Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Rhian Stavely, Sukhada Bhave, Wing Lam N. Ho, Minhal Ahmed, Weikang Pan, Ahmed A. Rahman, Jessica Ulloa, Nicole Bousquet, Meredith Omer, Richard Guyer, Nandor Nagy, Allan M. Goldstein, Ryo Hotta
Summary: The interaction between ENSCs and EMCs plays a crucial role in the normal development of the enteric nervous system, with potential implications for treating Hirschsprung disease. EMCs enhance the expansion and neurosphere-forming ability of ENCDCs through paracrine factors, leading to functional neurons and successful transplantation in the HSCR model.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Masato Maruyama, Minami Yoshikata, Mana Sakaguchi, Shizuka Wakushima, Kazutaka Higaki
Summary: The role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in drug absorption is not well understood. In this study, a co-culture system of Caco-2 cells and enteric neurons was established to investigate the effect of ENS on drug transport across intestinal epithelial cells. The co-culture was found to enhance the transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran-4 via the paracellular route, suggesting that enteric neurons can facilitate drug transport by opening tight junctions. However, no changes in the permeability of antipyrine were observed, indicating that enteric neurons do not affect passive transport via the transcellular pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tinh Thi Nguyen, Peter Baumann, Oliver Tuescher, Sandra Schick, Kristina Endres
Summary: The gut and the brain communicate through various channels and interactions, collectively known as the gut-brain axis. The aging of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the gut can lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction and contribute to age-related diseases of the brain. Understanding the mechanisms of the aging ENS can provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Brian Shaw, Jeffrey R. Ord, Chloe Nobuhara, Xunrong Luo
Summary: Donor specific transfusions have been the foundation for tolerance induction protocols, while cellular therapies are becoming more common in solid organ transplantation but are not yet standard practice. Different approaches to cellular therapies include using them for donor antigen delivery to promote tolerance, or focusing on their intrinsic immunosuppressive properties.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Leticia Villalba-Benito, Daniel Lopez-Lopez, Ana Torroglosa, Carlos S. Casimiro-Soriguer, Berta Luzon-Toro, Raquel Maria Fernandez, Maria Jose Moya-Jimenez, Guillermo Antinolo, Joaquin Dopazo, Salud Borrego
Summary: This study reveals a decrease in global DNA methylation in HSCR patients in CpG context, along with a greater hypomethylation of DMRs. The downregulation of Methyltransferase 3b in EPCs from HSCR patients correlates with these findings. New potential susceptibility genes for HSCR have been identified through the comparative analysis of DMRs, highlighting the importance of an adequate methylation pattern for proper ENS development.
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hailing Yao, Huiying Shi, Chen Jiang, Mengke Fan, Yurui Zhang, Wei Qian, Rong Lin
Summary: The study revealed that L-Fucose could promote neurogenesis and gliogenesis derived from ENPCs by inhibiting the SMAD2 signaling, facilitating ENS regeneration and gastrointestinal motility recovery in type 1 diabetic mice.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yu-Ting Zhang, Kai-Jie He, Jin-Bao Zhang, Quan-Hong Ma, Fen Wang, Chun-Feng Liu
Summary: This review discusses the possible brain-entry routes of stem cells administered intranasally to bypass the blood-brain barrier, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this treatment method in central nervous system diseases, providing a reference for the application of intranasal stem cell therapy.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Jared Mattingly, Yuchen Li, Ji C. Bihl, Jinju Wang
Summary: Exosomes, secreted by various types of cells, play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by delivering proteins and nucleic acids. They are increasingly recognized for their involvement in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases and as a promising therapeutic strategy. Research has shown that exosome infusion has beneficial effects on CNS injury animal models, highlighting their potential in neurological medicine.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Weikang Pan, Allan M. Goldstein, Ryo Hotta
Summary: Despite significant progress in understanding the causes and mechanisms of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), it is still challenging to diagnose and manage the condition accurately in its early stages. Long-term complications following surgery for HSCR, such as fecal incontinence, constipation, and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), remain problematic. However, recent research advancements, including advanced imaging techniques and the use of neuronal stem cells, offer new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of HSCR.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Keith A. Sharkey, Gary M. Mawe
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract is the most complex organ system in the body, controlling digestion and defense functions through the enteric nervous system. This system interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. Recent developments have improved our understanding of the molecular architecture, function, and regulation of the enteric nervous system, highlighting its importance in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Chang Liu, Jing Yang
Summary: Enteric glial cells (EGCs) play important roles in the gastrointestinal tract by supporting the survival and functions of enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons, and potentially participating in the immune homeostasis of the gut. This review article summarizes the potential involvement of EGCs in immunological disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and autoimmune enteropathy, and highlights key questions for future research on the immunological aspects of EGCs.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yue Ji, Paul Kwong-Hang Tam, Clara Sze-Man Tang
Summary: The development of the enteric nervous system relies on the interaction between enteric neural crest cells and the neural stem cell niche. Defects in ENCCs may lead to ENS dysfunction. HSCR patients may have niche defects affecting ECM-cell interaction, suggesting the need for complementary therapies involving drugs and niche-based treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Atchariya Chanpong, Osvaldo Borrelli, Nikhil Thapar
Summary: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a critical nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract that controls key functions and is affected by the microbiota and other nervous systems. Its development during early life plays a significant role in human health and disease. Dysbiosis and pathogenic microorganisms may impact the integrity and function of the ENS. This article explores the relationship between the development and integrity of the ENS and the potential impact of dysbiosis and pathogenic microorganisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huiying Shi, Chen Jiang, Hailing Yao, Yurui Zhang, Qin Zhang, Xiaohua Hou, Rong Lin
Summary: Fucosylation modification of CD44 on BMSCs enhances their homing ability to the gastrointestinal tract and promotes gastrointestinal motility and ENS remodeling in diabetic mice.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Rhian Stavely, Ryo Hotta, Richard A. Guyer, Nicole Picard, Ahmed A. Rahman, Meredith Omer, Adam Soos, Emoke Szocs, Jessica Mueller, Allan M. Goldstein, Nandor Nagy
Summary: The development of the enteric nervous system is dependent on the colonization of the intestine by enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDCs). ENCDCs at the wavefront, which are highly migratory and proliferative, exhibit distinct molecular characteristics compared to trailing ENCDCs. These wavefront ENCDCs show altered expression of genes associated with migration and lack expression of genes related to neuronal or glial maturation.