Review
Cell Biology
Eliza Kramarska, Flavia Squeglia, Flavio De Maio, Giovanni Delogu, Rita Berisio
Summary: PE_PGRS proteins are surface antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can interact with host receptors. Understanding the structure of PE_PGRS33, particularly its PGRS domain, may lead to new vaccination strategies against TB. By targeting specific features of the PGRS domain, such as exposed PGII sandwiches, a humoral response could be induced for potential vaccine development.
Article
Immunology
Mi-Seon Bang, Choon-Mee Kim, Nam-Hyuk Cho, Jun-Won Seo, Da Young Kim, Na Ra Yun, Dong-Min Kim
Summary: This study investigated the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients until 1 year after symptom onset. The results showed that the positivity rates for neutralizing antibodies were 58.1% at 1 week, 97.8% at 4 weeks, and 78% at 1 year after symptom onset. Critical/fatal cases had significantly higher antibody titers than asymptomatic or mild-to-moderate illness groups. The presence of neutralizing antibodies was shorter in the asymptomatic group, but they were still detectable in critical/fatal cases 1 year after symptom onset.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yasemin Cosgun, Nergis Emanet, Ayten Oz Kamiloglu, Evelin Grage-Griebenow, Susann Hohensee, Sandra Saschenbrecker, Katja Steinhagen, Gulay Korukluoglu
Summary: This study analyzes the short-term humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein in 50 Turkish adults after CoronaVac immunization. The results showed that two doses of CoronaVac vaccine significantly increased antibodies against the spike protein and nucleocapsid. The responses to the spike protein were stronger than those to the nucleocapsid.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin, Yaniv Lustig, Carmit Cohen, Ronen Fluss, Victoria Indenbaum, Sharon Amit, Ram Doolman, Keren Asraf, Ella Mendelson, Arnona Ziv, Carmit Rubin, Laurence Freedman, Yitshak Kreiss, Gili Regev-Yochay
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Peter Lorenz, Felix Steinbeck, Franz Mai, Emil C. C. Reisinger, Brigitte Mueller-Hilke
Summary: Understanding the humoral immune response towards viral infection and vaccination is crucial for developing therapeutic tools. This study compared antibody reactivity using peptides derived from the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, and found individual variations in antibody patterns. Additionally, a specific region (amino acids 657-671) of the Spike protein elicited a strong antibody response and could be important for future vaccine design.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Chenfei He, Shan Wang, Chikai Zhou, Minghui He, Jin Wang, Marcus Ladds, Danai Lianoudaki, Saikiran K. Sedimbi, David P. Lane, Lisa S. Westerberg, Shuijie Li, Mikael C. Karlsson
Summary: CD36 plays a critical role in regulating macro-autophagy in B cells, and its deficiency impairs the humoral immune response, leading to reduced plasma cell formation, mitochondrial mobilization, and oxidative phosphorylation. CD36 also regulates autophagy and is involved in T-cell-dependent immune responses.
Article
Immunology
Lynn Su, Wanzhi Huang, Frederick H. Neill, Mary K. Estes, Robert L. Atmar, Timothy Palzkill
Summary: This study utilized genomic phage display and deep sequencing to simultaneously map the epitopes of serum antibodies from six individuals infected with GI.1 HuNoV. The results revealed both unique and common epitopes distributed among nonstructural proteins and the major capsid protein. Longitudinal analysis of three individuals showed persistent production of antibodies recognizing epitopes from previous and new HuNoV infections. Furthermore, analysis of individuals infected with GII.4 virus revealed the presence of GI.1/GII.4 cross-reactive antibodies.
Article
Virology
Nana Wei, Qiujing Wang, Zhibing Lin, Liyun Xu, Zheen Zhang, Yan Wang, Zhejuan Yang, Lue Li, Tingxiao Zhao, Lu Wang, Haifei Lou, Mingfang Han, Mingliang Ma, Yaosheng Jiang, Jinmiao Lu, Shilan Zhu, Li Cui, Shibo Li
Summary: This study evaluates the humoral immune response in COVID-19-recovered patients and identifies differences in immune responses between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. It also identifies epitopes associated with clinical adverse events and provides insights for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashley D. Otter, Scott Jones, Bethany Hicks, Daniel Bailey, Helen Callaby, Catherine Houlihan, Tommy Rampling, Nicola Claire Gordon, Hannah Selman, Panayampalli S. Satheshkumar, Michael Townsend, Ravi Mehta, Marcus Pond, Rachael Jones, Deborah Wright, Clarissa Oeser, Simon Tonge, Ezra Linley, Georgia Hemingway, Tom Coleman, Sebastian Millward, Aaron Lloyd, Inger Damon, Tim Brooks, Richard Vipond, Cathy Rowe, Bassam Hallis
Summary: In early 2022, a cluster of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections were identified in the UK, followed by a global outbreak primarily affecting GBMSM. Researchers developed ELISAs to study antibody responses induced by MPXV infection and Smallpox vaccination. They found serological markers that can differentiate between vaccinated and infected individuals.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Tzong-Shiann Ho, Pin-Xian Du, Wen-Yu Su, Harvey M. Santos, Ya-Lan Lin, Yi-Yu Chou, Batuhan Birol Keskin, Chi Ho Pau, Guan-Da Syu
Summary: This study developed a CoVariant array and assay for profiling humoral responses, which are useful for immune assessment, vaccine research, and drug development.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Arup Acharjee, Arka Ray, Akanksha Salkar, Surbhi Bihani, Chaitanya Tuckley, Jayanthi Shastri, Sachee Agrawal, Siddhartha Duttagupta, Sanjeeva Srivastava
Summary: Serological diagnostic aids are crucial for clinicians to rapidly and easily predict the severity of COVID-19. In this study, a high-density SARS-CoV-2 proteome peptide microarray was used to identify immunogenic regions in the virus. The researchers discovered several epitopes that could discriminate between disease severity, as well as immunogenic peptides with mutations belonging to SAR-CoV-2 variants. These findings suggest the potential use of severity-based epitopes as prognostic markers and the possibility of diagnosing variant strains using mutant epitopes.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ronglin Ma, Wei Xia, Rui Zhang, Guojia Fan, Libin Sun, Lei Qiu, Jinxin Cui, Songwen Ju, Pingping Wu, Jie Yang, Jian Xiong, Qiang Yu
Summary: Vaccines are effective strategies for dealing with infectious and noninfectious diseases, but studies have shown a decline in neutralizing antibody titers after vaccination. This study introduces a novel nanofiber as a vaccine carrier that can induce a long-term immune response by controlled release of antigens. Compared to other substances, this nanofiber can induce and maintain higher and longer antibody titers after vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Ten-Tsao Wong, Gunn-Guang Liou, Ming-Chung Kan
Summary: In this article, a novel protein nanoparticle was created and its ability to withstand extended high temperature incubation while stimulating a long-lasting immune response was assessed. The protein nanoparticle was assembled from a fusion protein composed of a derived amphipathic helical peptide and a superfolder green fluorescent protein. A gain-of-function mutant was created to enhance the stability of the nanoparticle and induce a long-lasting immune response. This thermally stable protein nanoparticle may be a promising platform for vaccine development.
Article
Oncology
Miguel Esperanca-Martins, Lisa Goncalves, Ines Soares-Pinho, Andreia Gomes, Marta Serrano, Birte Blankenhaus, Patricia Figueiredo-Campos, Ana Catarina-Marques, Ana Castro-Barbosa, Ana Cardoso, Pedro Antunes-Meireles, Henrique Atalaia-Barbacena, Pedro Gaspar, Patricia Howell-Monteiro, Antonio Pais-de-Lacerda, Catarina Mota, Marc Veldhoen
Summary: A portion of cancer patients show proper humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, while those recently treated with chemotherapy may exhibit weaker serological responses. Cancer patients have a weaker antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to non-cancer patients.
Article
Immunology
Danish Zahid, Nianzhu Zhang, Hui Fang, Jianguo Gu, Ming Li, Wenzhe Li
Summary: The study demonstrated the significant role of core fucosylation in regulating the humoral immune response during S. typhimurium infection, particularly in defense against Salmonella. Core fucosylation also impacts the interaction between B and T cells and lipid raft formation.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
