Article
Virology
Alok K. Tembhurne, Amita Maheshwari, Himangi Warke, Hemangi Chaudhari, Shilpa C. Kerkar, Kedar Deodhar, Bharat Rekhi, Jayanti Mania-Pramanik
Summary: This study investigates the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in cervical cancer among Indian women. The findings suggest that KIR2DS5, the C4T4 subset, and activating KIR genes are susceptible factors or positively associated with cervical cancer. Additionally, KIR2DL5B may have a protective association against cervical cancer, while KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL3 frequencies have important implications in healthy controls and HPV-infected women, respectively.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aitor Esparza-Baquer, Ibone Labiano, Omar Sharif, Alona Agirre-Lizaso, Fiona Oakley, Pedro M. Rodrigues, Ekaterina Zhuravleva, Colm J. O'Rourke, Elizabeth Hijona, Raul Jimenez-Aguero, Ioana Riano, Ana Landa, Adelaida La Casta, Marco Y. W. Zaki, Patricia Munoz-Garrido, Mikel Azkargorta, Felix Elortza, Andrea Vogel, Gernot Schabbauer, Patricia Aspichueta, Jesper B. Andersen, Sylvia Knapp, Derek A. Mann, Luis Bujanda, Jesus Maria Banales, Maria Jesus Perugorria
Summary: The study revealed that TREM-2 is upregulated in liver cancer tissue and mouse models of liver regeneration and HCC. Trem-2(-/-) mice developed more liver tumors after DEN administration, showing exacerbated liver damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte proliferation. Trem-2 plays a protective role in hepatocarcinogenesis through different pleiotropic effects.
Article
Hematology
Xiang Wang, Xue-Fei Liu, Qian-Nan Shang, Xing-Xing Yu, Ze-Ying Fan, Xun-Hong Cao, Ming-Rui Huo, Ying-Jun Chang, Xiao-Su Zhao, Yu Wang, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Lan-Ping Xu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang, Xiang-Yu Zhao
Summary: This study found that donors with activating KIR genes, specifically KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3, and KIR3DS1, were associated with an increased risk of EBV reactivation after HSCT. The risk was higher when the cognate ligands for the corresponding activating receptors were absent. Measures to prevent EBV reactivation in patients with donors carrying activating genes could improve patient prognosis after HSCT.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moritz Peiseler, Bruna Araujo David, Joel Zindel, Bas G. J. Surewaard, Woo-Yong Lee, Felix Heymann, Ysbrand Nusse, Fernanda V. S. Castanheira, Raymond Shim, Adrien Guillot, Alix Bruneau, Jawairia Atif, Catia Perciani, Christina Ohland, Priyanka Ganguli Mukherjee, Annika Niehrs, Roland Thuenauer, Marcus Altfeld, Mathias Amrein, Zhaoyuan Liu, Paul M. K. Gordon, Kathy McCoy, Justin Deniset, Sonya MacParland, Florent Ginhoux, Frank Tacke, Paul Kubes
Summary: Liver fibrosis disrupts the interaction between Kupffer cells and parenchymal cells, leading to a decrease in bacterial clearance ability. Commensal bacteria stimulate the recruitment of monocytes through CD44 to form multinucleated cell aggregates (syncytia) in a distinct vascular compartment. These syncytia display enhanced bacterial capture ability and may represent an antimicrobial defense mechanism that evolved with fibrosis.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mihai Surcel, Iulia Adina Neamtiu, Daniel Muresan, Iulian Goidescu, Adelina Staicu, Monica Mihaela Marta, Georgiana Nemeti, Radu Harsa, Bogdan Doroftei, Mihai Emil Capilna, Gabriela Caracostea
Summary: There is increasing evidence that endometrial immune disorders may be responsible for gynecological and obstetrical pathology. This study explored the potential relationship between different killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes and reproductive outcomes, and found that the KIR AA genotype population subgroups may be more susceptible to developing chronic endometritis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Aimee L. Hanson, Joanne Sahhar, Gene-Siew Ngian, Janet Roddy, Jennifer Walker, Wendy Stevens, Mandana Nikpour, Shervin Assassi, Susanna Proudman, Maureen D. Mayes, Tony J. Kenna, Matthew A. Brown
Summary: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune inflammatory and fibrotic disease with unknown causes. Through genetic analysis, we confirm associations between HLA and SSc, uncover new associations, and identify associations with clinical and serological subtypes of the disease. We also find genetic interactions between KIR and HLA, suggesting a potential role in individual disease risk.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Steven J. Mack, Daniel Schefzyk, Robert P. Millius, Martin Maiers, Jill A. Hollenbach, Jane Pollack, Michael L. Heuer, Loren Gragert, Stephen R. Spellman, Lisbeth A. Guethlein, Joel Schneider, Werner Bochtler, Hans-Peter Eberhard, James Robinson, Steven G. E. Marsh, Alexander H. Schmidt, Jan A. Hofmann, Juergen Sauter
Summary: The Genotype List (GL) String grammar was introduced in 2013 for reporting HLA and KIR genotypes in a text string. Over the past decade, with advancements in genotyping technologies, an extension of the GL String system was needed. The new GL String delimiter ?, introduced in version 1.1, addresses the need to describe ambiguity in gene sequence assignment.
Article
Biology
Qingxiu Hu, Xiaoqi Huang, Yabin Jin, Rui Zhang, Aimin Zhao, Yiping Wang, Chenyun Zhou, Weixin Liu, Xunwei Liu, Chunhua Li, Guangyi Fan, Min Zhuo, Xiaoning Wang, Fei Ling, Wei Luo
Summary: This study provides the first physical mapping of MHC and KIR gene regions in Vietnamese cynomolgus macaques. It identifies four functional Mafa-B loci and high-frequency alleles. These findings contribute to the precise selection of animals with specific genetic markers for future medical research.
Article
Ophthalmology
Gui-Fang Ren, Lin Zhu, Yun-Long Zhuang, Yun-Xia Liu, Jing Huang, Hui Wang, Qun Wang
Summary: Analysis of KIR genes in severe DED patients treated with RS showed that certain genotypes and haplotypes were associated with better treatment outcomes. This study reveals the potential for personalized therapy strategies in DED patients based on genetic markers.
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tawny L. Chandler, Agnes Yang, Claire E. Otero, Sallie R. Permar, Sarah L. Caddy
Summary: Nonneutralizing antibodies can bind to viruses but cannot block infection. Recent studies have shown that these antibodies can elicit protective responses against specific viruses and significantly reduce virus replication in animal models. They function through mechanisms such as recruiting effector proteins or cells to destroy the antibody-virus complex in the extracellular space, or blocking virus life cycle or recruiting intracellular Fc receptor TRIM21 inside cells.
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuel Muro, Isabel Legaz
Summary: HLA compatibility, viral infections, and HLA-C/KIR combinations are all related to liver transplant rejection and survival. Presence of DSAs in the recipient may lead to increased risk of acute and chronic rejection, faster graft fibrosis, biliary problems, poorer survival, and even de novo autoimmune hepatitis. High-risk patients with preformed DSAs and higher MFI values should be considered for selecting the graft placed and desensitization methods. In cases of combined kidney-liver transplant, DSAs resistant to treatment may result in antibody-mediated rejection and loss of the renal graft.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Qing Han, Zhaohui Zheng, Qiang Liang, Xianghui Fu, Fengfan Yang, Ronghua Xie, Jin Ding, Kui Zhang, Ping Zhu
Summary: The study found that Iguratimod can improve lung function, reduce bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation, decrease collagen production and inflammatory damage in the tissue.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isabel Legaz, Jose Miguel Bolarin, Jose Antonio Campillo, Maria R. Moya-Quiles, Manuel Miras, Manuel Muro, Alfredo Minguela, Maria R. Alvarez-Lopez
Summary: This study reveals that the combination of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and European human leukocyte antigen 2 (HLA-C2) genotypes in recipients is associated with chronic liver rejection (CR). The presence of inhibitory KIR genes significantly increases the incidence of chronic rejection. In addition, KIR2DL3 and the absence of donor HLA-C2 ligand also have an impact on chronic rejection. These findings have important clinical implications for understanding the mechanism of chronic liver rejection and improving treatment options.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francis D. Gratte, Sara Pasic, N. Dianah B. Abu Bakar, Jully Gogoi-Tiwari, Xiao Liu, Rodrigo Carlessi, Tatiana Kisseleva, David A. Brenner, Grant A. Ramm, John K. Olynyk, Janina E. E. Tirnitz-Parker
Summary: Chronic liver injury involves continuous epithelial cell loss and inflammation, with hepatic wound healing processes including matrix deposition through activated HSCs and the expansion of LPCs. Recovery from previous TAA insult results in reduced disease progression and fibrosis, with coculture data showing that HSCs and LPCs communicate to regulate fibrogenesis, highlighting the role of LPCs as regulatory cells in chronic liver disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Anna-Maria Hitz, Kim-Alina Blaesing, Bettina Wiegmann, Ramon Bellmas-Sanz, Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Franziska Wandrer, Lisa-Marie Horn, Christine Neudoerfl, Jana Keil, Kerstin Beushausen, Fabio Ius, Wiebke Sommer, Murat Avsar, Christian Kuehn, Igor Tudorache, Jawad Salman, Thierry Siemeni, Axel Haverich, Gregor Warnecke, Christine S. Falk, Jenny F. Kuehne
Summary: In the early post-transplant period after double lung transplantation, higher frequencies of donor NK and T cells expressing KIR in the recipient blood suggest a potential regulatory role in immune balance and graft survival. Higher activation levels of donor NK and T cells also indicate their pre-activation status during the transplantation process.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Y. U. S. U. K. E. Shimakawa, G. I. B. R. I. L. Ndow, A. T. S. U. S. H. Kaneko, K. A. T. S. U. M. Aoyagi, M. A. U. D. Lemoine, Y. A. S. U. H. I. T. O. Tanaka
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kai Man Alexander Ho, Rebecca F. Baggaley, Timothy C. Stone, Aine Hogan, Yusuf Kabir, Christopher Johnson, Robert Merrifield, Laurence B. Lovat
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to restrictions such as social distancing and mandatory wearing of face masks. Singing and religious gatherings have been linked to infection clusters, and between 2020 and 2021 indoor congregational singing and chanting were prohibited in the United Kingdom. Our study found that a majority of participants would find it acceptable to wear a face mask and reduce their singing or chanting volume if required, even though some found face masks to be uncomfortable. Younger age was associated with a higher acceptability of face masks. Most respondents stated that religious services had become shorter, attended by fewer people, and with reduced singing or chanting. Compliance with government guidelines in places of worship was high.
JOURNAL OF RELIGION & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chloe Siegele-Brown, Martin Siegele-Brown, Charlotte Cook, Salim I. Khakoo, Julie Parkes, Mark Wright, Ryan M. Buchanan
Summary: This study models the testing coverage required to sustain the elimination of hepatitis C (HCV) in an injecting network of people who inject drugs (PWID) and finds that network-based strategies, such as "bring a friend" initiatives and contact tracing, lower the level of testing coverage required to maintain elimination.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nora Schmit, Shevanthi Nayagam, Maud Lemoine, Gibril Ndow, Yusuke Shimakawa, Mark R. Thursz, Timothy B. Hallett
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of different monitoring strategies for HBV-infected individuals. The findings showed that monitoring every 5 years for 15-45 year olds in a community-based screening program in The Gambia was the most cost-effective strategy.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nila Jambulingam, Roberta Forlano, Benjamin Preston, Benjamin H. Mullish, Greta Portone, Yama Baheer, Michael Yee, Robert D. Goldin, Mark R. Thursz, Pinelopi Manousou
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and fibrosis stage is an important predictor for clinical outcomes. This study investigates the metabolic profile of NAFLD patients in relation to fibrosis progression. The results show that a combination of metabolites and lipoproteins can accurately identify fast fibrosis progressors and perform better than noninvasive markers. These specific metabolic profiles can predict fibrosis progression in patients with NAFLD, and algorithms combining metabolites and lipids could be used for risk stratification of these patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Josepmaria Argemi, Maria U. Latasa, Stephen R. Atkinson, Ilya O. Blokhin, Veronica Massey, Joel P. Gue, Joaquin Cabezas, Juan J. Lozano, Derek Van Booven, Aaron Bell, Sheng Cao, Lawrence A. Vernetti, Juan P. Arab, Meritxell Ventura-Cots, Lia R. Edmunds, Constantino Fondevila, Peter Starkel, Laurent Dubuquoy, Alexandre Louvet, Gemma Odena, Juan L. Gomez, Tomas Aragon, Jose Altamirano, Juan Caballeria, Michael J. Jurczak, D. Lansing Taylor, Carmen Berasain, Claes Wahlestedt, Satdarshan P. Monga, Marsha Y. Morgan, Pau Sancho-Bru, Philippe Mathurin, Shinji Furuya, Carolin Lackner, Ivan Rusyn, Vijay H. Shah, Mark R. Thursz, Jelena Mann, Matias A. Avila, Ramon Bataller
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kai Man Alexander Ho, Avi Rosenfeld, Aine Hogan, Hazel McBain, Margaret Duku, Paul B. D. Wolfson, Ashley Wilson, Sharon M. Y. Cheung, Laura Hennelly, Lester Macabodbod, David G. Graham, Vinay Sehgal, Amitava Banerjee, Laurence B. Lovat
Summary: The study used a machine learning approach to predict oesophageal cancer based on questionnaire responses. The model showed high accuracy and sensitivity in detecting oesophageal cancer. The findings suggest that this questionnaire approach could help prioritize high-risk patients for endoscopy, addressing endoscopic backlogs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Luke D. Tyson, Stephen Atkinson, Robert W. Hunter, Michael Allison, Andrew Austin, James W. Dear, Ewan Forrest, Tong Liu, Emma Lord, Steven Masson, Joao Nunes, Paul Richardson, Stephen D. Ryder, Mark Wright, Mark Thursz, Nikhil Vergis
Summary: This study aimed to determine the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), its association with mortality, and serum biomarkers for predicting AKI in alcohol-related hepatitis. The results showed that AKI was associated with 90-day mortality independently of liver function, and prednisolone therapy reduced the incidence of AKI. IL-8 and several miRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for predicting AKI.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Juan P. Arab, Giovanni Addolorato, Philippe Mathurin, Mark R. Thursz
Summary: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common cause of cirrhosis and liver-related mortality globally. Early detection of liver fibrosis requires an innovative noninvasive screening approach. Managing ALD involves addressing both the liver disease and alcohol use disorder (AUD), requiring integrated care models that are currently not widely available. Recent progress includes better understanding of response to medical treatment, improved survival prediction, and the concept of early liver transplantation for severe cases of ALD.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mark Thursz, Fouzia Sadiq, Julia A. Tree, Peter Karayiannis, David W. C. Beasley, Wanwissa Dejnirattisai, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin Screaton, Matthew Wand, Michael J. Elmore, Miles W. Carroll, Ian Matthews, Howard Thomas
Summary: PDE12 inhibitors, such as CO-17 and CO-63, have been identified as potential antiviral drugs, reducing the replication of various viruses including DENV, HCV, WNV, and SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitors are well tolerated at therapeutic concentrations and have shown antiviral properties in both human cells and animal models.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mark Thursz, Fouzia Sadiq, Julia A. Tree, Peter Karayiannis, David W. C. Beasley, Wanwissa Dejnirattisai, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin Screaton, Matthew Wand, Michael J. Elmore, Miles W. Carroll, Ian Matthews, Howard Thomas
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gibril Ndow, Erwan Vo-Quang, Yusuke Shimakawa, Amie Ceesay, Saydiba Tamba, Harr F. Njai, Lamin Bojang, Charlotte Hateley, Yuki Takao, Emmanuel Opoku, Zakary Warsop, Patrick Ingiliz, Umberto D'Alessandro, Isabelle Chemin, Maimuna Mendy, Mark Thursz, Ramou Njie, Maud Lemoine
Summary: This study examines the characteristics and outcomes of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in The Gambia and investigates the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on the survival of HBV-infected patients with cirrhosis. The results show that patients with cirrhosis without hepatocellular carcinoma have a higher survival rate compared to patients with both conditions. In HBV-infected patients with cirrhosis, TDF treatment is associated with improved survival.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Trishan Vaikunthanathan, Emmanuelle Landmann, Diana Marin Correa, Marco Romano, Silvia Cellone Trevelin, Qi Peng, Elena Crespo, Mauro Corrado, Juan-Jose Lozano, Erika L. Pearce, Elena Perpinan, Anna Zoccarato, Leonard Siew, Joy Edwards-Hicks, Reenam Khan, Nguyet-Thin Luu, Mark R. Thursz, Philip N. Newsome, Marc Martinez-Llordella, Naina Shah, Robert I. Lechler, Ajay M. Shah, Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo, Giovanna Lombardi, Niloufar Safinia
Summary: This study reveals that functional redox homeostasis is crucial for the function, stability, and survival of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Targeting Treg-specific antioxidant pathways may have therapeutic potential to reverse Treg impairment in conditions of oxidative damage such as advanced liver disease.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shevanthi Nayagam, Margaret J. de Villiers, Yusuke Shimakawa, Maud Lemoine, Mark R. Thursz, Nick Walsh, Timothy B. Hallett
Summary: In 2020, WHO recommended adding peripartum antiviral prophylaxis to hepatitis B vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV. This study evaluated the impact and cost-effectiveness of this recommendation and a simplified strategy of providing antiviral prophylaxis to all HBsAg-positive pregnant women. The findings suggest that the addition of peripartum antiviral prophylaxis could be cost-effective in many countries, especially if diagnostic costs are reduced.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark Thursz, Anne Lingford-Hughes
Summary: Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a leading contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality, and its burden is increasing. The disease is influenced by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Despite long-term excessive alcohol consumption, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, missing opportunities for intervention. Non-invasive tests have shown promise in early detection. Public health measures and individual interventions have limited ability to reduce the disease burden due to a lack of effective interventions. Abstinence from alcohol is crucial for established ALD patients, and liver transplant is indicated in cases of decompensated ALD. Understanding the mechanisms of alcohol-induced liver disease offers potential for new treatments, but funding in this area has been historically inadequate.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)