk of mental disorders. In this Brazilian study, the authors adapt and validate the CABI.
JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Yuri de Castro Machado, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz, Debora Marques de Miranda, Marco Aurelio Romano-Silva
Summary: This study translated and validated the Brazilian Portuguese version of the UPPS-P scale for children and adolescents. The results showed that the scale is a good instrument for assessing impulsivity in this population.
JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Victor Polignano Godoy, Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa, Rochele Paz Fonseca, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz
Summary: This paper analyzes the relationship between sociodemographic variables, executive dysfunctions, Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT), and the dimensions of hyperactivity-impulsivity (ADHD-H/I) and inattention (ADHD-IN) in Brazilian adults. The study recruited 446 participants (295 women) aged 18 to 63 years old. Higher scores in ADHD dimensions were associated with more executive functioning problems and time perception distortions. ADHD-IN and SCT were more strongly associated with these dysfunctions than ADHD-H/I. Regression analysis showed that ADHD-IN was related to self-management of time, ADHD-H/I was related to self-restraint, and SCT was related to self-organization and problem-solving.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Andre Luiz de Carvalho Braule Pinto, Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa, Rafaela Ferreira Guatimosim, Danielle Souza Costa, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Antonio Geraldo da Silva, Alexandre Paim Diaz, Debora Marques de Miranda, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological distress and PTSD symptoms of Brazilian healthcare workers. Through multiple assessments at different time points, two subgroups of healthcare workers with high-PTSS and low-PTSS profiles were identified. Being female, fear of contamination, and fearing financial problems were strong predictors of changes in the profile.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Bibiana Bolten Lucion Loreto, Sofia Cid de Azevedo, Antonio Geraldo da Silva, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz, Felipe Ornell, Leticia Maria Akel Mameri Tres, Felix Henrique Paim Kessler, Melina Nogueira de Castro
Summary: This study analyzes the mechanisms through which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts well-being and productivity at work, and identifies stress management strategies for the work environment during the pandemic. The results show that the pandemic has a significant impact on workers' mental health and productivity, as they need to adapt to changes, which can decrease their well-being. Therefore, promoting well-being and mental health in the work environment is crucial.
TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa, Andre Luiz Braule Pinto, Alexandre Paim Diaz, Marco Aurelio Romano-Silva, Danielle de Souza Costa, Rui M. Joaquim, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Rafaela Guatimosim, Antonio Geraldo da Silva, Debora Marques de Miranda, Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz
Summary: This study compared the distress level among Brazilian healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that women, individuals between the ages of 30 and 39, nursing personnel, and physicians were more likely to report distress.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rui M. Joaquim, Andre L. C. B. Pinto, Debora M. Miranda, Rafaela F. Guatimosim, Jonas J. de Paula, Danielle S. Costa, Alexandre P. Diaz, Antonio Geraldo da Silva, Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz
Summary: Individuals with greater emotional stability were more likely to leave home during the second wave of COVID-19 than those with higher levels of anxiogenic dysregulation.
CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa, Danielle Souza Costa, Clarice de Medeiros Chaves Ferreira, Mayra Isabel C. Pinheiro, Alexandre Paim Diaz, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Debora Marques Miranda, Antonio Geraldo da Silva, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz
Summary: The study examined the replicability of the internal structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory in a large Brazilian sample and found that the general factor was the main dimension explaining most of the reliable variability in the data.
TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
(2022)