Review
Cell Biology
Christina E. Zielinski
Summary: Sodium chloride has been proposed to have potent effects on T cell responses in the context of autoimmune, allergic, and infectious tissue inflammation in both mouse models and humans. It is stringently regulated in the blood by the kidneys but displays differential deposition patterns in peripheral tissues, which may be influenced by dietary intake and intentional behavior. Its downstream cellular activities represent a potential therapeutic target given its effects on T cell cytokine production.
Review
Immunology
Michelle F. Huffaker, Srinath Sanda, Sindhu Chandran, Sharon A. Chung, E. William St Clair, Gerald T. Nepom, Dawn E. Smilek
Summary: The article reviews concepts evolved from the clinical trial experience of the Immune Tolerance Network, focusing on lessons learned from innovative mechanistic studies and new strategies for tolerance induction.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kevin Bode, Mathias Hauri-Hohl, Vincent Jaquet, Heiko Weyd
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have diverse functions within cells and organisms, but their potential to damage biological structures has long been recognized. While phagocytes use ROS to defend against pathogens, regulated release of signaling ROS (sROS) modulates immune responses. This release is primarily attributed to the enzyme NOX2 expressed in myeloid cells. A comprehensive understanding of NOX2 activation and regulation is crucial for pharmaceutical interventions of ROS-related diseases. In this review, recent progress regarding immune regulation by NOX2-derived ROS and the consequences of its deregulation on immune disorders are summarized.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Timothy C. Borbet, Miranda B. Pawline, Jackie Li, Melody L. Ho, Yue Sandra Yin, Xiaozhou Zhang, Ekaterina Novikova, Katelyn Jackson, Briana J. Mullins, Victoria E. Ruiz, Marcus J. Hines, Xue-Song Zhang, Anne Mueller, Sergei B. Koralov, Martin J. Blaser
Summary: During postnatal development, the use of antibiotics can disrupt the maturing microbiome and the host immune system, with long-lasting effects on germinal center formation and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) production. The timing of antibiotic exposure, particularly during the early-life stage, has a significant impact on Peyer's patch development and immune cell abundance. Bifidobacterium longum has been found to be associated with germinal center frequency and introducing this probiotic strain can partially restore the immunological deficits caused by early-life antibiotic use.
Review
Immunology
Mansur Aliyu, Fatema Tuz Zohora, Abubakar Umar Anka, Kashif Ali, Shayan Maleknia, Mohammad Saffarioun, Gholamreza Azizi
Summary: IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity, playing a crucial role in immune response. Aberrant production of IL-6 is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Drugs targeting IL-6 have been used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Understanding different mechanisms that modulate IL-6 expression can provide potential solutions for future treatments.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Yihe Chen, Shudan Wang, Hamid Alemi, Thomas Dohlman, Reza Dana
Summary: The ocular surface has immune privilege, which is actively maintained through immunoregulatory mechanisms to prevent inflammation. In this review, we focus on the molecular and cellular players that promote immune quiescence and suppress inflammation in steady-state conditions and disease-states. Understanding the immunoregulatory mechanisms will facilitate the development of targeted immunomodulatory strategies for ocular surface inflammatory disorders.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Oindrila Rahaman, Dipyaman Ganguly
Summary: Endocannabinoids play a key role in modulating the immune system, with both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects. Understanding the interaction between endocannabinoids and immune cells may lead to potential therapeutic implications for autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders.
Review
Immunology
Wei Sun, Pengchong Li, Jianping Cai, Jie Ma, Xuan Zhang, Yong Song, Yudong Liu
Summary: This article summarizes the altered lipid metabolism and its role in the pathogenesis and progression of SLE. Dysregulated lipid metabolism has complex effects on specific cell types, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wei Huang, Ke Rui, Xiaomeng Wang, Na Peng, Wenhao Zhou, Xiaofei Shi, Liwei Lu, Dajun Hu, Jie Tian
Summary: As a ligand-activated transcription factor, AhR is activated by diverse ligands derived from the environment, diet, microorganisms, and metabolic activity. Recent studies have revealed that AhR regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as cell differentiation and function. This review discusses the activation mechanism of AhR, its role in immune regulation, and the potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Gianchecchi, Andrea Arena, Alessandra Fierabracci
Summary: Siglecs are a type of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that play a crucial role in regulating immune responses. They play a key role in distinguishing between self and non-self molecules.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ariel Israel, Alejandro A. Schaffer, Matitiahu Berkovitch, David J. Ozeri, Eugene Merzon, Ilan Green, Avivit Golan-Cohen, Eytan Ruppin, Shlomo Vinker, Eli Magen
Summary: This study found that individuals with G6PD deficiency are at a higher risk of developing autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and allergic conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into the comprehensive association between G6PD deficiency and infectious and immune-related diseases, emphasizing the importance of considering G6PD deficiency as a potential risk factor in clinical practice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Paul Engeroff, Monique Vogel
Summary: IgE can bind to two receptors, playing different roles on different cells, inducing allergic reactions on one hand and participating in IgE regulation and antigen presentation on the other. In inflammation and immune homeostasis, CD23 plays an important modulatory role.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Thiviya Darmarajan, Keshav Raj Paudel, Mayuren Candasamy, Jestin Chellian, Thiagarajan Madheswaran, Lakshmana Prabu Sakthivel, Bey Hing Goh, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Niraj Kumar Jha, Hari Prasad Devkota, Gaurav Gupta, Monica Gulati, Sachin Kumar Singh, Philip Michael Hansbro, Brian Gregory George Oliver, Kamal Dua, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
Summary: This review article aims to establish an understanding of the relationship between autoimmune conditions and COVID-19 infections. Studies have suggested a correlation between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases, with the SARS-CoV-2 virus potentially triggering autoimmune conditions. The review also discusses promising therapeutic strategies for regulating autoimmune conditions in the future.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Gui-Xiang Tian, Ke-Ping Peng, Yong Yu, Cheng-Bai Liang, Hai-Qing Xie, Yu-Yang Guo, Shan Zhou, Michael B. W. Zheng, Peng-Yuan Zheng, Ping-Chang Yang
Summary: This study found that the short-chain fatty acid propionic acid (PA) plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of IL-10 in B10 cells. PA stabilizes the mRNA of IL-10, promotes IL-10 production, and attenuates the allergic response by maintaining the function of B10 cells.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kisara Hattori-Muroi, Hanako Naganawa-Asaoka, Yuma Kabumoto, Kei Tsukamoto, Yosuke Fujisaki, Yumiko Fujimura, Seiga Komiyama, Yusuke Kinashi, Miki Kato, Shintaro Sato, Daisuke Takahashi, Koji Hase
Summary: This study found that alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (alpha-GIs) have an impact on the intestinal IgA response by enhancing antigen-specific IgA responses. This is mainly achieved by stimulating Tfh and germinal center B cell responses in Peyer's patches, and is associated with changes in the composition of the commensal microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Claudia A. Rivera, Violaine Randrian, Wilfrid Richer, Yohan Gerber-Ferder, Maria-Graciela Delgado, Aleksandra S. Chikina, Annika Frede, Chiara Sorini, Mathieu Maurin, Hana Kammoun-Chaari, Sara M. Parigi, Christel Goudot, Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo, Sylvain Baulande, Sonia Lameiras, Pierre Guermonprez, Caetano Reis e Sousa, Marc Lecuit, Helene D. Moreau, Julie Helft, Danijela Matic Vignjevic, Eduardo J. Villablanca, Ana-Maria Lennon-Dumenil
Summary: There are two pools of cDC2s in the small intestine, originating from common pre-DC precursors, and their phenotypes are influenced by food-derived retinoic acid.
Article
Immunology
Cajsa H. Classon, Muzhen Li, Ada Lerma Clavero, Junjie Ma, Xiaogang Feng, Christopher A. Tibbitt, Julian M. Stark, Rebeca Cardoso, Emma Ringqvist, Louis Boon, Eduardo J. Villablanca, Antonio Gigliotti Rothfuchs, Liv Eidsmo, Jonathan M. Coquet, Susanne Nylen
Summary: Infection by strictly intestinal helminths can increase the numbers of CD4(+) T cells in the skin of mice, leading to a skewed T(H)2 cell composition and long-term effects on skin immune responses. This indicates a novel gut-to-skin cell trafficking process and worm-mediated immunosuppression.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara M. Parigi, Ludvig Larsson, Srustidhar Das, Ricardo O. Ramirez Flores, Annika Frede, Kumar P. Tripathi, Oscar E. Diaz, Katja Selin, Rodrigo A. Morales, Xinxin Luo, Gustavo Monasterio, Camilla Engblom, Nicola Gagliani, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, Joakim Lundeberg, Eduardo J. Villablanca
Summary: In this study, the authors used spatial transcriptomics to investigate the transcriptomic regionalization of the colon during steady state and mucosal healing. They found that the colon exhibits molecular regionalization in steady state conditions, which undergoes significant changes during mucosal healing. They identified spatially-organized transcriptional programs associated with mucosal healing and regions with dominant wired pathways. They also discovered a correlation between decreased p53 activation and increased presence of proliferating epithelial stem cells. Additionally, they mapped transcriptomics modules associated with human diseases, indicating the translational potential of their dataset.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hassan Melhem, Berna Kaya, Tanay Kaymak, Philipp Wuggenig, Emilio Flint, Julien Roux, Koen C. Oost, Claudia Cavelti-Weder, Maria L. Balmer, Jean-Claude Walser, Rodrigo A. Morales, Christian U. Riedel, Prisca Liberali, Eduardo J. Villablanca, Jan Hendrik Niess
Summary: This study reveals the critical role of Gpr35 in goblet cell function and its regulation of goblet cell numbers and microbiota balance through maintaining normal pyroptosis levels. It is essential for maintaining intestinal health and the symbiotic relationship between host and microbiota.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Luis Eduardo Alves Damasceno, Guilherme Cesar Martelossi Cebinelli, Mariane Font Fernandes, Daniele Carvalho Nascimento, Gabriel Azevedo Publio, Marco Aurelio Ramirez Vinolo, Sergio Costa Oliveira, Tim Sparwasser, Thiago Mattar Cunha, Fernando Queiroz Cunha, Jose Carlos Alves-Filho
Summary: This study reveals an intrinsic role of STING in limiting the pathogenic program of T(H)17 cells, suggesting it as a potential target to control T(H)17 cell-mediated inflammation by inducing IL-10 production and reducing IL-17A expression.
Article
Cell Biology
Francesca Rampoldi, Elisa Donato, Leon Ullrich, Malte Deseke, Anika Janssen, Abdi Demera, Inga Sandrock, Anja Bubke, Anna-Lena Juergens, Maxine Swallow, Tim Sparwasser, Christine Falk, Likai Tan, Andreas Trumpp, Immo Prinz
Summary: Immature autoreactive B cells in healthy individuals can transition into mature B cells through direct interaction with y8 T cells. IL-4 production and cell-to-cell contact with CD30L support B cell maturation and induce gene expression. Depletion of y8 T cells leads to B cells getting stuck in the transitional phase and decreased levels of anti-nuclear autoantibodies.
Article
Immunology
Manfred B. Lutz, Shafaqat Ali, Cindy Audiger, Stella E. Autenrieth, Luciana Berod, Venetia Bigley, Laura Cyran, Marc Dalod, Jan Doerrie, Diana Dudziak, Georgina Florez-Grau, Lucila Giusiano, Gloria J. Godoy, Marion Heuer, Anne B. Krug, Christian H. K. Lehmann, Christian T. Mayer, Shalin H. Naik, Stefanie Scheu, Gerty Schreibelt, Elodie Segura, Kristin Sere, Tim Sparwasser, Jurjen Tel, Huaming Xu, Martin Zenke
Summary: This article is part of a series of guidelines on dendritic cells, providing advanced protocols for the preparation and characterization of murine and human dendritic cells. The protocols cover the preparation and generation of dendritic cells from different cellular sources, including the generation of different subsets such as cDC1, cDC2, and pDC using Flt3L in mice, and the generation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells using GM-CSF. For human dendritic cells, the protocols focus on the culture of CD34(+) cells on OP9 cell layers to generate different subsets, as well as the generation of dendritic cells from peripheral blood monocytes. The article has been peer-reviewed and approved by the co-authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical dendritic cell immunologists.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lars E. Borm, Alejandro Mossi Albiach, Camiel C. A. Mannens, Jokubas Janusauskas, Ceren Ozgun, David Fernandez-Garcia, Rebecca Hodge, Francisca Castillo, Charlotte R. H. Hedin, Eduardo J. Villablanca, Per Uhlen, Ed S. Lein, Simone Codeluppi, Sten Linnarsson
Summary: EEL FISH is a method that allows for rapid processing of large tissue samples while maintaining high resolution. By electrophoretically transferring RNA, EEL speeds up data acquisition and preserves single-cell resolution, enabling the study of spatial transcriptomes in the mouse brain and the human visual cortex.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Andrea Farini, Luana Tripodi, Chiara Villa, Francesco Strati, Amanda Facoetti, Guido Baselli, Jacopo Troisi, Annamaria Landolfi, Caterina Lonati, Davide Molinaro, Michelle Wintzinger, Stefano Gatti, Barbara Cassani, Flavio Caprioli, Federica Facciotti, Mattia Quattrocelli, Yvan Torrente
Summary: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle wasting disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene. In this study, researchers investigated the role of intestinal bacteria in supporting the muscle immune response in a dystrophic mouse model. They found a correlation between DMD disease features and the abundance of Prevotella bacteria. Manipulating the gut microbial community through germ-free animal models and antibiotic treatment influenced muscle immunity and fibrosis. Intestinal colonization with beneficial bacteria improved inflammation, muscle pathology, and function. This study highlights a potential role for the gut microbiota in DMD pathogenesis.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Bjoern E. Clausen, Lukas Amon, Ronald A. Backer, Luciana Berod, Tobias Bopp, Anna Brand, Sven Burgdorf, Luxia Chen, Meihong Da, Ute Distler, Regine J. Dress, Diana Dudziak, Charles-Antoine Dutertre, Christina Eich, Anna Gabele, Melanie Geiger, Florent Ginhoux, Lucila Giusiano, Gloria J. Godoy, Ahmed E. Hamouda, Lukas Hatscher, Lukas Heger, Gordon F. Heidkamp, Lola C. Hernandez, Lukas Jacobi, Tomasz Kaszubowski, Wan Ting Kong, Christian H. K. Lehmann, Tamara Lopez-Lopez, Karsten Mahnke, Dominik Nitsche, Jorg Renkawitz, Rifat A. Reza, Pablo J. Saez, Laura Schlautmann, Madeleine T. Schmitt, Anna Seichter, Malte Sielaff, Tim Sparwasser, Patrizia Stoitzner, Giorgi Tchitashvili, Stefan Tenzer, Nounagnon R. Tochoedo, Damir Vurnek, Fabian Zink, Thomas Hieronymus
Summary: This article provides a collection of protocols for the functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC), including endocytosis and metabolism analysis, transcriptomic and proteomic characterization, migration characterization, and measurement of inflammasome and antigen (cross)-presentation activity. These protocols, written by experienced scientists and peer-reviewed by leading experts, are essential resources for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Lucia Minarrieta, Gloria J. Godoy, Lis N. Velazquez, Peyman Ghorbani, Tim Sparwasser, Luciana Berod
Summary: The CD11c(+)MHCII(+) compartment in GM-CSF cultures contains two populations with different metabolic profiles: MHCII(low)CD11b(high) cells (GM-Macs) and MHCII(high)CD11b(int) cells (GM-DCs). GM-Macs upregulate iNOS and produce nitric oxide (NO) to inhibit mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS), while promoting glycolytic metabolism in GM-DCs, which do not express iNOS naturally.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luana Tripodi, Davide Molinaro, Francesco Fortunato, Carolina Mella, Barbara Cassani, Yvan Torrente, Andrea Farini
Summary: This study demonstrates that ONX-0914, a selective inhibitor of the PSMB8 subunit of immunoproteasome, improves pathological traits associated with muscle wasting in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It reduces inflammation, increases regulatory T cells, and buffers oxidative stress, ultimately leading to a decrease in fibrosis. This suggests that ONX-0914 could be a promising therapeutic approach for slowing down muscle mass loss in dystrophic patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
A. Farini, L. Tripodi, C. Villa, F. Napolitano, F. Strati, D. Molinaro, F. Facciotti, B. Cassani, Y. Torrente
Summary: Muscle repair in dysferlinopathies is defective. The contribution of the immune system to the disease pathology remains to be fully explored. Inhibition of immunoproteasome may produce therapeutic benefit in dysferlinopathy.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chiara Sorini, Kumar P. Tripathi, Shengru Wu, Shawn M. Higdon, Jing Wang, Liqin Cheng, Sanghita Banerjee, Annika Reinhardt, Taras Kreslavsky, Anders Thorell, Lars Engstrand, Juan Du, Eduardo J. Villablanca
Summary: Helicobacter pylori colonization in asymptomatic individuals leads to significant changes in the composition of the gastric microbiome and immune cells. Metabolic and immune response pathways are altered. B cells are activated and progress into a highly proliferating stage, correlating with the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures. Our study provides a comprehensive atlas of the gastric mucosa-associated microbiome and immune cell landscape in asymptomatic H. pylori-infected individuals.
Article
Immunology
Koen Venken, Tine Decruy, Tim Sparwasser, Dirk Elewaut
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play a crucial role in controlling autoimmune diseases. The study reveals that Treg depletion enhances iNKT cell responses and leads to severe liver and gut pathology in preclinical models of autoimmunity.
