Article
Behavioral Sciences
Leslie J. Curren, Maggie A. Sawdy, Kim T. Scribner, Kenna D. S. Lehmann, Kay E. Holekamp
Summary: In spotted hyenas, male reproductive success is influenced by their tenure in a clan and their social associations with adult females. Age does not have a direct effect on reproductive success, suggesting that male spotted hyenas compete in an extended endurance rivalry.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Zachary M. Laubach, Eben Gering, Erik Yang, Tracy M. Montgomery, Thomas Getty, Kay E. Holekamp
Summary: The study reveals a negative association between circulating plasma testosterone and T. gondii infection among female cubs, subadults, and adult male spotted hyenas. It also shows that there are no associations between T. gondii infection and cortisol levels in any age class or sex group of hyenas. This research contributes to understanding the impact of parasite infection on physiology, using spotted hyenas as the study subjects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amiyaal Ilany, Kay E. Holekamp, Erol Akcay
Summary: Research shows that the relationships between offspring and other hyenas are influenced by the process of social inheritance, with similarities to their mothers lasting up to 6 years and increasing with maternal social rank. The strength of the mother-offspring relationship affects social inheritance and is positively correlated with offspring longevity.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Grazia Casetta, Andrea Paolo Nolfo, Elisabetta Palagi
Summary: Yawning is a complex behavior that is linked to physiological and social phenomena. Through studying wild hyenas, researchers found that yawning is associated with a change in behavioral state and that seeing others' yawns elicits a mirroring response. This suggests that both spontaneous and contagious yawning play a fundamental role in animal synchronization in highly social and cooperative species.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Julie W. Turner, Alec L. Robitaille, Patrick S. Bills, Kay E. Holekamp
Summary: Research found that early-life social positions do affect fitness outcomes in animals, and the effects of social bonds formed at different developmental stages can differ in predicting fitness outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
S. Kevin McCormick, Kay E. Holekamp, Laura Smale, Mary L. Weldele, Stephen E. Glickman, Ned J. Place
Summary: The apparent virilization of female spotted hyenas raises questions about sex differences in behavior and morphology. There is a mosaic of dimorphic traits in hyenas, conforming to some mammalian norms, but reversed in aggressive behavior, social dominance, and territory defense. Early androgen exposure enhances female hyenas' aggressiveness. Overall, masculinized behavioral traits in female hyenas are important for consistent food access, while unrelated traits conform to patterns of sexual dimorphism in other mammals.
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Chinmay Sonawane, Gidey Yirga, Neil H. Carter
Summary: Research in Ethiopia has shown that peri-urban spotted hyenas contribute to human health and economy by consuming anthropogenic waste, which helps remove pathogens that are harmful to humans and livestock, ultimately saving money and lives. By quantifying these benefits, innovative conservation solutions can be developed to maximize the positive impact of large carnivores on society.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Arjun Dheer, Eve Davidian, Alexandre Courtiol, Liam D. Bailey, Jella Wauters, Philemon Naman, Victoria Shayo, Oliver P. Honer
Summary: Anthropogenic activity can have varying effects on wildlife, depending on the characteristics of the activity and species involved. This study focused on the impact of diurnal pastoralism on a population of free-ranging spotted hyenas. The findings suggest that the predictable nature of the pastoralism, combined with the socio-ecology of spotted hyenas and abundant prey resources, resulted in no detectable deleterious effects on the hyenas.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Angharad K. Jones, Simon P. E. Blockley, Danielle C. Schreve, Chris Carbone
Summary: The study revealed that spotted hyena biomass is more influenced by environmental conditions, while lion biomass is more influenced by the biomass of large prey. Competition had a negligible effect on both spotted hyena and lion populations, and environmental partitioning resulted in uneven distribution of spotted hyena population biomass in different areas.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kevin McCormick, Kay E. Holekamp
Summary: The study found that aggressive and submissive behaviors in spotted hyenas exhibit different characteristics within individuals over time, social rank, and context, suggesting they may represent different personality traits. Intensity measures of these behaviors show consistency within individual females across various stages, potentially impacting lifetime reproductive success in adult female hyenas.
Article
Ecology
Karl Sebastian Moritz Fester, Georgina Hockings, Rudie Jansen van Vuuren, Marlice van Vuuren
Summary: The study in the south Namib Desert found that spotted hyaenas exhibit opportunistic feeding behavior, with lower selectivity towards large herbivorous prey and a preference for non-sampled prey species. Further detailed investigations into other prey species and seasonal variations in prey densities are recommended.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mehmet Akif Sahman
Summary: Scheduling is crucial for manufacturing companies, with job shop scheduling aiming to optimize the sequence of jobs on machines to minimize production time. The distributed job shop scheduling problem (DJSP) becomes more complex with globalization, requiring exact or heuristic solvers. The DSHO algorithm proposed in this study shows promising results as a pioneer solver for DJSP.
APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aleksander Braczkowski, Ralph Schenk, Dinal Samarasinghe, Duan Biggs, Allie Richardson, Nicholas Swanson, Merlin Swanson, Arjun Dheer, Julien Fattebert
Summary: Robust measures of animal densities are essential for wildlife management. However, there is a lack of credible population estimates for leopards and spotted hyenas in East Africa and Uganda. This study provides the first robust population estimate for these species in Uganda, with leopard densities estimated at 6.31 individuals/100 km(2) and spotted hyena densities at 10.99 individuals/100 km(2). The study also highlights the importance of impala densities and the absence of competition from African lions in determining the densities of these predators.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christine M. Drea, Charli S. Davies, Lydia K. Greene, Jessica Mitchell, Dimitri V. Blondel, Caroline L. Shearer, Joseph T. Feldblum, Kristin A. Dimac-Stohl, Kendra N. Smyth-Kabay, Tim H. Clutton-Brock
Summary: The study reveals that in wild meerkats, matriarchs exhibit peak androgen concentrations during late gestation, when they display intense feeding competition, dominance behavior, and evictions, ultimately leading to the birth of more aggressive offspring compared to subordinates. Late-gestation antiandrogen treatment of matriarchs specifically reduces dominance behavior, decreases social centrality within the clan, increases aggression in subordinate dams, and reduces offspring aggression, indicating the role of androgen-mediated aggression in female sexual selection and the intergenerational transmission of masculinized phenotypes in the evolution of meerkat cooperative breeding.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marianna Minnetti, Dario De Alcubierre, Ilaria Bonaventura, Riccardo Pofi, Valeria Hasenmajer, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Daniele Gianfrilli, Eleonora Poggiogalle, Andrea M. Isidori
Summary: Licorice consumption can affect the reproductive system. However, its role needs to be further explored, especially due to the great variability of bioactive compounds used in existing studies.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sharon S. Glaeser, Katie L. Edwards, Stephen Paris, Candace Scarlata, Bob Lee, Nadja Wielebnowski, Shawn Finnell, Chaleamchat Somgird, Janine L. Brown
Summary: This study monitored and researched the hormone levels of four adult Asian elephant bulls in relation to musth. The results showed that testosterone and cortisol in the elephants were positively correlated with musth, and testosterone decreased with age in sexually mature bulls. The study also found that social changes did not impact hormone activity in the short term, but there were associations between cortisol changes and clinical treatment.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Promporn Piboon, Napat Kriengsakpichit, Anocha Poommouang, Kittisak Buddhachat, Janine L. Brown, Jatupol Kampuansai, Siriwadee Chomdej, Patcharaporn Kaewmong, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Korakot Nganvongpanit
Summary: This study investigated the genetic relationships and diversity of cetaceans in Thai waters. Unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were found for the four species studied. The results showed high levels of haplotype diversity among the species, with the Indo Pacific finless porpoise having the lowest nucleotide diversity. Bayesian Skyline Reconstruction revealed an expansion of the effective female population size in three of the species. The findings suggest the need for closer attention and monitoring of these cetacean populations in order to aid conservation efforts.
Article
Biology
J. M. Parker, J. L. Brown, N. T. Hobbs, N. P. Boisseau, D. Letitiya, I. Douglas-Hamilton, G. Wittemyer
Summary: Remaining with the family group may reduce long-term stress effects in orphaned African elephants. The presence of age mates may lower glucocorticoid concentrations in elephants. Basic survival needs are the primary regulators of the stress response.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ashley N. Edes, Dawn Zimmerman, Balbine Jourdan, Janine L. Brown, Katie L. Edwards
Summary: Biomarkers are molecules that indicate physiological functioning and are used to monitor health and diagnose disease. In this study, assays and value ranges of rarely measured biomarkers in zoo-housed western lowland gorillas were reported. The levels of immune biomarkers were higher in clinical samples, while the levels of the neuroendocrine biomarker did not significantly differ between clinical and non-clinical samples. These findings contribute to understanding health and welfare in zoo-housed animals.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Chutima Wongfu, Wareerat Prasitwiset, Anocha Poommouang, Kittisak Buddhachat, Janine L. Brown, Siriwadee Chomdej, Jatupol Kampuansai, Patcharaporn Kaewmong, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Korakot Nganvongpanit
Summary: The leatherback sea turtle is the largest and most migratory turtle species, but its population has been declining due to human activities. This study used genetic data to assess the genetic status of leatherback turtles in Thailand and globally. The results reveal the need for proactive, long-term management and conservation strategies for this endangered species.
Article
Zoology
Ashley N. Edes, Janine L. Brown, Katie L. Edwards
Summary: This study analyzed 16 biomarkers in zoo-housed chimpanzees and bonobos and found that some biomarkers were associated with all-cause morbidity, cardiac disease, and mortality risk. However, there were inconsistencies between different data sets, highlighting the need for further research on individual and species variation in biomarkers and their contribution to health risks.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Daniella E. Chusyd, Janine L. Brown, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Virginia B. Kraus, Jessica Siegal-Willott, Timothy M. Griffin, Janet L. Huebner, Katie L. Edwards, David B. Allison, Steven N. Austad
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between confirmed or suspected osteoarthritis (OA) and ovarian cyclicity, gonadotropins, progestagens, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and collagen type I (CTX-I) in zoo elephants. The results suggest that hormonal changes may not have a strong impact on OA, warranting further investigation into other serologic biomarkers.
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Wareerat Prasitwiset, Chutima Wongfu, Anocha Poommouang, Kittisak Buddhachat, Janine L. L. Brown, Siriwadee Chomdej, Jatupol Kampuansai, Patcharaporn Kaewmong, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Korakot Nganvongpanit, Promporn Piboon
Summary: This study investigated the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographics of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins in Thai waters. The results revealed some degree of inbreeding, the presence of two genetic clusters, and the identification of unique haplotypes from the Australian and Indian Oceans.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jarawee Supanta, Janine L. Brown, Pakkanut Bansiddhi, Chatchote Thitaram, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Jaruwan Khonmee
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the tourism industry in Thailand, leading to management changes in elephant tourist camps. Survey results show significant changes in camp structure, elephant work activities, and general care. The crisis has greatly altered elephant management, potentially affecting animal welfare and care.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tessa Steiniche, Steffen Foerster, Kurt E. White, Steven Monfort, Janine L. Brown, Shahrina Chowdhury, Larissa Swedell
Summary: By studying the variations in hormone and behavior during the ovarian cycle in wild female chacma baboons, it was found that conception is associated with higher levels of estradiol and cortisol during the follicular phase. There is no difference in progesterone between conceptive and nonconceptive cycles. The study also suggests that elevated cortisol may play an adaptive role in mobilizing energy during sexually receptive periods of ovarian cycling.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Natalia A. Prado, Ellie E. Armstrong, Janine L. Brown, Shifra Z. Goldenberg, Peter Leimgruber, Virginia R. Pearson, Jesus E. Maldonado, Michael G. Campana
Summary: We provide novel genomic resources for understanding elephant health and aiding conservation efforts. We sequenced 11 elephant genomes and estimated germline mutation rates. We also developed a genotyping assay suitable for analyzing degraded samples, such as feces and hair. These resources will allow for more detailed studies and support elephant conservation and disease research in the future.
JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jaruwan Khonmee, Janine L. Brown, Anabel Lopez Perez, Teepakorn Lertwichaikul, Anucha Sathanawongs, Patchara Pornnimitra, Chanakan Areewong, Jarawee Supanta, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Songphon Buddhasiri, Khanittha Punturee
Summary: The Bengal tiger is critically endangered, so artificial insemination is an important conservation tool. This study examined the effects of different voltage electroejaculation protocols on semen quality and animal wellbeing in Bengal tigers. The results suggest that the medium voltage protocol produces good quality samples with lower muscle damage, which is better for animal welfare.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Worapong Kosaruk, Janine L. Brown, Patcharapa Towiboon, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Kidsadagon Pringproa, Chatchote Thitaram
Summary: This study examined the effects of age, sex, sampling season, and disease factors on various serum oxidative status markers and stress biomarker in captive Asian elephants in Thailand. Age and season were found to have an influence on several biomarkers, while sex did not. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease was associated with significant changes in oxidative stress markers.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Aamer Sohel Khan, Janine L. Brown, Vinod Kumar, Govindhaswamy Umapathy, Nagarajan Baskaran
Summary: Red pandas are endangered and zoos worldwide are working on captive breeding programs to conserve the species. However, limited information on the physiology of captive red pandas hampers these efforts. This study measured hormone concentrations in captive red pandas and found that factors such as social time, visitor numbers, nest numbers, feeding frequency, log density, and enclosure area influenced hormone levels. The study suggests that more frequent feedings and controlled visitor numbers can have positive effects on red panda welfare.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Rachawadee Chantra, Korakot Nganvongpanit, Patcharaporn Yaowasooth, Surasak Thongsukdee, Kongkiat Kitiwatthanawong, Cholawit Thongcharoenchaikit, Janine L. Brown, Promporn Piboon
Summary: On September 5, 2022, a dead baleen whale was found stranded at Laem Phak Bia, Phetchaburi, in the Gulf of Thailand, Thailand. It was initially suspected to be Omura's whale but was later identified as a common minke whale through genetic analysis. This finding extends our knowledge on the distribution of the common minke whale and emphasizes the need for more active surveys of cetaceans in the South China Sea.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaomeng Li, Charles Brighton Ndandala, Qi Zhou, Chunyan Huang, Guangli Li, Huapu Chen
Summary: This study investigated the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in vitellogenesis (Vtgs) regulation in pompano fish. The findings suggest that E2 may regulate the expression of different subtypes of vtg through ERs, displaying a compensatory expression effect on the regulation of ers and vtgs. This provides a theoretical basis for further research on reproductive endocrinology in pompano fish.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Norio Kansaku, Takeshi Ohkubo
Summary: Endocrine changes during bird reproduction, particularly the relationship between prolactin and incubation behavior, were investigated. The study monitored the physiological status and incubation behavior of Silkie hens over 1-2 years. The results showed that most mature hens exhibited incubation behavior multiple times, and there was a noticeable increase in nest occupancy 7-10 days before incubation onset. Protein analysis revealed that secreted prolactin during the reproductive cycle contains various isoforms, suggesting post-translational modifications like glycosylation and phosphorylation.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Minghui Li, Lina Sun, Linyan Zhou, Deshou Wang
Summary: This article summarizes the importance of the Nile tilapia as an excellent animal model for studying reproductive endocrinology in fish, with a focus on the crucial role of estrogen in female development.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Breanna N. Harris, Carolyn M. Bauer, James A. Carr, Caitlin R. Gabor, Jennifer L. Grindstaff, Caleigh Guoynes, Jennifer J. Heppner, Cris C. Ledon-Rettig, Patricia C. Lopes, Sharon E. Lynn, Carla B. Madelaire, Lorin A. Neuman-Lee, Maria G. Palacios, Paul Soto, Jennifer Terry
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on academics, particularly on those with minoritized identities or who were early career, caregivers, or had intersecting identities. The pandemic altered the impact factors of academia, including scholarly products, and affected the way individuals could respond. It is predicted that the pandemic will have long-term impacts on the population dynamics, composition, and landscape of the academic ecosystem. The number of journal submissions decreased, especially among women authors, and the pandemic heavily impacted women authors from Asia and the Middle East.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
