Review
Cell Biology
Francesca Bianco, Giulia Lattanzio, Luca Lorenzini, Chiara Diquigiovanni, Maurizio Mazzoni, Paolo Clavenzani, Laura Calza, Luciana Giardino, Catia Sternini, Elena Bonora, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the third division of the autonomic nervous system and the largest collection of neurons outside the central nervous system (CNS). Referred to as the "brain-in-the-gut" or the "second brain" of the human body, the ENS controls a vast repertoire of gut functions. Understanding the genetic mechanisms involved in enteric neuropathy may lead to better management of patients with neurogenic gut dysmotility.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Bianco, Giulia Lattanzio, Luca Lorenzini, Maurizio Mazzoni, Paolo Clavenzani, Laura Calza, Luciana Giardino, Catia Sternini, Anna Costanzini, Elena Bonora, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: CIPO is a typical clinical phenotype of severe gut dysmotility characterized by changes in neuro-enteric innervation, interstitial cells of Cajal, and smooth muscle cells. Genetic studies have identified several genes associated with CIPO, paving the way for potential targeted therapies for gut dysmotility.
Article
Microbiology
Giulia Radocchia, Bruna Neroni, Massimiliano Marazzato, Elena Capuzzo, Simone Zuccari, Fabrizio Pantanella, Letizia Zenzeri, Melania Evangelisti, Francesca Vassallo, Pasquale Parisi, Giovanni Di Nardo, Serena Schippa
Summary: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by severe impairment of gastrointestinal motility, posing a significant challenge for diagnosis and therapy. This review aims to explore the relationship between CIPO patients and intestinal microbiota, with a focus on understanding the causes of gut motility dysfunction in these patients. Further studies on the role of the enteric nervous system and the intestinal endocrine system are essential for a deeper understanding of CIPO.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Simone Rossi, Elena Merli, Rita Rinaldi, Gaia Deleonardi, Vincenzo Mastrangelo, Anna Simona Sasdelli, Alessandro Di Federico, Maria Guarino, Vincenzo Donadio, Loris Pironi, Francesco Gelsomino, Roberto De Giorgio, Roberto D'Angelo
Summary: This study aimed to report the demographic and clinical characteristics of two new cases with non-paraneoplastic anti-Hu-associated gut motility impairment, and to provide a comprehensive review of anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic (PGID) and non-paraneoplastic (nPGID) gastrointestinal dysmotility. The study found that nPGID patients showed a better response to immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive treatment and a longer life expectancy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Marie-Catherine Turcotte, Christophe Faure
Summary: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare and severe gastrointestinal disorder, with significant differences between adult and pediatric patients. This article aims to provide pediatric healthcare professionals with an up to date review of PIPO, including etiology, clinical features, diagnostic and management approaches.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thomas Edward Conley, Simon Lal
Summary: Patients with severe chronic small intestinal dysmotility suffer from both nutritional and non-nutritional issues, requiring a multidisciplinary team approach for tailored nutritional care outcomes. Early engagement of a broad team is crucial for achieving the most beneficial and least harmful patient-centered nutritional care outcomes.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Francesca Bianco, Elena Bonora, Giulia Lattanzio, Paolo Clavenzani, Matteo Guarino, Maurizio Mazzoni, Vito Antonio Baldassarro, Luca Lorenzini, Giacomo Caio, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Catia Sternini, Gianrico Farrugia, Luciana Giardino, Laura Calza, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: Severe gut motility disorders, such as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), are characterized by ineffective propulsion of intestinal contents due to structural and functional alterations in the intrinsic and extrinsic nerve supply, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and smooth muscle cells. This chapter explores the molecular mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and genetics of CIPO, with a focus on the role of specific genetic mutations involving RAD21, LIG3, and ACTG2. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to targeted strategies for managing this severe disease.
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM II
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Fernando A. Vicentini, Catherine M. Keenan, Laurie E. Wallace, Crystal Woods, Jean-Baptiste Cavin, Amanda R. Flockton, Wendy B. Macklin, Jaime Belkind-Gerson, Simon A. Hirota, Keith A. Sharkey
Summary: The study demonstrates the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the GI tract in a sex-independent manner. The microbiota is essential for maintaining ENS integrity by regulating enteric neuronal survival and promoting neurogenesis. Molecular determinants such as LPS and SCFA play a key role in regulating enteric neuronal survival and neurogenesis.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zhiliang Wei, Lina Lu, Youjie Zheng, Weihui Yan, Yijng Tao, Yongtao Xiao, Wei Cai, Ying Wang
Summary: This study identified that variants affecting codon 257 of ACTG2 protein sequence were common in Chinese PIPO patients and discovered 4 novel variants in ACTG2 related to Chinese PIPO.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Atchariya Chanpong, Hannah Cronin, Dyanne Rampling, Michael Ashworth, Simon Eaton, Anna Rybak, Efstratios Saliakellis, Keith J. Lindley, Osvaldo Borrelli, Nikhil Thapar
Summary: The newly developed enhanced ADM analysis and GLASS score can effectively differentiate between PIPO and non-PIPO patients, as well as different histopathological pathologies, providing a more accurate diagnostic tool in pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Susan Nham, Alexander T. M. Nguyen, Andrew J. A. Holland
Summary: Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) is a rare and challenging disorder to diagnose and treat, with management mainly relying on parenteral nutrition and intestinal transplantation, which may lead to serious complications in the long term.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hiroki Sato, Kenya Kamimura, Hideaki Matsui, Takashi Owaki, Shinichi Morita, Yuto Tanaka, Natsuki Ishikawa, Yoshifumi Shimada, Junji Yokoyama, Toshifumi Wakai, Shuji Terai
Summary: This study aimed to determine the role of esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) in CIPO and the histological characteristics of the disease. It was found that HRM can be useful to diagnose the severity of the clinical course and that the loss of intestinal neural ganglion cells is related to the severity of the disease.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Junxian Wen, Weijie Chen, Lu Gao, Xiaoyuan Qiu, Guole Lin
Summary: Intestinal pseudo-obstruction with hepatobiliary dilatation and ureterohydronephrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus is rare, known as visceral muscle dysmotility syndrome (VMDS). This report describes a case of VMDS with mechanical intestinal obstruction relieved by surgery in a 31-year-old female patient with SLE. Surgery can be beneficial in specific situations for VMDS patients with mechanical ileus.
BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dayoung Ko, Hee-Beom Yang, Joong Youn, Hyun-Young Kim
Summary: A study of 66 pediatric CIPO patients revealed a higher proportion of early-onset CIPO and patients with urologic symptoms, as well as a majority of cases with generalized involvement. Factors such as duration of PN, PN use, and home management were found to impact outcomes, while mortality was associated with pathologic type.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Marvin Bubeck, Christoph Becker, Jay V. Patankar
Summary: The intestinal mucosal surface, which is in direct contact with the environment, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis through the coordinated actions of immune, epithelial, and neuronal cells. The enteric nervous system has been found to have important functions in regulating and maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the neuro-immune-epithelial mechanisms ensuring intestinal barrier integrity and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Silvano Gallus, Alessandra Lugo, Elisa Borroni, Teo Vignoli, Lisa Lungaro, Giacomo Caio, Roberto De Giorgio, Giorgio Zoli, Fabio Caputo
Summary: This systematic review summarizes literature on major symptoms of protracted alcohol withdrawal in patients with alcohol use disorder. The pharmacological approach to manage protracted alcohol withdrawal ensures a more rapid reduction of symptoms (craving in particular), achieving in three weeks similar results obtained only after almost 6 months without treatment.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Irene Neri, Elisa Boschetti, Matilde Yung Follo, Roberto De Giorgio, Lucio Ildebrando Cocco, Lucia Manzoli, Stefano Ratti
Summary: Background: The gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system are bi-directionally connected through the gut-brain axis, which plays a role in neurodevelopment and physiology. Objective: This review focuses on the impact of gut microbiota on the integrity of intestinal and blood-brain barriers and explores potential markers for assessing their permeability. Conclusion: Evaluating the permeability of intestinal and blood-brain barriers in neurological patients can provide insights into central nervous system disorders and suggest new targets for treatment.
MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pasquale Mansueto, Aurelio Seidita, Maurizio Soresi, Alessandra Giuliano, Giorgia Riccio, Umberto Volta, Giacomo Caio, Francesco La Blasca, Rosaria Disclafani, Roberto De Giorgio, Antonio Carroccio
Summary: Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) patients frequently suffer from extraintestinal symptoms, including anemia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of anemia in NCWS patients. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia in NCWS patients was 34.8%, significantly higher than in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients (17.4%), but not in celiac disease (CD) patients. The main features associated with anemia in NCWS patients were female sex, diagnostic delay, poly/hypermenorrhea, iron deficiency, and higher TSH values. Long-term strict wheat-free diet (WFD) significantly reduced anemia and improved iron metabolism. Therefore, NCWS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemic patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Marasco, Cesare Cremon, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Giulia Cacciari, Francesca Falangone, Anna Kagramanova, Dmitry Bordin, Vasile Drug, Egidia Miftode, Pietro Fusaroli, Salem Youssef Mohamed, Chiara Ricci, Massimo Bellini, Mohammed Masudur Rahman, Luigi Melcarne, Javier Santos, Beatriz Lobo, Serhat Bor, Suna Yapali, Deniz Akyol, Ferdane Pirincci Sapmaz, Yonca Yilmaz Urun, Tugce Eskazan, Altay Celebi, Huseyin Kacmaz, Berat Ebik, Hatice Cilem Binicier, Mehmet Sait Bugdayci, Munkhtsetseg Banzragch Yagci, Husnu Pullukcu, Berrin Yalinbas Kaya, Ali Tureyen, Ibrahim Hatemi, Elif Sitre Koc, Goktug Sirin, Ali Riza Caliskan, Goksel Bengi, Esra Ergun Alis, Snezana Lukic, Meri Trajkovska, Keren Hod, Dan Dumitrascu, Antonello Pietrangelo, Elena Corradini, Magnus Simren, Jessica Sjoelund, Navkiran Tornkvist, Uday C. Ghoshal, Olga Kolokolnikova, Antonio Colecchia, Jordi Serra, Giovanni Maconi, Roberto De Giorgio, Silvio Danese, Piero Portincasa, Antonio Di Sabatino, Marcello Maggio, Elena Philippou, Yeong Yeh Lee, Daniele Salvi, Alessandro Venturi, Claudio Borghi, Marco Zoli, Paolo Gionchetti, Pierluigi Viale, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Giovanni Barbara
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and post-COVID-19 disorders of gut-brain interaction among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that patients with COVID-19 had higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms on hospital admission and lower rates of constipation and hard stools at 12 months post-infection compared to the control group. Additionally, the rate of irritable bowel syndrome was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in controls.
Article
Virology
Irene Soffritti, Maria D'Accolti, Carla Gallenga, Roberto De Giorgio, Matteo Guarino, Martina Maritati, Francesca Bini, Eleonora Mazziga, Carlo Contini, Elisabetta Caselli
Summary: Secretory IgA (sIgA) was detected in the eye of COVID-19 patients, potentially playing a crucial role in early defense against SARS-CoV-2. This study analyzed tear samples from 77 COVID-19 patients to characterize sIgA mucosal immunity in the eye, including 63 vaccinated and 14 non-vaccinated subjects. The data showed significant differences in ocular sIgA response between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, suggesting the potential use of tear-based sIgA tests as a biomarker for assessing mucosal immunity development against SARS-CoV-2.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lisa Lungaro, Anna Costanzini, Francesca Manza, Marianna Barbalinardo, Denis Gentili, Matteo Guarino, Fabio Caputo, Giorgio Zoli, Roberto De Giorgio, Giacomo Caio
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases show gender bias, with female-specific differences influencing disease presentation and activity. Female genetic predisposition related to the X chromosome and hormonal fluctuations can affect gastrointestinal symptoms, pain perception, and pregnancy outcomes. Female patients with inflammatory bowel disease experience poorer quality of life, higher psychological distress, and reduced sexual activity compared to males. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge of female-related features in clinical manifestations, development, therapy, and implications for sexual and psychological well-being. The goal is to provide gastroenterologists with guidance on female-specific differences to improve patient diagnosis, management, and treatment.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Martina Maritati, Alessandro Trentini, Gregory Michel, Stefania Hanau, Matteo Guarino, Roberto De Giorgio, Christelle Pomares, Pierre Marty, Carlo Contini
Summary: This study aimed to compare five serological tests for the diagnosis of visceral and asymptomatic leishmaniasis in southern France. The results showed that IFAT and TruQuick had the highest diagnostic performance for visceral leishmaniasis, while WB LDBio had the best diagnostic performance for asymptomatic carriers.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lisa Lungaro, Francesca Manza, Anna Costanzini, Marianna Barbalinardo, Denis Gentili, Fabio Caputo, Matteo Guarino, Giorgio Zoli, Umberto Volta, Roberto De Giorgio, Giacomo Caio
Summary: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Besides gastrointestinal symptoms, CD can also lead to low bone mineral density and osteoporosis. The bone lesions in CD are influenced by various factors, and not only mineral and vitamin D malabsorption. This review aims to provide an updated overview on CD-induced osteoporosis and highlight new aspects such as the impact of the intestinal microbiome and sex-related differences on bone health, in order to improve its management.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Di Nardo, Letizia Zenzeri, Matteo Guarino, Alessio Molfino, Pasquale Parisi, Giovanni Barbara, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO) is a rare and severe form of gastrointestinal dysmotility, and the current treatment options are limited. There is a need for further research on new drugs and nutritional support strategies for these patients.
EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Carlo Contini, John Charles Rotondo, Benedetta Perna, Matteo Guarino, Roberto De Giorgio
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Maritati, Marco Manfrini, Maria Rosa Iaquinta, Alessandro Trentini, Silva Seraceni, Matteo Guarino, Anna Costanzini, Roberto De Giorgio, Gustavo Alberto Zanoli, Alessandro Borghi, Elisa Mazzoni, Giuseppe De Rito, Carlo Contini
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) producing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) on the outcome of Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI). The study found that SA strains positive for PVL genes resulted in a 100% failure rate in the treatment of acute PJI, while chronic PJI had a 100% eradication rate. Therefore, toxin research and targeted antibiotic therapy should be considered in the treatment of PJI caused by SA.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Elisa Boschetti, Giacomo Caio, Carlo Cervellati, Anna Costanzini, Valentina Rosta, Fabio Caputo, Roberto De Giorgio, Giovanni Zuliani
Summary: This study found that serum zonulin levels change in older patients affected by different types of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serum zonulin increased in patients with late-onset AD, mixed dementia, and aMCI but not in VAD. In addition, serum zonulin levels were higher in aMCI converting to AD compared with stable aMCI, and inversely correlated with cognitive function.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Matteo Guarino, Benedetta Perna, Alice Eleonora Cesaro, Martina Maritati, Michele Domenico Spampinato, Carlo Contini, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: This review aims to update physicians on the main pillars of treatment for sepsis/septic shock, which include empirical antimicrobial treatment, fluid replacement, and the use of vasoactive agents. Other treatments such as mechanical ventilation, anticoagulation, and glycemic control are also recommended but their efficacy is debated.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Surgery
David A. Wattchow, Simon J. Brookes, Nick J. Spencer, Paul T. Heitmann, Roberto De Giorgio, Marcello Costa, Phil. G. Dinning
Summary: Motor function of the colon is crucial for health, and our understanding of its mechanisms is based on various experimental techniques. This article synthesizes key findings from these approaches to help surgeons better manage colonic conditions.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matteo Guarino, Benedetta Perna, Martina Maritati, Francesca Remelli, Caterina Trevisan, Michele Domenico Spampinato, Anna Costanzini, Stefano Volpato, Carlo Contini, Roberto De Giorgio
Summary: This study aims to establish the correlation between PSP and COVID-19 severity. Analysis of a study population of 1373 COVID-19 patients showed that presepsin is a promising biomarker that can express COVID-19 severity.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)