Article
Energy & Fuels
Dennis Y. Lu, Yewen Tan, Marc A. Duchesne, David McCalden
Summary: Biomass, a complex fuel containing organic and inorganic matter, can cause ash-related problems in combustion systems. This study focuses on estimating the potential for potassium absorption by bed materials in high-potassium biomass fuel combustion. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of various factors on potassium capture. The results show that temperature and potassium salt type have a significant impact on potassium capture, while the gas atmosphere has a less notable effect.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivan Gogolev, Toni Pikkarainen, Juho Kauppinen, Carl Linderholm, Britt-Marie Steenari, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of biomass is a promising technology for power generation with integrated carbon capture, but the alkali content of biomass may lead to bed agglomeration and oxygen carrier absorption issues. Studies have shown that gas-phase alkali emissions in CLC operation can be up to 15 times higher than in OCAC operation, mainly due to steam accelerating the decomposition of alkali compounds in the biomass.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Witold Zukowski, Dawid Jankowski, Jerzy Baron, Jan Wrona
Summary: The study compared the combustion of selected artificial polymers and biomasses in a fluidized bed reactor, finding similar combustion times for packaging and construction materials, but longer times for polyvinyl chloride and polyamide. The combustion time of biomass particles depended on mass rather than type. The presence of radicals from liquefied petroleum gas combustion influenced carbon chain fragmentation, shortening polymer combustion times compared to tests without gaseous supporting fuel.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Suyang Pan, Jiliang Ma, Xiaoping Chen, Daoyin Liu, Cai Liang
Summary: This paper investigates the diffusion combustion of NH3 in a single bubble of fluidized bed through experimental approach and CFD-DEM simulation. The results show that NH3 combustion occurs intermittently in the bubble injection period and slow oxidation happens in the bubble rising period. The chemical reaction in the bubble is highly correlated to mass transfer between the emulsion phase and bubble phase.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dali Kong, Kun Luo, Shuai Wang, Jiahui Yu, Jianren Fan
Summary: The study uses a particle-scale computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method to investigate biomass gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor, exploring the effects of operating temperature and steam to biomass ratio on particle mixing and heat transfer modes. Increasing operating temperature and S/B ratio can enhance biomass mixing index and promote chemical reactions and heat transfer.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaoge Zhang, Youjun Lu
Summary: This work presents two dynamic models of the supercritical water fluidized bed, and compares their performance. The 1.5D model shows lower error in hydrogen molar fraction and stabilizes faster with higher steady-state values. The study also finds that coal-to-water ratios and supercritical water temperature affect the gasification process.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Subhodeep Banerjee, Mehrdad Shahnam, William A. Rogers, Robin W. Hughes
Summary: Interest in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers as a power generation technology has increased due to advantages such as increased combustion efficiency and the ability to use lower rank fuels. CFB combustors operate at lower temperatures, reducing NOx emissions, and SO2 emissions can be controlled through the addition of sulfur sorbents.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Matej Vodicka, Kristyna Michalikova, Jan Hrdlicka, Cornelia Hofbauer, Franz Winter, Pavel Skopec, Jitka Jenikova
Summary: This paper presents an experimental study on the feasibility of using different bed materials for oxy-fuel combustion of biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed. The results show that using lightweight ceramic aggregate can effectively control the combustion process, and ceramic materials are lighter with lower pressure drop, reducing the energy needed to drive the fluidization fan.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
T. Schneider, J. Moffitt, N. Volz, D. Mueller, J. Karl
Summary: Small-scale solutions for using solid biomass fuels with fluidized beds face challenges such as agglomeration, incomplete burnout, and low efficiencies. This study investigates the use of ilmenite as an oxygen carrier in a small-scale bubbling fluidized bed boiler and finds that it significantly reduces carbon monoxide emissions and addresses agglomeration and slagging issues. Ilmenite particles interact with ash compounds, improving combustion conditions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Petteri Peltola, Falah Alobaid, Tero Tynjaelae, Jouni Ritvanen
Summary: This article provides a brief review of the modeling of chemical looping combustion (CLC), a next-generation CO2 capture technology, in bubbling and circulating fluidized bed reactors. The article presents a summary of published mathematical reactor models, with a focus on a macroscopic modeling approach that combines transport equations with semiempirical correlations to describe key fluidized bed phenomena. The article highlights important aspects to be considered in the modeling of CLC in a dual fluidized bed reactor system and identifies research needs. So far, semiempirical reactor models have been validated based on experimental results, but there is limited research on dynamic process simulation of CLC.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nhut M. Nguyen, Falah Alobaid, Bernd Epple
Summary: Iron-based oxygen carriers are a promising option for chemical looping gasification to produce syngas. Increasing operating parameters can enhance process performance, and there are differences in performance between iron ore and ilmenite under different conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Witold Zukowski, Dawid Jankowski, Jan Wrona, Gabriela Berkowicz-Platek
Summary: This paper presents the results of combustion of polymers and biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. It was found that a minimum temperature of 850 degrees C is required for the combustion process. TG analysis coupled with FTIR analysis was used to simulate the chemical composition of bubbles in a hot fluidized bed. The study showed that a uniform access to oxygen is necessary for the combustion of complex gas mixtures. The combustion processes were conducted through autothermal burning and co-combustion with auxiliary fuel. The flue gases contained both inorganic and organic substances, with the latter mainly consisting of short-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. The emission characteristics of gaseous products during the combustion of polymeric materials in the bubbling fluidized bed were investigated. Increasing the combustion temperature intensified the oxidation of fuel-bound nitrogen and the conversion of NO to N2 on the surface of the char. The obtained emission coefficients for different polymers will be valuable in determining the appropriate combustion method for alternative fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mehmet Soner Yasar, Nevin Selcuk, Gorkem Kulah
Summary: A 1-D model for a BFBC co-firing lignite with cotton residue and limestone is coupled with a 3-D spectral and gray radiation models. The performance of the models is assessed by comparing their predictions with measurements from a BFBC. Comparisons between models with and without radiation show that the spectral model only slightly improves the predictions, due to the small temperature difference between the freeboard and walls and the dominance of combustion gases and particles in radiative heat transfer.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhihao Yang, Lunbo Duan, Lin Li, Edward John Anthony
Summary: Biomass combustion in pressurized oxy-fuel fluidized bed is a promising carbon capture technology, but the characteristics of biomass may lead to poor mixing in industrial FB combustors. The study found that pressure and atmosphere changes do not strongly affect the position distribution probability of densified rice hull pellets in pressurized oxy-fuel combustion, but may affect the distribution of particles on the bed surface and in the splash zone.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Burak Ulusoy, Bozidar Anicic, Weigang Lin, Bona Lu, Wei Wang, Kim Dam-Johansen, Hao Wu
Summary: This study investigated the interactions in NOX chemistry during biomass co-combustion, finding that the effect varies with different biomass fuels and ash characteristics. The catalytic effect of ash on NO formation is influenced by ash preparation temperature and mixing with fuel. The impact of NH3 on NO depends on the stage of the co-combustion process, and NO emissions are reduced and the influence of ash on nitrogen chemistry is less pronounced under air staged conditions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.