The hobo transposon and hobo-related elements are expressed as developmental genes in Drosophila

Transposable elements comprise a significant part of genomes and are involved in their evolvability. The hobo element is found as an active class 11 transposable element in Drosophila melanogaster that is able to induce gonadal dysgenesis. Some hobo-related sequences (hRSs) are thought to be relics of old hobo invasions, and are therefore ancient genomic constituents. However, some of these hRSs are still mobile. The present study analyzed the expression pattern of hobo and a particular type of hRSs, hobo(VAHS). Both elements were shown to be expressed as sense and antisense mRNA transcripts. Expression analysis in whole mount embryos revealed a pattern similar to that of some developmental regulatory genes. Here we suggest that cis-regulatory sequences similar to those in developmental genes exist in hobo sequences. Therefore, hobo mobilization may contribute to the development of new regulatory networks during genomic evolution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.