Review
Immunology
James Alexander Pearson, F. Susan Wong, Li Wen
Summary: Microbiota play a crucial role in modulating susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes, with the association of microbiota composition with genetic risk and immune responses. The role of inflammasomes in Type 1 diabetes and the development of inhibitors for therapeutically targeting inflammasomes are areas that require further study.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Sgrazzutti, Francesco Sansone, Marina Attanasi, Sabrina Di Pillo, Francesco Chiarelli
Summary: Asthma and T1DM are two common chronic diseases in children, with a potential link between the two in childhood. The cytokine profile of children with these diseases shows activation of both Th1 and Th2 pathways, suggesting a complex genetic-epigenetic interaction. Further investigation is needed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for patients with both asthma and T1DM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ida Pastore, Emma Assi, Moufida Ben Nasr, Andrea Mario Bolla, Anna Maestroni, Vera Usuelli, Cristian Loretelli, Andy Joe Seelam, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Francesca D'Addio, Paolo Fiorina
Summary: Although progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of T1D, the quest for effective therapeutic options is ongoing. Promising results have been seen with HSC-based approaches and teplizumab, but more research is needed to establish their long-term efficacy and safety. Genetically engineered HSCs hold potential as a novel biologic therapy for T1D and other autoimmune/immune-related disorders, with studies in murine models and humanized mouse models showing accelerated translational potentials.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marta Lo Conte, Ilaria Cosorich, Roberto Ferrarese, Martina Antonini Cencicchio, Angelica Nobili, Vittoria Palmieri, Luca Massimino, Luigi Antonio Lamparelli, Wenjie Liang, Michela Riba, Elisabetta Devecchi, Andrea Mario Bolla, Erika Pedone, Marina Scavini, Emanuele Bosi, Alessio Fasano, Federica Ungaro, Julien Diana, Nicasio Mancini, Marika Falcone
Summary: The study reveals that alterations in the mucus layer of the gut are associated with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).
Article
Immunology
Qin Zeng, Jianfeng Song, Dandan Wang, Xiaoxiao Sun, Yalun Xiao, Haowei Zhang, Yang Xiao, Zhiguang Zhou, Tuo Deng
Summary: In this study, we identified sorafenib as a potential inhibitor of Th1 cell differentiation through screening an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug library. Treatment with sorafenib inhibited Th1 cell population and impeded the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Mechanistically, sorafenib indirectly inhibited JAK2 activity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John Doupis, Konstantinos Kolokathis, Eftychia Markopoulou, Vasiliki Efthymiou, George Festas, Vasiliki Papandreopoulou, Chrysoula Kallinikou, Despina Antikidou, Golfo Gemistou, Theodoros Angelopoulos
Summary: The study indicates that a single dose of BCG vaccine administered at the age of 9 years may delay the onset of T1D by approximately 2.5 years. Further research on multiple doses of BCG vaccination in children is needed to explore potential extension of the disease-free period.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qiongyao He, Hui Dong, Yujin Guo, Minmin Gong, Qingsong Xia, Fuer Lu, Dingkun Wang
Summary: This paper reviews the relationship between type 2 diabetes, intestinal microbiota, and the active ingredient berberine in the microbiota. Changes in the intestinal microbiota can affect the development of diabetes, while berberine can protect the microbiota and have therapeutic effects on diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiangqian Li, Lina Wang, Gang Meng, Xiaoling Chen, Shushu Yang, Mengjun Zhang, Zhengni Zheng, Jie Zhou, Zhu Lan, Yuzhang Wu, Li Wang
Summary: This study provides evidence for the negative impact of high glucose intake as a dietary factor on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Therefore, avoiding high sugar intake may be an effective disease prevention strategy for children or adults susceptible to type 1 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexia G. Abela, Stephen Fava
Summary: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is increasing globally, suggesting the importance of unknown environmental factors in its development. This study found that hand-washing prior to eating and frequency of house cleaning were independently associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes, while getting dirty was associated with a reduced risk.
Article
Immunology
Pieter-Jan Martens, Javier Centelles-Lodeiro, Darcy Ellis, Dana Paulina Cook, Gabriele Sassi, Lieve Verlinden, Annemieke Verstuyf, Jeroen Raes, Chantal Mathieu, Conny Gysemans
Summary: The study found that consuming 800 IU/day of vitamin D can reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetes in female NOD mice, increase the number of Treg cells in lymphoid organs, and alter the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiao-jing Guo, Shi-xuan Dai, Jin-di Lou, Xu-xiang Ma, Xiao-juan Hu, Li-ping Tu, Ji Cui, Hao Lu, Tao Jiang, Jia-tuo Xu
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is associated with changes in oral and intestinal microbiota, with differences and connections in the composition of bacteria at the two sites. Dysbacteriosis exists simultaneously in both oral and intestinal microbiota, and there is potential ectopic colonization of oral flora in the intestine in relation to T2DM.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jide Tian, Blake Middleton, Victoria Seunghee Lee, Hye Won Park, Zhixuan Zhang, Bokyoung Kim, Catherine Lowe, Nancy Nguyen, Haoyuan Liu, Ryan S. Beyer, Hannah W. Chao, Ryan Chen, Davis Mai, Karen Anne O'Laco, Min Song, Daniel L. Kaufman
Summary: The expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in immune cells may have therapeutic potential in diseases like T1D, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and COVID-19. Specific modulation of GABA(B)-Rs with agonists like lesogaberan shows promise in restoring normoglycemia and improving T1D remission rates in mouse models. The analysis of gene expression databases suggests a common feature of GABA receptors and production/secretion-related genes in immune cells.
Article
Immunology
Lina He, Rongping Chen, Bangzhou Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Barkat Ali Khan, Dan Zhu, Zezhen Wu, Chuanxing Xiao, Baolong Chen, Fengwu Chen, Kaijian Hou
Summary: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with a lack of effective treatment. Studies have shown that gut microbiota is involved in the development of many diseases, including T1DM. In this study, normal fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) were conducted on two patients with autoimmune T1DM, and the results suggest that FMT is an effective treatment for this disease.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fabio Russo, Antonio Citro, Giorgia Squeri, Francesca Sanvito, Paolo Monti, Silvia Gregori, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Andrea Annoni
Summary: The study demonstrated that a combination therapy using a lentiviral vector and a suboptimal dose of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody could effectively control autoimmune diabetes and prevent recurrence of autoimmunity post-islet transplantation in NOD mice. Optimized therapeutic conditioning before alloislet transplantation resulted in normoglycemia and reduced insulitis in diabetic NOD mice, showing a potential for resolving autoimmune diabetes in the presence of residual endogenous beta-cell mass.
Review
Immunology
Zachary J. Morse, Marc S. Horwitz
Summary: Environmental factors and genetic predisposition contribute to the development of T1D, with the gut playing a key role in immune modulation and microbiome changes potentially serving as a biomarker for autoimmune responses and diabetes development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)