Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Miao Wang, Yuanqin Zhang, Yanhong Li, Changyu Zi, Mengxi Feng, Wenbo Zhao
Summary: The physicochemical properties of humic acids (HAs) are influenced by their source of origin and method of extraction. In this study, HAs extracted from two lignite samples using different extractants were characterized and compared. The results showed that HAs from lignite with higher humification degree are less affected by the type of extractant, and the HAs are rich in oxygen-containing groups with aliphatic and aromatic carbons as the main existing forms of carbon. This study highlights the importance of selecting extractants with minimal influence on the structure of HAs, and provides valuable insights for the future application of HAs.
SOLID FUEL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ramesh Naidu Mandapati, Praveen Kumar Ghodke
Summary: In this study, the kinetics of pyrolysis of three Indian lignite samples were investigated through thermogravimetric experiments and mathematical modeling. Various kinetic models were evaluated for their applicability, and the kinetic parameters were estimated based on experimental data. Additionally, the kinetics of volatile matter evolution was studied independently using a specially designed fixed-bed reactor.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Victoria Regina Celso Monteiro Zanona, Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues Barquilha, Maria Cristina Borba Braga
Summary: The main objective of this research was to remove recalcitrant organic matter from landfill leachate by adsorption onto biochar produced from sewage sludge. It was found that the biochar produced at 850 degrees C and 60 min showed the best performance in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and color from the leachate. Therefore, the pyrolysis of sewage sludge to produce biochar is a promising alternative for sludge treatment and pre-treatment of landfill leachate.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiongxin Peng, Shuang Gai, Kui Cheng, Fan Yang
Summary: The study conducted hydrothermal humification kinetics experiments using corn straw as raw material and employed characterization techniques such as ultra-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to determine the formation mechanism of artificial humic substances (A-HS). The results showed that in an alkaline environment, rapid dissociation of lignocellulose can occur, with cellulose and hemicellulose being hydrolyzed into glucose and xylose, further dehydrated to form 5-hydroxy furfural and furfural, and then rehydrated to synthesize levulinic acid and other small molecular acids. These small precursors then combine with lignin fragments to form fulvic acids, humic acids, and even humin. The proposed mechanism of hydrothermal humification is of great significance for the design, synthesis, and application of A-HS in sustainable agriculture.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chao Yang, Lin-Xiao Hou, Bei-Dou Xi, Li-An Hou, Xiao-Song He
Summary: This study investigated the redox capacities of compost-derived humic substances (HS) and their impact on the hematite bioreduction. The results showed that compost-derived HS could promote the bioreduction of hematite and their redox capacities increased during composting. The aromatic functional groups and heteroatom structures, particularly nitrogen, were found to be important for the hematite bioreduction.
CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Juan Zhang, Mingming Zhu, Isabelle Jones, Chiemeka Onyeka Okoye, Zhezi Zhang, Jian Gao, Dongke Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the transformation of sulphur during steam gasification of a spent tyre pyrolysis char. The results showed that the proportion of organic sulphur increased while the proportion of inorganic sulphur decreased with increasing gasification time and temperature. The main organic sulphur species were thiophene, aliphatic sulphide, sulphone, and sulphoxide, while the main inorganic sulphur species were ZnS and sulphate.
Article
Agronomy
Liudmila Tripolskaja, Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice, Eugenija Baksiene, Almantas Razukas
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of land use on the concentrations of organic carbon, humic acid, and fulvic acid in different soil horizons. The results suggest that converting cropland to fertilized managed grassland can increase soil organic carbon sequestration, while unfertilized managed grassland has a negative impact on humic substances formation. Furthermore, different land use types also influence the types and quantities of humic substances.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wenming Zhang, Chenxu Yu, Xujie Wang, Siqian Yin, Xinyi Chang
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of additives on fungal succession during composting and found that biochar and palygorskite promoted the formation of humic substances, with biochar performing better. Sequencing of fungal genes showed that the additives significantly influenced dominant fungi succession, and biochar and palygorskite stimulated the growth of lignocellulose-degrading fungi, leading to more humic acids formation.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mi Young Byun, Dockyu Kim, Ui Joung Youn, Seulah Lee, Hyoungseok Lee
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of humic acids (HA) on the growth and photosynthesis of moss species, finding that increasing HA concentrations correlated with increased growth and photosynthesis in polar mosses. However, the efficiency for temperate mosses increased at lower concentrations but began to reduce at the highest HA concentration.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ranjit Gurav, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Tae-Rim Choi, Hyun Joong Kim, Yong-Keun Choi, Hong-Ju Lee, Sion Ham, Jang Yeon Cho, Sang Hyun Kim, Sang Ho Lee, Jeonghee Yun, Yung-Hun Yang
Summary: This study focuses on the adsorptive removal of bisphenol-A and solvent black-3 from single and binary solutions. The results show that the pristine pinecone biochar produced at 750 ? demonstrated greater removal of bisphenol-A. The experimental data was best fitted to the Elovich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models for single-component and binary solution, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the highest regression coefficient values and adsorption capacity for both bisphenol-A and dye removal.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erika Jez, Carlo Bravo, Domen Lestan, Simon Gluhar, Ladislau Martin-Neto, Maria De Nobili, Marco Contin
Summary: The study found that CaEDTA remediation significantly decreased the free fraction of humic acids in soils contaminated with potentially toxic metals, while the bound fraction of humic acids and fulvic acids remained unchanged. Disturbance of intermolecular bonds during remediation affected the composition of the free humic acid fraction, confirming a selective removal of non-radical molecules such as carbohydrates while increasing the concentration of free radicals in acidic soil. The restoration of free humic fractions is likely to be a long-term process, indicating that CaEDTA soil washing is moderately conservative in terms of soil organic matter remediation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Patrycja Boguta, Marta Cybulak, Zofia Sokolowska, Robert Zarzycki, Andrzej Kacprzak, Rafal Kobylecki
Summary: The study analyzes the effect of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock on the quality and quantity of humic-like and fulvic-like acids in biochars. The results show that an increase in pyrolysis temperature leads to changes in the properties of the biochars. The feedstock also has an effect on the structure of the organic compounds. The study provides insights into the formation and transformation of organic matter during pyrolysis.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hong Tian, Jiang Zhu, Yang Yang, Shan Cheng, Yanshan Yin, Fuqiang Qin, Lei Liu
Summary: The effects of alkali metals (KCl, NaCl) and alkaline earth metals (CaO, MgCl2) on the evolution of nitrogen-containing compounds and product distribution during the pyrolysis of phenylalanine were investigated. TG-IR was used to track the changes in nitrogen-containing gases (NH3, HCN, HNCO) with temperature and their final release amounts. The pyrolysis reaction paths of phenylalanine were simulated using the M06-2X method and 6-31g(d) basis set, and the influence mechanism of AAEMs on the evolution process of nitrogen-containing compounds was explored at the molecular level. The results showed that KCl promoted the release of HCN and HNCO while inhibiting the release of NH3, whereas NaCl inhibited the production of NH3 and HCN and promoted the production of HNCO. Both CaO and MgCl2 promoted the release of HCN and NH3 and inhibited the release of HNCO, with MgCl2 having a minor effect on HNCO. Theoretical simulations revealed that the competitive effect of AAEMs on the formation paths of aromatic nitrogen compounds was the main reason for the overall change in the three nitrogen-containing gases.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guangwei Wu, Luomei Zou, Fuyang Huang, Bin Wang, Sha Huang, Xia Shen, Shu Chen, Jingping Zhu
Summary: The study investigated the factors affecting the photodegradation of sulfonamide and quinolone antibiotics and found that high concentrations of antibiotics impede photodegradation. The pH of the environment also plays a role, with sulfamethoxazole primarily degrading in acidic environments and ciprofloxacin degrading in neutral and alkaline environments. Reactive oxygen species, especially (1)O(2), were identified as the main active species involved in the photodegradation process. The natural organic substances humic acids produced stable and persistent free radicals, which contributed to the photodegradation process.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cafer Saka, Ibrahim Tegin, Kubra Kahvecioglu
Summary: This study focuses on enhancing the adsorption capacity of activated carbon by sulphur doping, using almond shells as the base material. The results showed that sulphur doped activated carbon exhibits high adsorption performance for Cd(II) and follows Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models.
DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alexander Zdravkov, George Ajdanlijsky, Maya Stefanova, Doris Gross, Yaroslav Dintchev
Summary: The paper presents the organic geochemical characterization of mudstones from the Shavar Fm in eastern Rhodope Mt., Bulgaria, indicating oil-prone source-rocks with good hydrocarbon potential. The organic matter in these rocks originates from submerged plants and dinoflagellates, and the deposition occurred under oxic conditions.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zlatka Milakovska, Maya Stefanova, Georgi Vladislavov, Petar Nikolov, Stefan Marinov
Summary: The study examines a sequence of three lignite seams and interlayering carbonaceous mudstone, using geochemical proxies and fossil fauna analysis to characterize pre-swamp, swamp, and moss swamp environments, as well as variations in climate conditions.
GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
R. Machado Garcia, R. Carleer, M. Arada Perez, G. Gryglewicz, J. Maggen, T. Haeldermans, J. Yperman
Summary: This study investigated the potential use of activated carbon obtained from peanut hulls and rice husks for the adsorption of Cibacron Yellow F-4G dye. The results showed that activated carbon prepared from peanut hulls performed better than rice husks in removing the dye.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Caroline Maes, Maarten te Molder, Wout Luyten, Geert Herremans, Naomi Winckelmans, Roos Peeters, Robert Carleer, Mieke Buntinx
Summary: Innovative permeation measurement systems are needed for determining gas transmission rates of gases other than oxygen, such as nitrogen, at varying temperature and relative humidity. This study presents the design and development of a versatile permeation measurement system that shows good accordance with results obtained from validated equipment for determining oxygen and nitrogen gas transmission rates.
Article
Thermodynamics
S. Genieva, L. Gonsalvesh, V Georgieva, M. Tavlieva, L. Vlaev
Summary: Lignocellulosic agro-wastes can be transformed into energy and value-added products through suitable thermochemical processes, with pyrolysis being considered an appropriate conversion process. Different approaches are sought to modify pyrolysis in order to optimize product yield and characteristics from agricultural residues.
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jeamichel Puente Torres, Harold Crespo Sariol, Thayset Marino Peacok, Jan Yperman, Peter Adriaensens, Robert Carleer, Angel Brito Sauvanell
Summary: The X-ray absorption (XRA) method, combined with digital image processing techniques, is a reliable way to determine the exhaustion degree of granular activated carbons (GACs) and identify different adsorbed ions and molecules on GAC. By simulating adsorption isotherm data and analyzing distinctive XRA configurations, relationships between incident energy and atomic number, adsorbate mass, and molar or atomic mass of adsorbed molecules or ions were established.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Roberto Machado Garcia, Robert Carleer, Maria Arada Perez, Jeamichel Puente Torres, Ying Gu, Pieter Samyn, Jan Yperman
Summary: Fe-TiO2/AC and Co-TiO2/AC composites doped with Fe and Co were prepared using AC derived from peanut hull residues and TiO2 photocatalysts electrochemically prepared from titanium scrap. The optimal pH for dye adsorption was found to be 2.0, with adsorption kinetics following a pseudo-second order model. The Langmuir model was observed to fit better than the Freundlich and Temkin models, and a decrease in adsorption capacity was observed with an increase in catalyst dope percentage. A high removal and degradation efficiency close to 100% was achieved after approximately 120 minutes, demonstrating a synergistic effect between adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of the composites under simulated visible radiation.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Willem Vercruysse, Jolien Smeets, Tom Haeldermans, Bjorn Joos, An Hardy, Pieter Samyn, Jan Yperman, Kenny Vanreppelen, Robert Carleer, Peter Adriaensens, Wouter Marchal, Dries Vandamme
Summary: Common ivy, a evergreen climbing plant, shows promise as a feedstock for pyrolysis based biorefinery processes, with the potential to be used in soil fertilization and carbon sequestration. Different extraction processes and pyrolysis temperatures can influence biochar properties and carbon sequestration potential of common ivy, making it a versatile and sustainable option for urban ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elena Hristova, Emilia Georgieva, Blagorodka Veleva, Nadya Neykova, Stela Naydenova, Lenia Gonsalvesh-Musakova, Rozeta Neykova, Anton Petrov
Summary: This study investigated the BC concentrations in two Bulgarian cities and compared them with modeled values. The results showed that the observed BC and PM2.5 values were higher in January than in October. In addition, the model had biases in predicting BC concentrations and PM2.5 values.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thayset Marino Peacok, Harold Crespo Sariol, Jeamichel Puente Torres, Jan Yperman, Angel Sanchez Roca, Robert Carleer, Liset Salomon Garcia
Summary: A mathematical tool has been developed to evaluate the economic benefits of in-situ chemical regeneration of fixed-bed industrial adsorbers of granular activated carbon in Cuban power plants. The tool allows for determining the optimal number of regeneration cycles for maximum economic profit, improving AC management at an industrial scale. This study demonstrated that after seven regeneration cycles, the power plant only spends 26% of the total investment, showing significant environmental and economic advantages.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
St. Naydenova, A. Veli, Z. Mustafa, S. Hudai, E. Hristova, L. Gonsalvesh-Musakova
Summary: The study analyzed the relationship between the quality of atmospheric air in Burgas city, Bulgaria and PAHs in two particulate matter fractions - 2.5 μm and 10 μm. The findings indicated that PM10 completely represents the registered PAHs in PM2.5, suggesting that the particulate PAHs in the ambient air of Burgas are associated with fine PM fraction. The highest concentrations of PAH compounds are mainly associated with coal combustion, diesel and gasoline vehicle emissions, and biomass burning. The calculated excess cancer risks are twice as high as the acceptable limit.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aude Cincotta, Michael Nicolai, Hebert Bruno Nascimento Campos, Maria McNamara, Liliana D'Alba, Matthew D. Shawkey, Edio-Ernst Kischlat, Johan Yans, Robert Carleer, Francois Escuillie, Pascal Godefroit
Summary: The study on well-preserved soft tissues in Mesozoic fossils provides valuable insights into the evolution of feathers. Recent research on pterosaurs reveals the presence of branched feathers, suggesting that feathers originated in the ancestor of pterosaurs and dinosaurs in the Early Triassic. However, the homology between pterosaur structures and feathers is still debated. Furthermore, diverse melanosome geometries related to the skin and feathers have been found in pterosaurs, indicating the early genetic regulation of feather color and shape, which has deep evolutionary origins.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bram Pawlak, Wouter Marchal, Bharadwaj Mysore Ramesha, Bjorn Joos, Lavinia Calvi, Jan D'Haen, Bart Ruttens, An Hardy, Vera Meynen, Peter Adriaensens, Robert Carleer
Summary: Hybrid titania phosphonate materials have great potential as tailored sorption materials with high added value. By incorporating different functional groups, they possess high chemical stability and structural versatility. In this study, three porous titania phosphonate hybrid structures with different functional groups were synthesized and evaluated for solvent separation. The results showed that diphosphonic acids were effectively incorporated into the hybrid structures, resulting in nanosized particles with a complex but uniquely functionalized surface. The materials demonstrated excellent and tunable sorption behavior.
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
A. Lataf, M. Jozefczak, B. Vandecasteele, J. Viaene, S. Schreurs, R. Carleer, J. Yperman, W. Marchal, A. Cuypers, D. Vandamme
Summary: This study provides insights into the factors influencing the agronomic properties of biochar, such as its composition, toxicity, and elemental content. The results show that feedstock and pyrolysis temperature are crucial factors for determining the biochar's properties. It is recommended to use a pyrolysis temperature below 600 degrees Celsius to produce biochar with desirable agronomic properties.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bharadwaj Mysore Ramesha, Bram Pawlak, Daniel Arenas Esteban, Gunter Reekmans, Sara Bals, Wouter Marchal, Robert Carleer, Peter Adriaensens, Vera Meynen
Summary: The hydrolysis of the phosphonate ester linker is important for the synthesis of porous hybrid organic-inorganic metal phosphonates. This study controlled the in-situ partial hydrolysis of the diphosphonate ester and assessed its impact on the hybrid nanoparticles. The increased acid concentration resulted in a higher degree of partial hydrolysis of the ester linker, affecting the bonding between the linker and TiO2. Understanding the surface dynamics of the linker-TiO2 nanoparticles is crucial for applications in electronic/photonic devices, separation technology, and heterogeneous catalysis.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.