Review
Immunology
Sarah Straub, Natalia G. Sampaio
Summary: Early detection of infection is crucial for our immune system. Mammalian cells have receptors that detect viral RNA, and activation of these receptors can induce immune responses. However, it is now known that these receptors can also be activated without infection, leading to pathological effects. In this review, we discuss recent findings on sterile activation of cytosolic RNA receptors and their roles in disease pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomas Lasek, Magdalena Petrova, Ivana Kosiova, Ondrej Simak, Milos Budesinsky, Jaroslav Kozak, Jan Snasel, Zdenek Vavrina, Gabriel Birkus, Ivan Rosenberg, Ondrej Pav
Summary: The oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L pathway plays a crucial role in the interferon-induced antiviral defense mechanism of cells. The study investigates the influence of 5'-phosphate end on the activation of human RNase L. Results show that isosteric linkages and linkages prolonged by one atom are well tolerated by the enzyme, while linkages shortened by one atom or prolonged by two atoms exhibit decreased activity.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Danyel Lee, Jeremie Le Pen, Ahmad Yatim, Beihua Dong, Yann Aquino, Masato Ogishi, Remi Pescarmona, Estelle Talouarn, Darawan Rinchai, Peng Zhang, Magali Perret, Zhiyong Liu, Iolanda Jordan, Sefika Elmas Bozdemir, Gulsum Iclal Bayhan, Camille Beaufils, Lucy Bizien, Aurelie Bisiaux, Weite Lei, Milena Hasan, Jie Chen, Christina Gaughan, Abhishek Asthana, Valentina Libri, Joseph M. Luna, Fabrice Jaffre, H. Heinrich Hoffmann, Eleftherios Michailidis, Marion Moreews, Yoann Seeleuthner, Kaya Bilguvar, Shrikant Mane, Carlos Flores, Yu Zhang, Andres A. Arias, Rasheed Bailey, Agatha Schluter, Baptiste Milisavljevic, Benedetta Bigio, Tom Le Voyer, Marie Materna, Adrian Gervais, Marcela Moncada-Velez, Francesca Pala, Tomi Lazarov, Romain Levy, Anna-Lena Neehus, Jeremie Rosain, Jessica Peel, Yi-Hao Chan, Marie-Paule Morin, Rosa Maria Pino-Ramirez, Serkan Belkaya, Lazaro Lorenzo, Jordi Anton, Selket Delafontaine, Julie Toubiana, Fanny Bajolle, Victoria Fumado, Marta L. DeDiego, Nadhira Fidouh, Flore Rozenberg, Jordi Perez-Tur, Shuibing Chen, Todd Evans, Frederic Geissmann, Pierre Lebon, Susan R. Weiss, Damien Bonnet, Xavier Duval, Qiang Pan-Hammarstrom, Anna M. Planas, Isabelle Meyts, Filomeen Haerynck, Aurora Pujol, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Clifford L. Dalgard, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne Puel, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Bertrand Boisson, Tom Maniatis, Qian Zhang, Paul Bastard, Luigi Notarangelo, Vivien Beziat, Rebeca Perez de Diego, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego, Helen C. Su, Richard P. Lifton, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Aurelie Cobat, Laia Alsina, Sevgi Keles, Elie Haddad, Laurent Abel, Alexandre Belot, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Charles M. Rice, Robert H. Silverman, Shen-Ying Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Summary: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare and severe condition that occurs in children who have had benign COVID-19. In this study, autosomal recessive deficiencies of OAS1, OAS2, or RNASEL were found in five unrelated children with MIS-C. These deficiencies result in the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines by mononuclear phagocytes when stimulated by dsRNA or SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Immunology
Mengmeng Zhao, Huiyang Sha, Huawei Li, Hang Zhang, Liangzong Huang, Ruining Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that porcine OASL1 inhibits PRRSV-2 infection through activation of MDA5, providing new evidence for understanding the mechanism.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Drayson Graves, Nikolas Akkerman, Scott Bachus, Peter Pelka
Summary: In this study, it was observed that 293 cells were not able to fully complement the late E1A transcripts, leading to growth defects in E1-deleted adenoviruses. This is likely due to splicing differences in E1A RNA between cells and infecting viruses. Complementation of late E1A mRNAs in 293 cells improved viral growth, highlighting the importance of protein complementation in virus production for applications such as vaccine development and gene therapy.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Fernanda Fernandes, John Zewen Chan, Chia Chun Joey Hung, Michelle Victoria Tomczewski, Robin Elaine Duncan
Summary: This study found that cannabidiol (CBD) can enhance the cellular innate immune responses to genes from the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), increasing readiness to respond to RNA-type viral infection without causing apoptosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ittai B. Muller, Marry Lin, Robert de Jonge, Nico Will, Baltasar Lopez-Navarro, Conny van der Laken, Eduard A. Struys, Cees B. M. Oudejans, Yehuda G. Assaraf, Jacqueline Cloos, Amaya Puig-Kroger, Gerrit Jansen
Summary: Macrophages are important targets of methotrexate (MTX) in autoimmune diseases. However, the regulation of folate/MTX metabolism in different types of macrophages remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the pre-mRNA splicing, enzyme activity, and polyglutamylation of MTX in human monocyte-derived macrophages. We found that macrophage polarization influenced FPGS pre-mRNA splicing and enzyme activity, as well as the accumulation of MTX-polyglutamate. Furthermore, MTX exposure induced differential gene expression and splicing, particularly in M2-macrophages. These findings suggest that macrophage polarization may impact MTX treatment efficacy through differential folate/MTX metabolism and downstream pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
A. Gallo, D. Dolfini, A. Bernardini, N. Gnesutta, R. Mantovani
Summary: NF-YA, the regulatory subunit of the trimeric CCAAT-binding transcription factor NF-Y, has multiple alternative spliced isoforms, and NF-YAx and NF-YAg are enriched in Aves and play a major role in early chicken embryo development. In addition, the absence of exon-5 in NF-YAg leads to a global reduction of beta-stranded elements, while removal of the disordered exon-3 sequence has limited effects on TAD architecture.
Article
Virology
Emmanuelle Bignon, Marco Marazzi, Tom Miclot, Giampaolo Barone, Antonio Monari
Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 emphasized the importance of understanding emerging viruses, while investigating the molecular mechanisms of West Nile Virus can aid in designing effective antivirals.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mark Thursz, Fouzia Sadiq, Julia A. Tree, Peter Karayiannis, David W. C. Beasley, Wanwissa Dejnirattisai, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin Screaton, Matthew Wand, Michael J. Elmore, Miles W. Carroll, Ian Matthews, Howard Thomas
Summary: PDE12 inhibitors, such as CO-17 and CO-63, have been identified as potential antiviral drugs, reducing the replication of various viruses including DENV, HCV, WNV, and SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitors are well tolerated at therapeutic concentrations and have shown antiviral properties in both human cells and animal models.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristina Pedersen, Martin Haupt-Jorgensen, Lars Krogvold, Simranjeet Kaur, Ivan C. Gerling, Flemming Pociot, Knut Dahl-Jorgensen, Karsten Buschard
Summary: The study identified a genetic predisposition in the 2'-5'A pathway that potentially contributes to dysregulation of the innate antiviral immune system in type 1 diabetes, revealing a potential role of the immune mechanism in the development of the disease.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Anmol Gokul, Thilona Arumugam, Veron Ramsuran
Summary: In recent studies, it has been found that infectious diseases are more prevalent in Africa. This is partly due to unique genetic variants found within the African genome. Understanding the host genetic mechanisms can help develop targeted therapies for these diseases.
Article
Cell Biology
Jin-Zhu Wang, Xing Fu, Zhaoyuan Fang, Hui Liu, Feng-Yang Zong, Hong Zhu, Yan-Fei Yu, Xiao-Ying Zhang, Shen-Fei Wang, Ying Huang, Jingyi Hui
Summary: The alternative splicing program undergoes extensive changes during cancer development and progression, with QKI-5 being downregulated in lung cancer and exhibiting anti-tumor activity. QKI-5 inhibits cell proliferation and migration in part through suppressing the splicing of ADD3 exon 14, and its binding to multiple sites in an upstream intron region represses the splicing of ADD3 exon 14, revealing a key lung cancer-associated splicing event.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chaowei Wen, Zhujun Tian, Lan Li, Tongke Chen, Huajian Chen, Jichen Dai, Zhenzhen Liang, Shumei Ma, Xiaodong Liu
Summary: This study reveals the competitive antagonistic interaction of SRSF3 and HNRNPH1 in regulating the alternative splicing of PRMT5 induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Downregulation of SRSF3 leads to an increased level of PRMT5-ISO5, which enhances cancer cell radiosensitivity. In vivo experiments confirm that IR induces increased levels of PRMT5-ISO5, which in turn enhances tumor killing and regression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pei-Yi Lin, Lulu Y. Chen, Peng Zhou, Sung-Jin Lee, Justin H. Trotter, Thomas C. Suedhof
Summary: Recent research has shown that the deletion of Nrxn2 unexpectedly leads to an increase in excitatory synapse numbers and their presynaptic release probability, suggesting a role of Nrxn2 in restricting synapse assembly. Cultured hippocampal neurons have been used to study the synaptic function and mechanism of Nrxn2, revealing that certain splice variants of Nrxn2 restrict synapse numbers and restrain their release probability. These findings are significant for understanding the mechanism of synapse assembly.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiangge Meng, Chengping Li, Yu Hei, Xiang Zhou, Guoli Zhou
Summary: The study used IVT-SAPAS sequencing to analyze the dynamic changes of APA sites during adipogenesis in bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes and intramuscular preadipocytes. The results showed that APA plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, and UTR-APA switching genes have different trends, with intramuscular preadipocytes tending to use shorter 3'UTR for differentiation. TRIB3, WWTR1, and INSIG1 play important roles in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
S. Alizadeh, S. Khamse, N. Tajeddin, H. R. Khorram Khorshid, A. Delbari, M. Ohadi
Summary: This study identifies a specific genotype at a CG-rich trinucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) locus that is associated with late-onset neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shougang Liu, Zhe Zhuang, Fanghua Liu, Xiuqing Yuan, Zeqiao Zhang, Xiaoqian Liang, Xinhui Li, Yongfeng Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect and mechanism of RPL9 and TIFA in scalp psoriasis, and identified RPL9 as a potential therapeutic target for scalp psoriasis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shiting Wang, Jiaqi Chen, Zhichao Jin, Ying Xing, Ruiping Wang
Summary: This study suggests a causal association between hair color and skin cancers, with light hair colors (red, blonde, and light brown) being associated with an increased risk and dark brown hair being associated with a decreased risk.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Joseph Hawadak, Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Rodrigue Roman Dongang Nana, Karmveer Yadav, Veena Pande, Aparup Das, Vineeta Singh
Summary: This study investigates the genetic diversity and natural selection of the Pfama-1 gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Cameroon. The study finds a considerable nucleotide and haplotype diversity, as well as specific mutations in Cameroonian isolates. Positive diversifying selection and the identification of selected codon sites suggest the potential implication of these genetic variations in host immune pressure and parasite-binding complex modulation. The findings provide valuable baseline data for malaria vaccine design.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Emily Biernat, Mansi Verma, Chhabi K. Govind
Summary: RSC is an essential ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It regulates nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) by sliding flanking nucleosomes away from NDRs. Depletion of RSC leads to nucleosome encroachment in NDRs and transcription initiation defects. The study compared the effects of catalytic-dead Sth1 and rapid depletion of Sth1 on transcription. Rapid depletion of Sth1 reduces recruitment of TBP and Pol II, while the catalytic-dead mutant exhibits a severe reduction in TBP binding but accumulates Pol II in coding regions. The results suggest a role for RSC in transcription elongation and termination processes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yunxiao Wei, Yuhan Song, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Chengzhen Liang, Zhigang Meng, Yuan Wang, Sandui Guo, Rui Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the GhTPP protein family in upland cotton for the first time and identified the important role of GhTPPA_2 in regulating sugar metabolism, improving soluble sugar accumulation, and drought stress tolerance.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yannan Geng, Rui Shao, Tiantong Xu, Lilong Zhang
Summary: A novel risk model based on SCUBE3, TNNC1, SPON1, SEPT12 and ULBP1 genes was developed for predicting PMOP risk, with higher risk score indicating higher risk of suffering from PMOP. Significant differences in signaling pathway activities were observed between the high-risk score group and the low-risk score group.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Randy P. Williams, Corina Lesseur, Haoxiang Cheng, Qian Li, Maya Deyssenroth, Christopher D. Molteno, Ernesta M. Meintjes, Sandra W. Jacobson, Joseph L. Jacobson, Helen Wainwright, Ke Hao, Jia Chen, R. Colin Carter
Summary: The study suggests that heavy alcohol exposure during pregnancy may impact the proportion of fetal placental villi macrophages and increase the expression of inflammatory genes. Further research is needed to explore these effects and evaluate the potential functional roles of placental inflammation in FASD.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lvjing Luo, Lishuang Sun, Shu Li, Huiting Liu, Zhengyu Chen, Shi Huang, Yinyin Mo, Genliang Li
Summary: This study analyzed the expression of Ptpn1 and miR-124-3p in testicular tissues of mice and investigated their regulatory relationship. The results showed that Ptpn1 expression was up-regulated in adult mouse testis compared to juvenile mouse testis, while miR-124-3p expression showed an opposite pattern. Further analysis suggested that the down-regulation of miR-124-3p may contribute to the high expression of Ptpn1 in adult mouse testis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Gairui Li, Dan Zhao, Xiaolin Peng, Yashuang Zhao
Summary: MiRNA-22 shows potential as a candidate for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study found higher miR-22 expression levels in the CRC and CRA groups, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for CRC early screening.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhongqiu Zhu, Qianting Yang, Xiaoying Tian, Da Man, Jian Wang, Junfang Zhang, Bingshe Han
Summary: This study constructed a ceRNA network mediated by lncRNAs in cold-acclimated zebrafish ZF4 cells and revealed that upregulation of MSTRG3207 promotes apoptosis by sponging dre-miR-736 during cold acclimation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Weitao Chen, Denggao Xiang, Shang Gao, Shuli Zhu, Zhi Wu, Yuefei Li, Jie Li
Summary: Dam construction has negatively impacted the genetic diversity and structure of fish populations. This case study on the endangered Hemibagrus guttatus found low genetic diversity, high levels of inbreeding, and decreasing population size in fragmented populations. Genetic structure and differentiation were also observed, indicating the influence of dams on these fish populations.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Pooja Singh, Debleena Guin, Bijay Pattnaik, Ritushree Kukreti
Summary: Through systematic literature review and meta-analysis, it was found that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is significantly associated with 222 polymorphisms in 118 genes. Four polymorphisms - rs35705950/MUC5B, rs2736100/TERT, rs2076295/DSP, and rs111521887/TOLLIP, exhibited substantial epidemiological evidence supporting their association with IPF risk.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jianping Zhang, Zhijun Cai, Fanzhe Feng, Yufeng Peng, Yi Cui, Yongiqing Xu
Summary: This study found that exosomes secreted by young BMSCs can promote the healing of tendon-bone interface after rotator cuff tears. These exosomes can improve extracellular matrix remodeling, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and stemness of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs). The exosomes from young BMSCs have better effects compared to those from aged BMSCs.