Article
Microbiology
Jacob K. Flynn, Alexandra M. Ortiz, Richard Herbert, Jason M. Brenchley
Summary: Our data show the extent to which host genetics can influence the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome and suggest that within primate species, individual host genetics is unlikely to significantly alter the microbiome. These findings have implications for the development of therapeutics aimed at modifying the microbiome in genetically diverse populations of primates.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Francesca Sanguedolce, Magda Zanelli, Maurizio Zizzo, Stefano Luminari, Giovanni Martino, Alessandra Soriano, Linda Ricci, Cecilia Caprera, Stefano Ascani
Summary: This review aims to define the clinical, pathological, and molecular features of iTLPD-GI, discuss potential pitfalls in differentiating this disease from others, and provide a biomarker-based approach to diagnosis. High heterogeneity in pathological and molecular features of iTLPD-GI is noted, highlighting the importance of accurately diagnosing this rare disease for appropriate treatment.
Review
Immunology
Lina J. Suarez, Silie Arboleda, Nikola Angelov, Roger M. Arce
Summary: This article discusses the differences between the immune systems in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, including anatomy, cell-to-cell communication, antigen processing, signaling, etc., in the context of local immunity and systemic output of epithelia/lymphoid foci/MALT.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Fuhua Li, Kaifang Zeng, Jian Ming
Summary: Dietary fiber (DF) and polyphenols (DP) have distinct yet interconnected roles in lowering blood sugar levels. DF slows down glucose metabolism by enhancing digesta viscosity and hindering enzyme-substrate interaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT), while DP primarily targets enzymes and substrates. When combined, DP enhances DF's adsorption capacity for glucose, while weakening DP's inhibitory effect on enzymes. Both DF and DP disrupt glucose intestinal uptake through physical or genomic modulation, but the co-consumption of DF and DP has a lower inhibitory effect on glucose uptake compared to DP alone. In the lower gastrointestinal tract (LGT), DF and DP show synergistic or antagonistic effects on gut microbiota. Remarkably, whole foods have potent prebiotic effects due to their compound-rich matrix, potentially enhancing glucose homeostasis and expanding dietary options for glucose regulation research.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Bouzas Munoz, Juan Antonio Gimenez-Bastida, Aurora Garcia Tejedor, Claudia Monika Haros, Marta Gomez de Cedron, Ana Ramirez de Molina, Jose Moises Laparra Llopis
Summary: The study showed that administration of SETIs improved survival and decreased tumor burden by modulating monocyte-derived macrophages, playing a key role in diet-induced HCC development. This suggests a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the hepatic innate immune response and create a better antitumoral environment in early stages of HCC development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sujin Kang, Jaekyung Kim, Areum Park, Minsoo Koh, Wonji Shin, Gayoung Park, Taeyun A. Lee, Hyung Jin Kim, Heonjong Han, Yongbo Kim, Myung Kyung Choi, Jae Hyung Park, Eunhye Lee, Hyun-Soo Cho, Hyun Woo Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Sungwook Lee, Boyoun Park
Summary: The authors found that TRIM40, an E3 ligase, disrupts cortical actin formation and leads to loss of epithelial barrier integrity. Genetic loss of TRIM40 is protective against experimental colitis in male mice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jiajia Han, Na Liu, Wenwen Jin, Peter Zanvit, Dunfang Zhang, Junji Xu, Andrew Bynum, Rida Kazmi, Jianmin Zhang, Wei He, WanJun Chen
Summary: This study reveals that TGF-beta signaling controls the development of TCR γδ(+)CD8αα(+)IELs and maintains their integrity in the intestinal barrier during colitis. TGF-beta regulates the function of thymic γδ T cells and intestinal epithelial cells to indirectly control TCR γδ(+)CD8αα(+)IELs.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ginevra Danti, Federica Flammia, Benedetta Matteuzzi, Diletta Cozzi, Valentina Berti, Giulia Grazzini, Silvia Pradella, Laura Recchia, Luca Brunese, Vittorio Miele
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous tumors derived from the diffuse endocrine system, commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) are relatively rare, but due to their ability to produce different substances, they exhibit various clinical manifestations.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jurgen Wess
Summary: GPCRs are significant targets for drugs approved by the US FDA, where activation of different GPCRs can impact physiological outcomes differently, reflecting the effects of G protein activation from different perspectives.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Amelie Juanchich, Severine Urvoix, Christelle Hennequet-Antier, Agnes Narcy, Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau
Summary: The sustainability of poultry farming depends on developing more efficient and autonomous production systems in terms of feed supply. This study aimed to better characterize the development kinetics of the digestive tract in broilers and its relationship with digestive efficiency. Results showed significant differences in organ development between two chicken lines selected for digestive efficiency, with variations in the allometry of the gizzard and intestine segments. Serum pigmentation was identified as a potential biomarker for early discrimination of chickens with high or low digestive efficiency.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elissa Elia, David Brownell, Stephane Chabaud, Stephane Bolduc
Summary: This passage discusses the similarities between the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, which both consist of hollow structures that rely on muscle contractions to facilitate the flow of materials. It describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of these organs, with a particular emphasis on tissue engineering strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Alexane Ollivier, Maxime M. Mahe, Geraldine Guasch
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous series of organs allowing digestion, frequently affected by chronic stress and injury, leading to tissue regeneration and disease risks. Human 3D organoid culture systems provide potential applications in understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms in epithelial wound healing. Organoid models are useful in analyzing human gastrointestinal disease mechanisms, with perspectives on regenerative therapy to improve epithelial barrier repair.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ohman Kwon, Kwang Bo Jung, Kyeong-Ryoon Lee, Ye Seul Son, Hana Lee, Jong-Jin Kim, Kwangho Kim, Seop Lee, Yoo-Kyung Song, Jaeeun Jung, Kunhyang Park, Dae-Soo Kim, Myung Jin Son, Mi-Ok Lee, Tae-Su Han, Hyun-Soo Cho, Soo Jin Oh, Haeun Chung, Sang-Heon Kim, Kyung-Sook Chung, Janghwan Kim, Cho-Rok Jung, Mi-Young Son
Summary: A reproducible two-step protocol was developed to induce human pluripotent stem cells into highly expandable hIEC progenitors and functional hIEC monolayers. This system is more suitable for predicting CYP3A4 metabolism and intestinal absorption than traditional Caco-2 cells.
Review
Microbiology
Nataliia Nikolaieva, Aneta Sevcikova, Radoslav Omelka, Monika Martiniakova, Michal Mego, Sona Ciernikova
Summary: Pre-clinical models and clinical studies have shown that the host-microbiota relationship has a significant impact on cancer development and treatment, leading to the emergence of a microbiota-based approach in clinical oncology. Polymorphic microbes are considered a hallmark of cancer, and microRNAs play a crucial role in gene expression regulation. Bidirectional gut microbiota-microRNA interactions have been found to be important for intestinal homeostasis and are associated with inflammatory responses and dysbiosis in gastrointestinal disorders. This review summarizes the current understanding of miRNA expression in the intestine, with a focus on gut microbiota-miRNA interactions related to intestinal homeostasis, the immune system, and cancer development. The potential clinical utility of fecal miRNA profiling as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in colorectal cancer is discussed, as well as the potential of gut microbiota modulation and personalized microRNA therapeutics in improving outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal cancer in the era of precision medicine.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Junquan Tian, Yuying Li, Xuetai Bao, Fan Yang, Xiongzhuo Tang, Qian Jiang, Chengbo Yang, Yulong Yin, Kang Yao
Summary: Early weaning disrupts intestinal epithelial development and increases the risk of gastrointestinal diseases. Glutamine (Gln), found in plasma and milk, has been reported to have positive effects on intestinal health. This study investigated the impact of Gln on intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity in response to early weaning. The results show that Gln improves early weaning-induced epithelial atrophy and enhances ISC-mediated epithelial regeneration by augmenting WNT signaling.
Article
Oncology
Hidehiro Kaneko, Yuichiro Yano, Hokyou Lee, Hyeok-Hee Lee, Akira Okada, Yuta Suzuki, Hidetaka Itoh, Satoshi Matsuoka, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Akira Nishiyama, Koichi Node, Hyeon Chang Kim, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: Despite limited knowledge on the association between hypertension and cardiovascular events in cancer patients, this study found that moderate to severe hypertension is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and other cardiovascular disease events in cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Yuta Suzuki, Hidehiro Kaneko, Yuichiro Yano, Akira Okada, Katsuhito Fujiu, Satoshi Matsuoka, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Suzanne Oparil, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study examined the relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with proteinuria and preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate. The results showed that stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among medication-naive individuals, while only stage 2 hypertension was associated with an increased risk among those taking blood pressure-lowering medications. This study provides important insights into the cardiovascular disease risk in this population.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Satoshi Ishii, Masaru Hatano, Hisataka Maki, Shun Minatsuki, Akihito Saito, Hiroki Yagi, Mai Shimbo, Katsura Soma, Genri Numata, Takayuki Fujiwara, Norifumi Takeda, Issei Komuro
Summary: The follow-up vasoreactivity test after treatment is important for detecting high-risk sub-groups and referring them for lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) who respond to calcium channel blockers.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Akira Okada, Hidehiro Kaneko, Satoshi Matsuoka, Hidetaka Itoh, Yuta Suzuki, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Satoko Yamaguchi, Koichi Node, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study found an association between cardiovascular health metrics and the risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes. Non-smoking, having a BMI less than 25, regular physical activity, eating breakfast, maintaining ideal blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were associated with a lower risk of diabetes. Improving cardiovascular health metrics may reduce the risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Takuma Ishibashi, Hidehiro Kaneko, Satoshi Matsuoka, Yuta Suzuki, Kensuke Ueno, Ryusei Ohno, Akira Okada, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between fasting plasma glucose, HDL cholesterol levels, and clinical outcomes. The findings suggest that there is a U-shaped association between HDL cholesterol and clinical outcomes, and this association is amplified with worsening glucose tolerance.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hiroyuki Kiriyama, Arihiro Kiyosue, Shun Minatsuki, Takuya Kawahara, Susumu Katsushika, Tatsuya Kamon, Kazutoshi Hirose, Hiroki Shinohara, Mizuki Miura, Akihito Saito, Hironobu Kikuchi, Satoshi Kodera, Masaru Hatano, Jiro Ando, Masahiro Myojo, Nobuhiko Itoh, Keisuke Yamamoto, Hiroshi Ikenouchi, Norifumi Takeda, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study compared the accuracies of saline-induced Pd/Pa ratio and resting full-cycle ratio. The results showed that Pd/Pa ratio predicted FFR more accurately, suggesting it could be an alternative method for evaluating coronary artery stenosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Akira Okada, Hidehiro Kaneko, Masaaki Konishi, Kentaro Kamiya, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Satoshi Matsuoka, Isao Yokota, Yuta Suzuki, Satoko Yamaguchi, Hidetaka Itoh, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study aimed to develop a predictive model for non-home discharge in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure using machine learning. The model consisted of 11 predictors and showed good predictive ability. These findings contribute to effective care coordination in the increasing prevalence of heart failure.
CLINICAL RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kensuke Ueno, Hidehiro Kaneko, Kentaro Kamiya, Akira Okada, Hidetaka Itoh, Masaaki Konishi, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Yuta Suzuki, Satoshi Matsuoka, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Junya Ako, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: The study indicates that initiating rehabilitation therapy early for elderly patients with acute heart failure (AHF) aged > 90 can improve short-term clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Satoshi Bujo, Haruhiro Toko, Kaoru Ito, Satoshi Koyama, Masato Ishizuka, Masahiko Umei, Haruka Yanagisawa-Murakami, Jiaxi Guo, Bowen Zhai, Chunxia Zhao, Risa Kishikawa, Norifumi Takeda, Kensuke Tsushima, Yuichi Ikeda, Eiki Takimoto, Hiroyuki Morita, Mutsuo Harada, Issei Komuro
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a global health burden. Low-carbohydrate diets have beneficial effects on CVD risk, but their preventive effects on heart failure remain unclear. This study shows that a low-carbohydrate diet with plant-derived fat improves heart failure progression, while a low-carbohydrate diet with animal-derived fat aggravates inflammation and cardiac dysfunction. The activation of the PPAR alpha pathway is highlighted as a potential therapeutic target for heart failure.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Satoshi Ishii, Shun Minatsuki, Masaru Hatano, Akihito Saito, Hiroki Yagi, Mai Shimbo, Katsura Soma, Takayuki Fujiwara, Hidetaka Itoh, Chihiro Konoeda, Masaaki Sato, Norifumi Takeda, Masao Daimon, Jun Nakajima, Issei Komuro
Summary: Lung transplantation is the only option for patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension who do not respond to medical therapy. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for severe PAH at the time of referral for transplantation evaluation. The results showed that a higher pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and a lower ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) to PASP (TAPSE/PASP) were associated with an increased risk of death or lung transplantation. The study suggests that a low TAPSE/PASP could be a poor prognostic factor in PAH patients referred for lung transplantation evaluation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Satoshi Kanazawa, Hidehiro Kaneko, Yuichiro Yano, Yuta Suzuki, Akira Okada, Satoshi Matsuoka, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study analyzed the association between hypertension and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in a large sample of adults. The results showed that both men and women with hypertension had an increased risk of AF, but the risk was higher in women. This suggests a potential sex difference in the relationship between hypertension and incident AF.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Akito Shindo, Kazutaka Ueda, Shun Minatsuki, Yukiteru Nakayama, Satoshi Hatsuse, Kanna Fujita, Seitaro Nomura, Masaru Hatano, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroshi Akazawa, Issei Komuro
Summary: We report a case of a 24-year-old man with GSD-IIIb who developed multi-drug-resistant PVOD and carried two novel null variants in the AGL gene. The underlying mechanism for the association of these two rare diseases is unknown.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shintaro Yamada, Toshiyuki Ko, Masamichi Ito, Tatsuro Sassa, Seitaro Nomura, Hiromichi Okuma, Mayuko Sato, Tsuyoshi Imasaki, Satoshi Kikkawa, Bo Zhang, Takanobu Yamada, Yuka Seki, Kanna Fujita, Manami Katoh, Masayuki Kubota, Satoshi Hatsuse, Mikako Katagiri, Hiromu Hayashi, Momoko Hamano, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Shuji Takada, Masashi Toyoda, Masanobu Uchiyama, Masashi Ikeuchi, Kiminori Toyooka, Akihiro Umezawa, Yoshihiro Yamanishi, Ryo Nitta, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. The researchers found that mutant Lamin A/C traps transcription factor TEAD1 at the nuclear membrane, leading to insufficient structural maturation of cardiomyocytes and the development of DCM. Inhibition of the Hippo pathway can rescue the dysregulation of cardiac developmental genes by TEAD1 in LMNA mutant cardiomyocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirms the dysregulated expression of TEAD1 target genes in DCM patients with the LMNA mutation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuta Suzuki, Hidehiro Kaneko, Yuichi Tamura, Akira Okada, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Norifumi Takeda, Taisuke Jo, Hiroyuki Morita, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study analyzed the JMDC Claims Database from 2005 to 2021 and included 2972 patients with no history of cardiovascular disease who were prescribed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after ICI initiation. The results showed a higher incidence of cardiovascular events after ICI treatment, especially within 180 days of the initial prescription.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Naoto Setoguchi, Yukiteru Nakayama, Eisuke Amiya, Norifumi Takeda, Issei Komuro
Summary: This is a case report of NXG-associated large-vessel vasculitis. Low-dose prednisolone may be beneficial for NXG-associated vasculitis and cardiomyopathy. HDL, Apo-A1, and C-reactive protein levels may be useful for monitoring the activity of NXG, and PET/CT is a valuable diagnostic tool for NXG-associated vasculitis.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS
(2023)