Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiaqian Fu, Li Bai, Mingshu Chi, Xiuling Xu, Kecheng Yu, Miao Wang
Summary: In this study, the synergistic effect of Fenton pretreatment and hydrothermal carbonization on lignin was investigated. The results showed that this synergistic effect can enhance the carbon fixation rate and heating value of lignin, and improve its chemical structure and material properties.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Homer C. Genuino, Ludovico Contucci, Jessi Osorio Velasco, Balaji Sridharan, Erwin Wilbers, Okan Akin, Josef G. M. Winkelman, Robertus H. Venderbosch, Hero J. Heeres
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis of LignoBoost lignin in a molten salt solution and found that the presence of salt had a positive influence on the liquid phase yields and composition, with higher levels of depolymerization and selectivity to aromatic and phenolic monomers.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Li Ching Wong, Cheu Peng Leh, Choon Fu Goh
Summary: Hydrogels are a versatile system with potential applications, and hydrogel development from non-woody biomass, especially using native cellulose, shows promise. The design of hydrogels is influenced by factors such as cellulose solubility, crosslinking method, and processing conditions, impacting the properties of the hydrogels.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xin Huang, Jie Ren, Jing-Yu Ran, Chang-Lei Qin, Zhong-Qing Yang, Jing-Pei Cao
Summary: This translation summarizes the latest research progress on the depolymerization of cellulose into specific chemicals through non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis, and analyzes and summarizes the optimal conditions for these value-added chemicals, providing feasible directions for future industrialization.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liguo Wang, Miao He, Xinwei Liu, Lianjing Zhai, Lianxi Niu, Zilu Xue, Hetong Wu
Summary: A efficient and direct conversion scheme of beta-O-4 and beta-1 lignin model compounds into benzoic acid and phenol compounds was developed based on a simple system composed of a base and oxygen.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jieran Ma, Duy Le, Ning Yan
Summary: This study presents a single-step catalytic strategy to directly produce phenolic amines from wood lignin, expanding the options for lignin-first strategy in biomass refinery.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hilda Zahra, Daisuke Sawada, Shogo Kumagai, Yu Ogawa, Leena-Sisko Johansson, Yanling Ge, Chamseddine Guizani, Toshiaki Yoshioka, Michael Hummel
Summary: The study confirms the catalytic role of chitosan in altering the cellulose pyrolysis pathway at moderate temperatures, enhancing dehydration reaction and reducing the formation of specific products, ultimately leading to a higher char yield.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiayi Zheng, Liheng Chen, Xueqing Qiu, Shirong Sun, Xuliang Lin
Summary: In this study, a novel concept for biomass fractionation was introduced, which addressed the issue of lignin's spatial confinement. By using a combination of selective carboxylation and etherification, the spatial confinement of lignin was mitigated, enabling its extraction and utilization for the development of a sustainable economy.
Article
Thermodynamics
Dengyu Chen, Kehui Cen, Xiaozhuang Zhuang, Ziyu Gan, Jianbin Zhou, Yimeng Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis behavior and product of the three major components of biomass. The results showed that their characteristics and thermal stability were related to their unique chemical structures. Different volatiles were generated during pyrolysis, and the thermal decomposition pathways of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were proposed.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cai-Wen Wu, Peng-Hui Li, Yu-Meng Wei, Chi Yang, Wen-Juan Wu
Summary: In this paper, the preparation and influencing factors of lignin carbon aerogels (LCAs) are reviewed, and their properties and structural characterization are analyzed. The aim is to provide references for the optimal preparation, effective characterization, and expansion of applications of LCAs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haichuan Zhang, Shiyu Fu
Summary: Catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis (CTH) has been used to convert Kraft lignin into lignin oil using heteropoly acids (HPAs) as green catalysts. The reaction conditions and catalyst types significantly affect the conversion rate. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that HPAs in isopropanol are more likely to be close to lignin. The obtained lignin oil mainly consists of guaiacols and syringols with 0 to 3 carbon side chains.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haihong Lai, Zehong Chen, Hao Zhuo, Yijie Hu, Xuan Zhao, Jiwang Yi, Hongzhi Zheng, Ge Shi, Yifan Tong, Ling Meng, Xinwen Peng, Linxin Zhong
Summary: By altering the pyrolysis route of cellulose nanofiber, the structural defects of carbon aerogels can be reduced, leading to improved compressibility and stress retention, as well as higher stress sensor sensitivity and temperature coefficient.
CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Avnish Kumar, Bijoy Biswas, Ramandeep Kaur, Reeta Rani, Bhavya B. Krishna, Thallada Bhaskar
Summary: Structural analysis of industrial and commercial lignins was conducted using ultimate, proximate, FT-IR, XRD, and H-1 and C-13-NMR techniques. 2D-NMR analysis provided more insights into lignin structure and revealed distinct differences. The pyrolysis of lignins with acidic and basic catalysts resulted in the formation of various compounds, with phenolics being the predominant product. Among the identified compounds, ethanone, 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl), 2-methoxy-5-methylphenol, mequinol, benzaldehyde, and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy showed high selectivity.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Stephen Niksa
Summary: The essential aspects of cellulose devolatilization involve depolymerization reactions, bond rupture probabilities, charring cascade, and Flash Distillation Analogy. Predictions from cel-FC accurately depict the impacts of temperature, heating rate, and pressure on the major products of primary cellulose devolatilization, explaining the variations in oil yields and molecular weight distributions under different conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kiyoyuki Yamazaki, Atsushi Segawa, Hitoshi Mazaki, Norihito Hiyoshi, Naoki Mimura, Osamu Sato, Aritomo Yamaguchi
Summary: The production of aromatic compounds from lignocellulosic biomass has been studied using charcoal-supported metal catalysts (Pt/C, Pd/C, Rh/C, and Ru/C) in water. The conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose into benzene, toluene, phenol, and cresol was enhanced by the catalysts, with Pt/C showing the highest total yield. The conversion could proceed at temperatures as low as 523 K.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Shouya Saragai, Shinji Kudo, Jonathan Sperry, U. P. M. Ashik, Shusaku Asano, Jun-ichiro Hayashi
Summary: This work demonstrates that using deep eutectic solvents as catalysts in cellulose pyrolysis can enhance the selectivity and yield of levoglucosenone. The recovered DESs can be reused multiple times, offering potential for high productivity of levoglucosenone.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jinxiu Cao, Yun Yu, Hongwei Wu
Summary: This study proposes a new method using tracers to determine the true yields of ejected aerosols and evaporated vapors in condensable volatiles produced from cellulose pyrolysis. The results show the key role of thermal ejection in the formation of condensable volatiles, significantly influencing the yield and composition of tar generated from cellulose pyrolysis.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Erwei Leng, Yilin Guo, Yanshan Yin, Yun Yu, Xun Gong, Jingwei Chen, Yuan Xue, E. Jiaqiang
Summary: In this study, a combination of spectroscopic techniques was used to reveal the catalytic mechanism of KCl and CaCl2 on cellulose char evolution during slow pyrolysis, providing insights into the evolution of functional groups in pyrolysis char. The results of this research are significant for understanding biomass pyrolysis mechanism and industrial production of biochar.
Article
Thermodynamics
Samreen Hameed, Adhirath S. Wagh, Abhishek Sharma, Vishnu Pareek, Yun Yu, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
Summary: This study investigates the effect of salt on cellulose pyrolysis behavior using the chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model. The experimental results show that salt has a pronounced effect on the primary pyrolysis reactions of cellulose, accelerating its decomposition and favoring the formation of gases and char.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fu Wei, Shinji Kudo, Shusaku Asano, Jun-ichiro Hayashi
Summary: This study investigated the torrefaction and pyrolytic reforming of Japanese cedar, aiming to quantify the heat requirements, demonstrate high conversion of bio-oil into syngas, and clarify the effects of water washing. The results showed that the heat requirements increased with temperature, water washing removed metallic species and slightly increased heat requirements, and pyrolytic reforming efficiently converted bio-oil into syngas.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qianli Wang, Shinji Kudo, Shusaku Asano, Jun-ichiro Hayashi
Summary: Processing agricultural wastes into densified materials is significant for reducing the consumption of forest resources. This study proposes a method to fabricate high-strength composite materials using rice husk and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) via hot pressing. The incorporation of PVA greatly improves the strength, toughness, and waterproofness of the composite plate.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Md. Maksudur Rahman, Yun Yu, Hongwei Wu
Summary: This paper reviews the environmental concerns and waste management due to the increase in waste tyre globally and emphasizes the importance of pyrolysis as an attractive technical route for waste tyre valorization. The paper summarizes the pyrolysis reaction chemistry, discusses the key factors influencing the properties and distribution of pyrolysis products and impurity removal, and surveys the potential applications of pyrolysis products. It also covers the important role of impurities and their remediation strategies, the progress in process development and analysis, and identifies the remaining challenges and research gaps in the field of waste tyre pyrolysis.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhiliang Wu, Yun Yu, Hongwei Wu
Summary: This study investigates the reaction mechanisms of hydrothermal decomposition of glucose and fructose to understand the formation of 5-HMF. The results show that 5-HMF is not directly produced from glucose or fructose in water. However, in the presence of formic acid, dehydration to produce 5-HMF becomes a primary reaction. The selectivity of this reaction increases with reducing the initial pH.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sidra Jabeen, Xiangpeng Gao, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Mohammednoor Altarawneh, Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
Summary: This study highlights the significant impacts of product recovery methods on the yields and properties of hydrochars produced from algal biomass through hydrothermal carbonization. Direct filtration results in higher hydrochar yield with residue biocrude, leading to considerable differences in properties compared to DCM-aided filtration. DCM-aided filtration produces hydrochars with lower volatile matter contents but higher fixed carbon and ash contents, showing greater specific reactivity due to higher concentrations of catalytic alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haiyan Li, Huan Liu, Mingwen Bai, Xiuju Zhang, Hetian Chi, Tongzhou Chen, Yun Yu, Hong Yao
Summary: The corrosion resistance of Ni40AA and Ni40AA-Mo coatings on 304SS substrate was evaluated in molten NaClNa2SO4-KCl-K2SO4 salts at 600 degrees C. Results showed that in the oxidizing-chloridizing environment, the addition of Mo significantly reduced the dissolved Cr in soluble corrosion products. Mo substituted Cr to react with molten salts, reducing the depletion of Cr and enhancing the accumulation of Cr-rich oxides. As a result, the corrosion resistance of Ni40AA was improved, with a reduction in corrosion weight gain by approximately 50% and thickness loss by 1/3.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiuju Zhang, Huan Liu, Tongzhou Chen, Haiyan Li, Zifeng Huang, Yun Yu, Hong Yao
Summary: Municipal solid waste incineration technology has rapidly developed for waste disposal and energy conversion. However, the high content of alkali salts, especially chlorides, in the waste causes severe high-temperature corrosion. High-velocity oxy-fuel spray (HVOF) coating shows promise in mitigating this issue, but the corrosion process involving flue gas and deposits is not well understood. This study investigates the in-service performance and coupling corrosion mechanism. The results provide insights into the corrosion mechanism induced by deposits and flue gas and clarify the resistance of HVOF-NiCr coating through staged characterization.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ben He, Yun Yu, Xun Gong, Shuai Liu, Hong Tian, Erwei Leng
Summary: This study investigates the possible reaction mechanisms for the polymerization of levoglucosan to produce various anhydro-disaccharides and beta-D-glucose under H2SO4 catalysis using density functional theory calculation. Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis reveal that anhydro-disaccharides with beta linkages are most likely formed by direct polymerization of two levoglucosan molecules, while different anhydro-disaccharides with alpha linkages are formed by different reaction mechanisms. The addition of H2SO4 as a catalyst significantly reduces the activation energy for various reactions and promotes the production of anhydro-disaccharides and beta-D-glucose.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yasuhiro Saito, Takumu Higo, Chiho Tsukamoto, Shinji Kudo, Jun-ichiro Hayashi
Summary: In this study, the strength, pore structure, and material constants of coke prepared from caking coal (Coke A) and non- or slightly caking coal (Coke C) were investigated experimentally and numerically at high temperatures. The results showed that Coke A had higher strength and lower porosity compared to Coke C. The numerical analysis revealed that heating could decrease the Young's modulus of Coke A and increase its compression stress, leading to an increase in coke strength.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sidra Jabeen, Xiangpeng Gao, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Mohammednoor Altarawneh, Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of reaction conditions on the yields and properties of biocrude and aqueous phase in hydrothermal carbonization of Chlorella vulgaris. The results showed that increasing the reaction temperature and time can enhance the biocrude yield and carbon recovery, but decrease the aqueous phase yield. The aqueous phase is rich in organic nitrogen and various inorganic species, making it suitable for recycling as cultivation media.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shusaku Asano, Samuel J. Adams, Yuta Tsuji, Kazunari Yoshizawa, Atsushi Tahara, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Nikolay Cherkasov
Summary: The selectivity of palladium catalysed hydrogenation can be improved by adding a homogeneous modifier such as quinoline. The study confirms the effectiveness of multi-parameter optimization, with 1,10-phenanthroline showing the best selectivity.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.