Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa Teubner, Renate Frantz, Luigi La Pietra, Martina Hudel, Jasmin Bazant, Gunter Lochnit, Lena Eismann, Guenter Kramer, Trinad Chakraborty, Mobarak Abu Mraheil
Summary: Protein secretion is a key process for Listeria monocytogenes to interact with its environment. Recent research has shown that RNA secretion is also an important strategy for the pathogen to manipulate host cell response. In this study, the involvement of SecA2 in ribosome sedimentation and its association with a subset of secreted sRNAs that induce high levels of IFN-beta response in host cells were demonstrated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Renata Pyz-Lukasik, Waldemar Paszkiewicz, Michal Kielbus, Monika Ziomek, Michal Gondek, Piotr Domaradzki, Katarzyna Michalak, Dorota Pietras-Ozga
Summary: This study characterized 32 isolates of L. monocytogenes from artisanal cheeses using whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The isolates were classified into four molecular groups, with two evolutionary lineages and 18 sequence types. The isolates also exhibited differences in virulence genes.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Simone Wartha, Nancy Bretschneider, Alexandra Dangel, Bernhard Hobmaier, Stefan Hoermansdorfer, Ingrid Huber, Larissa Murr, Melanie Pavlovic, Annika Sprenger, Mareike Wenning, Thomas Alter, Ute Messelhaeusser
Summary: A study assessing the risk of Listeria monocytogenes exposure in food of non-animal origin (FNAO) found 64 Listeria spp. isolates in 39 FNAO production and processing plants in Bavaria, Germany. Eight of these isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes, showing resistance to certain antibiotics and the presence of virulence factors. This highlights the increasing significance of L. monocytogenes in FNAO and the need for attention to this issue.
Article
Microbiology
Lucia Rivas, Shevaun Paine, Pierre-Yves Dupont, Audrey Tiong, Beverley Horn, Alexandra Moura, Brent J. Gilpin
Summary: This study in New Zealand from 1999 to 2018 found that the average notified rate of listeriosis was 0.5 cases per 100,000 population, with non-pregnancy-associated cases being more prevalent. Retrospective whole-genome sequencing revealed that most cases were sporadic, but there were also potential clusters with a common source identified.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mariana A. Iglesias, Isabela S. Kroning, Tassiana Ramires, Carlos E. P. Cunha, Gustavo M. S. G. Moreira, Anderson C. Camargo, Marcelo Mendonca, Luis Augusto Nero, Fabricio R. Conceicao, Graciela Volz Lopes, Wladimir Padilha Da Silva
Summary: This study evaluated the persistence and virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from beef carcasses in processing facilities in Brazil. The results showed that the persistence of L. monocytogenes with indistinguishable PFGE profiles was observed, and their virulence potential was determined by their lineages and serogroups, as well as the expression of the InlA gene.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Daniel Berdejo, Elisa Gayan, Elisa Pagan, Natalia Merino, Raul Campillo, Rafael Pagan, Diego Garcia-Gonzalo
Summary: This study evaluated the occurrence of genetic resistant variants in Listeria monocytogenes exposed to carvacrol. Results showed an increase in carvacrol resistance in the selected variants, along with cross-resistance to heat and ampicillin. Whole-genome sequencing identified specific mutations that may contribute to the increased resistance. These findings provide important insights into the mode of action of carvacrol and the emergence of genetic resistant variants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy Shore, Rachel Wood
Summary: The morphology of Cloudina is influenced by local environmental factors, with variations in tube sinuosity and wall thickness observed between sites. Internal 'cements' found in all locations are believed to have precipitated while Cloudina was still in-situ, providing mechanical strength to the organism.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yuan Ge, Gufeng Xu, Zhi Ruan, Yue Wang
Summary: This study investigated the genomic and phylogenetic characteristics of a L. monocytogenes ST1 isolate obtained from the blood sample of a woman with a stillbirth in the third trimester. The antimicrobial resistance genes, serotype, and genetic relatedness with other isolates were analyzed. The findings contribute to understanding the genomic features, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and epidemiological characteristics of this pathogen.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jihye Ryu, Yukyung Choi, Yohan Yoon
Summary: In this study, genetic variations and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from enoki mushrooms, smoked ducks, and processed ground meat products were investigated. The isolates were analyzed for hemolysis, virulence genes, growth patterns, and heat resistance. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for the isolates with the highest and lowest pathogenicity, and genetic variations in virulence, low-temperature growth-related, and heat resistance-related factors were identified. Differences in pathogenicity were associated with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in virulence genes, low-temperature growth-related genes, and heat resistance-related genes.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Annette Fagerlund, Lene Idland, Even Heir, Trond Moretro, Marina Aspholm, Torii Lindback, Solveig Langsrud
Summary: Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is used to show the persistence of L. monocytogenes in natural, urban, and dairy farm environments. Clusters of almost identical isolates can be collected from geographically and temporally unrelated sources, highlighting the importance of understanding the genetic relationships between clinical isolates and L. monocytogenes isolates from various environments. The study emphasizes the need for reliable tools for source tracking, surveillance, and risk assessment in managing L. monocytogenes.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tingting Mo, Fang Wu, Xiangjun Dou, Dong Wang, Han Xia, Xia Li
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of Listeria meningoencephalitis (LMM) in immunocompetent children. The results showed that mNGS can accurately detect Listeria, and hyponatremia and hydrocephalus may indicate poor prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sangmi Lee, Cameron Parsons, Yi Chen, Robert S. S. Dungan, Sophia Kathariou
Summary: The prevalence and genetic diversity of LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 in nonpathogenic Listeria spp. were investigated. LIPI-3 was mainly found in L. innocua, exhibiting truncation and genetic diversification, while LIPI-4 was present in all L. innocua strains with similarity to L. monocytogenes. This study highlights the different evolution trajectories of pathogenicity islands in nonpathogenic hosts.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Verena Oswaldi, Stefanie Lueth, Janine Dzierzon, Diana Meemken, Stefan Schwarz, Andrea T. Fessler, Benjamin Felix, Susann Langforth
Summary: This study characterized Listeria spp. isolates from tonsils, intestinal content of pigs, and the slaughterhouse environment using next-generation sequencing. The findings revealed multiple sources of entry and a wide distribution of clonal complexes in pigs and the pork production chain. The study emphasized the potential risk of pigs as a source of human disease-causing isolates and highlighted the importance of efficient cleaning and disinfection procedures. Additionally, the study found multiple resistances in non-pathogenic L. innocua isolates from pig samples, which may pose a risk of spreading resistances to pathogenic species.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xin Li, Ruen Yao, Guoying Chang, Qun Li, Cui Song, Niu Li, Yu Ding, Juan Li, Yao Chen, Yirou Wang, Xiaodong Huang, Yongnian Shen, Hao Zhang, Jian Wang, Xiumin Wang
Summary: This study identified the diagnostic characteristics of next-generation sequencing in short stature with different risk factors and proposed novel candidate pathogenic genes. The results showed that short stature combined with other phenotypes significantly increased the likelihood of a monogenic cause.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dongrui Li, Hui Li
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed 10 patients with Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis (LMM) treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2013 to 2022. The study found that LMM patients have a high mortality rate, and CSF testing is the preferred method for diagnosing the disease. Giving timely and appropriate antibiotics remains a challenge for achieving good treatment outcomes.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Valerie E. Ryan, Taylor W. Bailey, Dongqi Liu, Tracy Vemulapalli, Bruce Cooper, Abigail D. Cox, Arun K. Bhunia
Summary: Pregnancy is a high-risk factor for Listeria monocytogenes infection, with intestinal barrier crossing being a prerequisite for systemic spread. Research shows that oral-dosing of bioengineered Lactobacillus casei probiotic expressing Listeria adhesion protein can prevent fetal transmission of Lm during pregnancy.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Luping Xu, Xingjian Bai, Arun K. Bhunia
Summary: Foodborne disease outbreaks remain a concern. Testing products promptly is crucial for protecting consumers. Various approaches have been explored to incorporate antibodies, oligonucleotides, phages, and mammalian cells as signal transducers on biosensor platforms. High specificity and low detection limits are the ultimate goal. Advancements in sensors using mammalian cells and bacteriophages show promise in pathogen detection.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xingjian Bai, Dongqi Liu, Luping Xu, Shivendra Tenguria, Rishi Drolia, Nicholas L. F. Gallina, Abigail D. Cox, Ok-Kyung Koo, Arun K. Bhunia
Summary: Environmental signals play a role in promoting microbial biofilm formation and genetic heterogeneity. Biofilms produced by pathogens in food production facilities are a major source of contamination, but the mechanisms of biofilm-isolated sessile cells are not well understood. Studies show that the virulence of biofilm-isolated Lm is temporarily attenuated in mice during the early stage of infection (12-24 hours), but fully restored at a later stage (48 hours).
NPJ BIOFILMS AND MICROBIOMES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xingjian Bai, Luping Xu, Atul Kumar Singh, Xiaoling Qiu, Mai Liu, Ahmed Abuzeid, Talaat El-Khateib, Arun K. Bhunia
Summary: This study aims to control mixed-culture biofilms in the food processing environment using food-grade natural nanoparticulated antimicrobials. The results showed that ChNP-PL exhibited a synergistic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effect against mixed-culture biofilms of foodborne pathogens, making it a promising method to prevent or eliminate these biofilms.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yezhi Fu, Arun K. Bhunia, Yuan Yao
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of an alginate-based antimicrobial seed coating in reducing foodborne pathogens from alfalfa seeds and sprouts. Results showed that the coating reduced both pathogens to an undetectable level one day after treatment, indicating its potential in reducing bacterial load. Further research is needed to optimize antimicrobial compounds and coating materials to minimize impact on seed germination rate.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Harrison Helmick, Christabel Hartanto, Sarah Ettestad, Andrea Liceaga, Arun K. Bhunia, Jozef L. Kokini
Summary: This study investigated the modification of pea protein structure and its impact on gel formation. The results showed that applying shear forces at low temperatures in ethanol led to the formation of hydrophobically bound gels, which may be used to produce low-fat food products with desired textures.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jose Waimin, Sarath Gopalakrishnan, Ulisses Heredia-Rivera, Nicholas A. Kerr, Sina Nejati, Nicholas L. F. Gallina, Arun K. Bhunia, Rahim Rahimi
Summary: Contamination of meat with pathogenic microorganisms can lead to severe illnesses and food waste, causing negative impacts on health and the economy. Wireless pH monitoring is crucial for detecting spoilage on a large commercial scale. To address this need, we have developed a cost-effective sensor that uses pH-responsive polymer to remotely assess the risk of microbial spoilage throughout the supply chain.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Rashad R. Al-Hindi, Addisu D. Teklemariam, Mona G. Alharbi, Ibrahim Alotibi, Sheren A. Azhari, Ishtiaq Qadri, Turki Alamri, Steve Harakeh, Bruce M. Applegate, Arun K. Bhunia
Summary: Foodborne microorganisms, especially bacterial pathogens, are a major cause of human illness worldwide. Conventional detection methods for these pathogens have limitations, but phage-based biosensors offer increased accuracy, specificity, and shorter assay times, making them a promising tool for food safety.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Manoj Sawale, Xiang Cheng, Rishi Drolia, Patnarin Benyathiar, Ferhan Ozadali, Arun Bhunia, Dharmendra Mishra
Summary: This study aims to develop a methodology for estimating the kinetic inactivation parameters of B. atrophaeus using liquid hydrogen peroxide as a sterilant. The log-linear and Weibull models were found to be suitable for estimating the sterilization process at different temperatures and peroxide concentrations, with reasonably accurate parameter estimates.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Arun K. Bhunia, Rana Al-Sadi
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Arun K. K. Bhunia, Atul K. K. Singh, Kyle Parker, Bruce M. M. Applegate
Summary: Classical microbiology played a crucial role in the development of modern biotechnology and microbial biosensing platforms. The invention of the Petri plate revolutionized the field of microbiology and continues to have a profound impact on isolating, identifying, and studying microorganisms. The use of sensing devices to detect and identify bacteria directly on the plate has the potential to further revolutionize microbiology, particularly in gene sequencing, pathogenicity study, and characterizing industrially beneficial traits.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Chuyan Chen, Claudia P. Coronel-Aguilera, Bruce M. Applegate, Andrew G. Gehring, Arun K. Bhunia, George C. Paoli
Summary: The USDA-FSIS has zero tolerance for E. coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef and currently collects samples from beef processing facilities for testing. This study assessed the potential of using a phage-based luminescence detection assay during sample transportation, and the results suggest that this approach is feasible.
Article
Cell Biology
Dongqi Liu, Xingjian Bai, Harrison D. B. Helmick, Manalee Samaddar, Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou, Xilin Li, Shivendra Tenguria, Nicholas L. F. Gallina, Luping Xu, Rishi Drolia, Uma K. Aryal, Gustavo Marcal Schmidt Garcia Moreira, Michael Hust, Mohamed N. Seleem, Jozef L. Kokini, Raluca Ostafe, Abigail Cox, Arun K. Bhunia
Summary: In this study, it is discovered that internalin B (InlB) is the main ligand of listeria adhesion protein (LAP) and their interaction is critical for listeria monocytogenes (Lm) to cross the intestinal epithelium. Deletion or deficiency of InlB reduces LAP-InlB interaction and LAP-mediated pathology in mice. InlB overexpression in non-pathogenic listeria innocua also leads to LAP-InlB interaction. In silico analysis reveals that a pocket region in the C-terminal domain of tetrameric LAP is the binding site for InlB. Mutations in negatively charged amino acids in the C terminus of LAP confirm altered binding conformation and weaker affinity for InlB. InlB transforms the housekeeping enzyme, AdhE (LAP), into a moonlighting pathogenic factor by binding to the cell surface.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Addisu D. Teklemariam, Rashad R. Al-Hindi, Raed S. Albiheyri, Mona G. Alharbi, Mashail A. Alghamdi, Amani A. R. Filimban, Abdullah S. Al Mutiri, Abdullah M. Al-Alyani, Mazen S. Alseghayer, Abdulaziz M. Almaneea, Abdulgader H. Albar, Mohsen A. Khormi, Arun K. Bhunia
Summary: Salmonella is a common zoonotic foodborne pathogen that poses a global public health threat. Transmission of Salmonella to humans occurs through contaminated animal- and plant-derived foods along the farm-to-fork continuum. The virulence factors of Salmonella, including capsule, adhesion proteins, flagella, plasmids, and type III secretion systems, play crucial roles in attaching, invading, and evading the host defense system. The increasing global prevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant variants highlight the need for effective control measures to ensure food safety.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Leonardo Lopes-Luz, Marcelo Mendonca, Matheus Bernardes Torres Fogaca, Djairo Pastor Saavedra, Brenda Garcia Bentivoglio-Silva, Fabricio Rochedo Conceicao, Mariane Martins de Araujo Stefani, Andre Kipnis, Samira Buehrer-Sekula
Summary: A portable test method based on lateral flow immunochromatography has been developed for the quick, specific, and sensitive detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiangge Meng, Chengping Li, Yu Hei, Xiang Zhou, Guoli Zhou
Summary: The study used IVT-SAPAS sequencing to analyze the dynamic changes of APA sites during adipogenesis in bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes and intramuscular preadipocytes. The results showed that APA plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, and UTR-APA switching genes have different trends, with intramuscular preadipocytes tending to use shorter 3'UTR for differentiation. TRIB3, WWTR1, and INSIG1 play important roles in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
S. Alizadeh, S. Khamse, N. Tajeddin, H. R. Khorram Khorshid, A. Delbari, M. Ohadi
Summary: This study identifies a specific genotype at a CG-rich trinucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) locus that is associated with late-onset neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shougang Liu, Zhe Zhuang, Fanghua Liu, Xiuqing Yuan, Zeqiao Zhang, Xiaoqian Liang, Xinhui Li, Yongfeng Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect and mechanism of RPL9 and TIFA in scalp psoriasis, and identified RPL9 as a potential therapeutic target for scalp psoriasis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shiting Wang, Jiaqi Chen, Zhichao Jin, Ying Xing, Ruiping Wang
Summary: This study suggests a causal association between hair color and skin cancers, with light hair colors (red, blonde, and light brown) being associated with an increased risk and dark brown hair being associated with a decreased risk.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Joseph Hawadak, Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Rodrigue Roman Dongang Nana, Karmveer Yadav, Veena Pande, Aparup Das, Vineeta Singh
Summary: This study investigates the genetic diversity and natural selection of the Pfama-1 gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Cameroon. The study finds a considerable nucleotide and haplotype diversity, as well as specific mutations in Cameroonian isolates. Positive diversifying selection and the identification of selected codon sites suggest the potential implication of these genetic variations in host immune pressure and parasite-binding complex modulation. The findings provide valuable baseline data for malaria vaccine design.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Emily Biernat, Mansi Verma, Chhabi K. Govind
Summary: RSC is an essential ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It regulates nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) by sliding flanking nucleosomes away from NDRs. Depletion of RSC leads to nucleosome encroachment in NDRs and transcription initiation defects. The study compared the effects of catalytic-dead Sth1 and rapid depletion of Sth1 on transcription. Rapid depletion of Sth1 reduces recruitment of TBP and Pol II, while the catalytic-dead mutant exhibits a severe reduction in TBP binding but accumulates Pol II in coding regions. The results suggest a role for RSC in transcription elongation and termination processes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yunxiao Wei, Yuhan Song, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Chengzhen Liang, Zhigang Meng, Yuan Wang, Sandui Guo, Rui Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the GhTPP protein family in upland cotton for the first time and identified the important role of GhTPPA_2 in regulating sugar metabolism, improving soluble sugar accumulation, and drought stress tolerance.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yannan Geng, Rui Shao, Tiantong Xu, Lilong Zhang
Summary: A novel risk model based on SCUBE3, TNNC1, SPON1, SEPT12 and ULBP1 genes was developed for predicting PMOP risk, with higher risk score indicating higher risk of suffering from PMOP. Significant differences in signaling pathway activities were observed between the high-risk score group and the low-risk score group.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Randy P. Williams, Corina Lesseur, Haoxiang Cheng, Qian Li, Maya Deyssenroth, Christopher D. Molteno, Ernesta M. Meintjes, Sandra W. Jacobson, Joseph L. Jacobson, Helen Wainwright, Ke Hao, Jia Chen, R. Colin Carter
Summary: The study suggests that heavy alcohol exposure during pregnancy may impact the proportion of fetal placental villi macrophages and increase the expression of inflammatory genes. Further research is needed to explore these effects and evaluate the potential functional roles of placental inflammation in FASD.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lvjing Luo, Lishuang Sun, Shu Li, Huiting Liu, Zhengyu Chen, Shi Huang, Yinyin Mo, Genliang Li
Summary: This study analyzed the expression of Ptpn1 and miR-124-3p in testicular tissues of mice and investigated their regulatory relationship. The results showed that Ptpn1 expression was up-regulated in adult mouse testis compared to juvenile mouse testis, while miR-124-3p expression showed an opposite pattern. Further analysis suggested that the down-regulation of miR-124-3p may contribute to the high expression of Ptpn1 in adult mouse testis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Gairui Li, Dan Zhao, Xiaolin Peng, Yashuang Zhao
Summary: MiRNA-22 shows potential as a candidate for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study found higher miR-22 expression levels in the CRC and CRA groups, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for CRC early screening.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhongqiu Zhu, Qianting Yang, Xiaoying Tian, Da Man, Jian Wang, Junfang Zhang, Bingshe Han
Summary: This study constructed a ceRNA network mediated by lncRNAs in cold-acclimated zebrafish ZF4 cells and revealed that upregulation of MSTRG3207 promotes apoptosis by sponging dre-miR-736 during cold acclimation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Weitao Chen, Denggao Xiang, Shang Gao, Shuli Zhu, Zhi Wu, Yuefei Li, Jie Li
Summary: Dam construction has negatively impacted the genetic diversity and structure of fish populations. This case study on the endangered Hemibagrus guttatus found low genetic diversity, high levels of inbreeding, and decreasing population size in fragmented populations. Genetic structure and differentiation were also observed, indicating the influence of dams on these fish populations.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Pooja Singh, Debleena Guin, Bijay Pattnaik, Ritushree Kukreti
Summary: Through systematic literature review and meta-analysis, it was found that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is significantly associated with 222 polymorphisms in 118 genes. Four polymorphisms - rs35705950/MUC5B, rs2736100/TERT, rs2076295/DSP, and rs111521887/TOLLIP, exhibited substantial epidemiological evidence supporting their association with IPF risk.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jianping Zhang, Zhijun Cai, Fanzhe Feng, Yufeng Peng, Yi Cui, Yongiqing Xu
Summary: This study found that exosomes secreted by young BMSCs can promote the healing of tendon-bone interface after rotator cuff tears. These exosomes can improve extracellular matrix remodeling, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and stemness of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs). The exosomes from young BMSCs have better effects compared to those from aged BMSCs.
