Article
Energy & Fuels
T. Leffler, M. Eriksson, B. Leckner, F. Lind, F. Winquist, P. Knutsson
Summary: The thermal conversion of biomass fuel mixes in fluidized beds can cause agglomeration. To counteract agglomeration, bed material is gradually exchanged with virgin bed material, and this results in increased disposal of used bed material. Furthermore, the bed material exchange represents a costly option, as it involves a cost for virgin bed material, for landfill, and for unplanned downtime of the plant. This paper presents a novel method for the evaluation of bed material quality: the electronic tongue (ET). Evaluation of bed material quality can contribute toward decreasing the cost of unnecessary exchanges of bed material. The proposed method was tested on bed material sampled on an almost daily basis from a commercial fluidized bed boiler during several months of operation. A two-electrode ET was used for the evaluation of the bed material quality. The analysis relied on pulsed voltammetry measurements and multivariate data analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results suggest that it is possible to follow bed material changes and that the ET, after further development, may be used to optimize the material flows connected to the bed material. Further research is being conducted to optimize the ET's performance and its application in monitoring bed material.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Robin Faust, Panida Aonsamang, Jelena Maric, Alyona Tormachen, Martin Seemann, Pavleta Knutsson
Summary: Thermal conversion of automotive shredder residue (ASR) using indirect fluidized bed gasification was conducted, with a focus on the interactions between the bed material and the ASR ash. Iron deposition onto olivine particles was observed, potentially increasing their oxygen-carrying ability. A significant portion of the particles in the bed originated from the ASR ash, containing Fe, Si, Zn, Ti, Cu, with some particles exhibiting a hollow morphology suggesting a melt state during formation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Elmeri Pienihakkinen, Christian Lindfors, Taina Ohra-aho, Juha Lehtonen, Tom Granstrom, Minna Yamamoto, Anja Oasmaa
Summary: This study investigated fast pyrolysis of hydrolysis lignin in fluidized bed units, identifying technical challenges related to lignin degradation rates, secondary reactions in the vapor phase, pressure buildup, and deposit formation. The carbohydrate content of hydrolysis lignin was found to impact processability, with lower carbohydrate content leading to more challenges such as clogging and bed agglomeration. Solutions such as adding a rotating mixer or feeding raw material in different sections of the reactor were proposed to overcome these challenges.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gary Reineccius, Shardul Patil, Vaidhyanathan Anantharamkrishnan
Summary: This research compares granulation to spray drying/agglomeration for producing flavoring particles. The study finds that granulation produces better properties, such as improved oxidation resistance, higher density, without the need for a two-step process.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Eric Otto, Robert Duerr, Gerd Strenzke, Stefan Palis, Andreas Bueck, Evangelos Tsotsas, Achim Kienle
Summary: Fluidized bed spray agglomeration is a significant industrial particle formation process, and mathematical process modeling plays a crucial role in analyzing mechanistic processes, intensification, and control. This study focuses on the influence of seven operational parameters on particle size distribution and introduces a general method for obtaining a quantitative formulation of the dependency between agglomeration rate and process conditions.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
D. Lee, B. Yoo
Summary: This study investigated the effects of adding maltodextrin during agglomeration on the physical, rheological, and structural properties of different types of water-soluble cellulose gums. The results showed that different cellulose gums exhibited varying flowability and cohesiveness in the presence of MD, and the concentration of MD influenced their porosity and dynamic moduli.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Raul Favaro Nascimento, Mariana Ferreira Avila, Osvaldir Pereira Taranto, Louise Emy Kurozawa
Summary: This study conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine the global panorama and trends in agglomeration in a fluidized bed over the past four decades. China, Sweden, Germany, Canada, and the United States were identified as the most productive countries in terms of publications. Keyword analysis revealed the importance of fluidization, biomass, granulation, defluidization, and coating in agglomeration in fluidized beds. The study also found that the main focuses of publications were granulation and combustion, and research emphasis is progressing towards evaluating operating parameters and measurement techniques to enhance theoretical approaches in agglomeration in fluidized beds.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hongfu Zhang, Mingming Gao, Haohao Fan, Kaiping Zhang, Jiahui Zhang
Summary: This study established a dynamic model for SCFB power generation units to explore flexible operation modes, by introducing reasonable assumptions and simplifications, identifying unknown parameters through regression analysis and quantum genetic algorithm, and validating the model accuracy with open-loop step responses and closed-loop experiments. The model accurately tracks the dynamic trends of running data in different load conditions and captures the special dynamic characteristics of SCFB units, making it feasible for advanced control algorithms test and flexible operation control system design.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ramin Khodabandehlou, Dominik Kirschenmann, Ronny Schimpke, Andreas Richter, Massoud Massoudi Farid, Hamid Reza Norouzi, Stefan Guhl, Afsanehsadat Larimi, Navid Mostoufi
Summary: This study investigates ash agglomeration as a potential problem in fluidized bed gasifiers. The results show that the defluidization temperature for ash agglomeration increases with the gas velocity, but remains constant after a certain fluidization number.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Suwarno Suwarno, Giri Nugroho, Andik Santoso, Witantyo
Summary: A significant number of tubes in the tubular air preheater (APH) at the cold end of the back pass region of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler were found to have leaks after five years of operation. Laboratory analysis revealed that the high phosphorus content in the steel and sulfuric acid deposition were the main causes of severe corrosion, leading to the leaks. This study demonstrates how high phosphorus content in steel accelerates corrosion by sulfuric acid in power plant equipment.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenran Gao, Mingming Zhang, Hongwei Wu
Summary: This study investigates bed agglomeration during fast pyrolysis of bio-oil derived fuels in a fluidized-bed reactor and reveals the positive effects of methanol and biochar in reducing tar formation. The results show a positive linear correlation between agglomeration yield and tar formation, indicating the significant impact of tar formation on bed agglomeration of bio-oil derived fuels.
Article
Polymer Science
Donghyeon Lee, Byoungseung Yoo
Summary: Xanthan gum powder was agglomerated using a fluidized-bed agglomeration process with water and maltodextrin binder solution. The particle size gradually increased during agglomeration, and using maltodextrin as a binder resulted in larger particles. The rheological properties of the final product depended on the binder solution used. The native xanthan gum powder had small and dense particles, while the agglomerates had larger and porous particles with rough surfaces.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Feng Jiang, Yu Shen, Guopeng Qi, Wenyue Jing, Xiao Li, Salah Yare, Xiulun Li
Summary: The study conducted visualization research through a circulating fluidized bed boiler, showing that particles can circulate normally under proper operating parameters. Increasing feedwater flow rate increases solid holdup and reduces the degree of non-uniformity in particle distribution.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dongfang Li, Runxia Cai, Seokgi Ahn, Xiaofeng Lu, Sungmook Jung, Chung-Hwan Jeon, Xing Zhu
Summary: Five field tests were conducted to measure the pressure drops in the transport zone of a 550-MWe CFB boiler in order to investigate its hydrodynamics. The calculated circulating rates Gs were compared with estimations based on elutriation constant and saturation-carrying capacity theories, showing good agreement for the elutriation constant but discrepancies for the saturation-carrying capacity. The effect of riser diameter on Gs was discussed, indicating an independence of the circulating rate beyond a certain dimension.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Zi-Meng He, Jing-Pei Cao, Xiao-Yan Zhao
Summary: This review summarizes the factors and mechanisms of biomass agglomeration in fluidized-bed reactors, with a focus on the interaction between different types of alkali salts in biomass and bed materials, as well as the influence of reaction conditions. The role of calcium and phosphorus in biomass agglomeration is also explored.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.