Article
Oncology
Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Veronica Iascone, Lorenzo Fuccio, Alba Panarese, Leonardo Frazzoni
Summary: Barrett's esophagus is a significant complication of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Diagnosing and treating Barrett's esophagus is clinically challenging and requires a high level of knowledge and competence in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. It is important for endoscopists to know when and how to perform biopsies when Barrett's esophagus is suspected, as well as correctly identifying and treating dysplastic Barrett's esophagus to prevent cancer progression and conducting endoscopic surveillance for treated patients.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Swathi Eluri, Anna Paterson, Brianna N. Lauren, Maria O'Donovan, Pradeep Bhandari, Massimiliano di Pietro, Minyi Lee, Rehan Haidry, Laurence Lovat, Krish Ragunath, Chin Hur, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Nicholas J. Shaheen
Summary: This study assessed the application value of Cytosponge in BE patients after RFA. The results showed that Cytosponge testing is a cost-effective surveillance method and is strongly associated with residual BE after ablation.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Steffen Rickelt, Azfar Neyaz, Charlene Condon, Charles A. Whittaker, Ali H. Zaidi, Martin S. Taylor, Genevieve Abbruzzese, Anthony R. Mattia, Lawrence Zukerberg, Stuti G. Shroff, Omer H. Yilmaz, Osman Yilmaz, Elizabeth Y. Wu, Won-Tak Choi, Blair A. Jobe, Robert D. Odze, Deepa T. Patil, Vikram Deshpande, Richard O. Hynes
Summary: The study reveals changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) during the progression of Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia. Loss of BM AGRN is identified as a novel diagnostic biomarker that can identify NDBE patients at increased risk of developing advanced neoplasia.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Anant Madabhushi, Paula Toro, Joseph E. Willis
Summary: The study by Waterhouse and colleagues described the development of an artificial intelligence approach combined with spectral imaging for improving endoscopic detection of Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia. A spectral endoscope was developed to define multispectral data correlated with histopathology, and a convolutional neural network was trained to distinguish Barrett's esophagus from Barrett's esophagus neoplasia. The results suggest the potential utility of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus.
Article
Oncology
Katharina Filipski, Michael Scherer, Kim N. Zeiner, Andreas Bucher, Johannes Kleemann, Philipp Jurmeister, Tabea Hartung, Markus Meissner, Karl H. Plate, Tim R. Fenton, Jorn Walter, Sascha Tierling, Bastian Schilling, Pia S. Zeiner, Patrick N. Harter
Summary: A novel machine learning classifier based on DNA methylation data was developed to predict therapy responses in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition. The classifier utilizes large-scale DNA methylation data analysis to help estimate treatment responses in patients.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pelin Ergun, Sezgi Kipcak, Serhat Bor
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a condition resulting from chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, which may progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The histological dysplasia grade is commonly used as a biomarker, but its effectiveness is limited due to cost and lack of progression in many BE patients. Clinicians require multiple or more quantitative biomarkers for early diagnosis of EAC, which has high mortality. Epigenetic factors in the early stages of neoplastic transformation show promise as predictive biomarkers. This review summarizes current research on DNA methylations, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) during the progression from BE dysplasia to EAC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Xiaojuan Zhao, Ruben Y. Gabriels, Wouter T. R. Hooghiemstra, Marjory Koller, Gert Jan Meersma, Manon Buist-Homan, Lydia Visser, Dominic J. Robinson, Anna Tenditnaya, Dimitris Gorpas, Vasilis Ntziachristos, Arend Karrenbeld, Gursah Kats-Ugurlu, Rudolf S. N. Fehrmann, Wouter B. Nagengast
Summary: This study aimed to identify target proteins suitable for fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) in differentiating dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (DBE) from non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE). SPARC, SULF1, PKC iota, and DDR1 were identified as promising imaging targets, and near-infrared fluorescent tracers SULF1-800CW and SPARC-800CW were successfully developed for endoscopic imaging of DBE tissue.
Review
Pathology
Won-Tak Choi, Gregory Y. Lauwers, Elizabeth A. Montgomery
Summary: This review provides an overview of currently available biomarkers and assays that could assist pathologists and clinicians in better managing BE patients, improving diagnostic accuracy and risk assessment, and potentially identifying early neoplastic transformations.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
James A. Evans, Emanuela Carlotti, Meng-Lay Lin, Richard J. Hackett, Magnus J. Haughey, Adam M. Passman, Lorna Dunn, George Elia, Ross J. Porter, Mairi H. McLean, Frances Hughes, Joanne ChinAleong, Philip Woodland, Sean L. Preston, S. Michael Griffin, Laurence Lovat, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Weini Huang, Nicholas A. Wright, Marnix Jansen, Stuart A. C. McDonald
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of gland phenotypes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and found that diverse gland phenotypes represent an evolutionary process, with changes in gland diversity potentially playing a role in disease progression.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Prashanthi N. Thota, Jalil Nasibli, Prabhat Kumar, Madhusudhan R. Sanaka, Amitabh Chak, Xuefeng Zhang, Xiuli Liu, Shikhar Uttam, Yang Liu
Summary: Nanoscale nuclear architecture mapping (nanoNAM) is a method for detecting structural alterations in the chromatin of epithelial cell nuclei. This study demonstrates that nanoNAM can be used to identify patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) at risk for developing high-grade dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and a prediction model based on nanoNAM features was developed.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed Sam Beydoun, Kaleigh A. Stabenau, Kenneth W. Altman, Nikki Johnston
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing rapidly and has a poor prognosis, often preceded by Barrett's esophagus (BE). This review provides an overview of BE, EAC, and the progression from BE to EAC. The definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, and risk factors for both conditions are discussed, with special attention given to areas of debate. The progression from BE to EAC is likely driven by inflammatory pathways, pepsin exposure, upregulation of growth factor pathways, and mitochondrial changes. Surveillance is conducted through serial endoscopic evaluation, with shorter intervals recommended for high-risk features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jennifer M. Kolb, Mindy Chen, Anna Tavakkoli, Jazmyne Gallegos, Jack O'Hara, Wyatt Tarter, Camille J. Hochheimer, Bryan Golubski, Noa Kopplin, Lilly Hennessey, Anita Kalluri, Shalika Devireddy, Frank I. Scott, Gary W. Falk, Amit G. Singal, Ravy K. Vajravelu, Sachin Wani
Summary: Most EAC patients do not have a previous BE diagnosis, indicating a failure of current screening practices. Understanding patient attitudes and barriers is crucial for improving BE screening adherence.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Vani Konda, Rhonda F. Souza, Kerry B. Dunbar, Jason C. Mills, Daniel S. Kim, Robert D. Odze, Stuart J. Spechler
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the early endoscopic and histologic features of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) wound healing in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). The results showed that squamous re-epithelialization of RFA wounds not only progressed through squamous cells extending from the proximal wound edge, but also through islands of squamous epithelium sprouting throughout the ablated segment. Additionally, subepithelial glandular structures associated with the squamous islands were found to increase post-RFA. Furthermore, subsquamous intestinal metaplasia (SSIM) was detected in biopsies of patients during the healing process. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of esophageal metaplasia and the healing of RFA wounds.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joel H. Rubenstein, Li Jiang, Jacob E. Kurlander, Joan Chen, Valbona Metko, Maryam Khodadost, Kimberly Nofz, Trivellore Raghunathan
Summary: The study found an association between incomplete response of GERD symptoms to PPI and psychological distress, but it is not a good predictor for endoscopic pathology. Patients with high psychological distress are less likely to have esophageal pathology such as erosive esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nicholas J. Shaheen, Gary W. Falk, Prasad G. Iyer, Rhonda F. Souza, Rena H. Yadlapati, Bryan G. Sauer, Sachin Wani
Summary: Barrett's esophagus is a common condition associated with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The revised guidelines propose recommendations for the definition, diagnosis, screening, surveillance, and treatment of Barrett's esophagus, including important changes such as expanding acceptable screening methods and volume criteria for treatment centers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)