Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul, Priska Stahel, Alyssa Zembroski, Lili Tian, Changting Xiao, Avital Nahmias, Ian Bookman, Kimberly K. Buhman, Gary F. Lewis
Summary: GLP-2 increases CM secretion without mobilizing CLDs in the intestine. Proteomic analysis identified potential proteins involved in GLP-2-mediated CM secretion. This suggests that GLP-2 enhances CM secretion through a different mechanism than glucose.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Nadya M. Morrow, Antonio A. Hanson, Erin E. Mulvihill
Summary: Enteroendocrine cells play a crucial role in regulating nutrient intake and disposal through the production and secretion of peptides. Understanding the identity of cells expressing Glp1r, Glp2r, and Gipr in different models can provide insights into dysregulation seen in obesity and diabetes. Further research on G-protein coupled receptor circuits in the intestine and their alterations with high-fat diet feeding is also important in understanding metabolic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Majid M. Syed-Abdul, Priska Stahel, Lili Tian, Changting Xiao, Avital Nahmias, Gary F. Lewis
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the site of action of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in mobilizing intestinal lipids. The results showed that GLP-2 acts via its receptor at a site distal to the Golgi, likely mobilizing extracellular intestinal lipids.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Esther Lee, Jacky Cheung, Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
Summary: Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcription factors that regulate various biological processes and participate in disease development and progression. KLF4 and KLF5, two significant members of this family, play crucial roles in embryogenesis, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. They maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation and response to injury, and have important functions in a variety of cancers. Recent studies have provided new insights into their opposing roles and mechanisms in gene expression, cellular function, and tumorigenesis. This review will focus on the roles of KLF4 and KLF5 in colorectal cancer, which can contribute to the development of targeted cancer therapy.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephen O'Rahilly
Summary: The 2021 Gairdner Prize was awarded to Daniel Drucker, Joel Habener, and Jens Juul Holst for their discovery of novel peptides encoded in the proglucagon sequence and the establishment of their physiological roles. These discoveries have led to the development of therapeutics that are currently benefiting patients with type 2 diabetes and other disorders worldwide.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tohru Hira, Aphichat Trakooncharoenvit, Hayate Taguchi, Hiroshi Hara
Summary: GLP-1 is a gastrointestinal hormone released in response to meal ingestion, with glucose and fatty acids as primary stimulants. Dietary peptides and non-nutrients can stimulate GLP-1 secretion and improve glucose tolerance. Utilizing food factors with GLP-1-releasing/enhancing activity is a promising strategy for preventing and treating obesity and diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Szymon Chowanski, Karolina Walkowiak-Nowicka, Magdalena Winkiel, Pawel Marciniak, Arkadiusz Urbanski, Joanna Pacholska-Bogalska
Summary: Insulin-like peptides (ILP) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways are crucial in regulating metabolism, growth and development in insects. ILPs interact with various factors in a complex network to control metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Derek LeRoith, Jeff M. P. Holly, Briony E. Forbes
Summary: The IGF family of ligands, receptors, and binding proteins play critical roles in normal human physiology and disease states. IGF-I regulates cellular growth, differentiation, and survival to control overall body growth, while IGF-II has important effects prenatally and in tissue-specific roles in adults.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Qi Yang, Siwen Lyu, Menglei Xu, Shengrao Li, Zhiyang Du, Xuanting Liu, Xiaomin Shang, Zhipeng Yu, Jingbo Liu, Ting Zhang
Summary: The study aims to review the effects of egg white protein (EWP) and its bioactive peptides on intestinal structural repair. The potential modulation mechanisms by which EWP and their peptides regulate the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier include restoring the structure of the intestinal barrier, enhancing the intestinal immune system, alleviating inflammation and oxidative damage, and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and metabolites. Further research is needed to understand the coregulation of multiple signaling pathways and evaluate the combined effects of these mechanisms in experimental models. Human trials can provide new directions for development.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mei Lan Chen, Xiangsheng Huang, Hongtao Wang, Courtney Hegner, Yujin Liu, Jinsai Shang, Amber Eliason, Huitian Diao, HaJeung Park, Blake Frey, Guohui Wang, Sarah A. Mosure, Laura A. Solt, Douglas J. Kojetin, Alex Rodriguez-Palacios, Deborah A. Schady, Casey T. Weaver, Matthew E. Pipkin, David D. Moore, Mark S. Sundrud
Summary: The study identified the nuclear xenobiotic receptor CAR as a regulator of MDR1 expression in T cells, protecting the small intestine from bile acid toxicity and inflammation. Activation of CAR in T-eff cells infiltrating the small intestine induced large-scale transcriptional reprogramming and promoted the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
Review
Plant Sciences
Heping Xie, Wen Zhao, Weilin Li, Yuzhou Zhang, Jakub Hajny, Huibin Han
Summary: This review highlights the recent advances in the regulatory role of small peptides in plant adaptions to abiotic environmental stress and nutrient signaling, and their establishment of cell-to-cell regulatory networks through interactions with receptors and/or co-receptors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robert Wagner, Sabine S. Eckstein, Louise Fritsche, Katsiaryna Prystupa, Sebastian Hoerber, Hans-Ulrich Haering, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Andreas Peter, Andreas Fritsche, Martin Heni
Summary: This study found that about 36% of individuals do not experience suppression of glucagon levels after oral glucose ingestion, with these individuals having lower fasting glucagon levels. Differences in glucagon 1-61, insulin, and GLP-1 levels were significant between non-suppressors and suppressors, with non-suppressors generally showing a healthier metabolic phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuanlin Dong, Simone Hernandez Ruano, Akansha Mishra, Kathleen A. Pennington, Chandrasekhar Yallampalli
Summary: The study reveals the expression of ADM and its receptors in mouse pancreatic islets, with reduced levels in pregnant mice compared to non-pregnant mice. NIT-1-beta cells express ADM and its receptors and show glucose-dependent stimulation. ADM inhibits insulin secretion and cell growth, with effects reversed by an ADM antagonist. These findings suggest that reduced ADM and its receptors may impact beta-cell adaptation during pregnancy, while increased plasma ADM in GDM can contribute to beta-cell dysfunction.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jaroslav Pejchal, Ales Tichy, Adela Kmochova, Lenka Fikejzlova, Klara Kubelkova, Marcela Milanova, Anna Lierova, Alzbeta Filipova, Lubica Muckova, Jana Cizkova
Summary: IGF-1 shows promise in mitigating high-dose radiation damage, but its efficacy is affected by the selected dosage regimen.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Hao Yue, Yingying Tian, Xiaoxuan Feng, Yuying Bo, Changhu Xue, Ping Dong, Jingfeng Wang
Summary: This study isolated and identified 28 novel osteogenic peptides from sea cucumber intestine using the activity-tracking method for the first time. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that these peptides promote proliferation and mineralization of cells, increase bone length, and enhance the transdifferentiation of chondrocytes to osteoblasts. Transcriptome analysis revealed the mechanisms involved in these effects.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)