Article
Thermodynamics
Prashik Manwatkar, Lekha Dhote, Ram Avtar Pandey, Anirban Middey, Sunil Kumar
Summary: The study investigated the co-combustion of coal with distillery sludge waste (DSW) in a laboratory-scale Drop Tube Furnace (DTF) plant. Preliminary testing methods were used to examine the feasibility of combustion and identify burnout efficiency, emitted pollutants, and metal constituents in the ash. The study showed a high degree of correlation between gaseous emissions, combustion efficiency, and the optimal sludge proportion in the DTF under given combustion conditions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qian Li, Hengdi Ye, Zhihua Wang, Haoyu Zhou, Jinchao Wei
Summary: The drop tube furnace was used to investigate the characteristics of coal pyrolysis product, showing that pyrolysis could increase the specific surface area and total pore volume of coal, while producing syngas with high H2+CO content at high temperatures, suitable for synthetic chemical industry raw materials.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duarte Magalhaes, Alican Akgul, Feyza Kazanc, Mario Costa
Summary: This study investigated the co-gasification of biomass and coal chars obtained from fast pyrolysis and found synergistic effects when the biochar ratio exceeded 25%, indicating a threshold for K/Al and K/Si ratios in the char blend for observing synergies.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duarte Magalhaes, Feyza Kazanc
Summary: The study found that co-combustion of thermally pre-treated biomass and coal led to a significant reduction in PM2.5 emissions, approaching levels of biomass fuel, and the mechanisms for PM formation during combustion were found applicable to biomass-coal blends. The shift from fine to coarser particles during co-firing is likely to enable the capture of PM from biomass-coal co-firing by conventional coal-PM traps in existing coal power plants.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chay A. Davies-Smith, Julian M. Steer, Richard Marsh, David Morgan
Summary: Pulverised coal injection (PCI) is a method used in ironmaking to reduce costs and greenhouse gas emissions by replacing coke with coal. However, the use of PCI results in higher levels of sulphur in the blast furnace, which can increase costs and energy usage for sulphur removal. This study investigated the volatilisation of sulphur from coals used in PCI and found that the coal's burnout and volatile matter content are important factors affecting sulphur volatilisation. Furthermore, the sulphur forms present in the initial coal samples can influence the sulphur forms found in the collected chars.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Asma Ashraf, Hamed Sattar, Shahid Munir
Summary: The study showed that blending coal with agricultural residues can reduce NOx and SO2 emissions, while improving carbon burnout. Addition of different agricultural residues significantly decreased NOx emissions. Co-firing had a positive impact on reducing SO2 emissions, but there may be a risk of sulfur emissions in blends of agricultural residues with coal.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alain Brillard, Patrick Gilot, Jean-Francois Brilhac, Valerie Tschamber
Summary: This study presents a simple model for simulating combustion processes in a drop tube furnace, which is much simpler than other available models. The model assumes that a coal char particle remains spherical during combustion and is based on two differential equations describing the evolution of particle temperature and oxygen concentration with respect to time. This model also provides access to local quantities to characterize the combustion process, and its validity is demonstrated through comparisons with experimental data.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Feng Li, Mansheng Chu, Jue Tang, Zhenggen Liu, Jiaxin Wang, Shengkang Li
Summary: The CSE steelmaking technology has gained attention for its environmental and economic benefits, with a life cycle assessment showing lower environmental impacts compared to the traditional BF-BOF process. Key contributors to environmental impacts are the electric arc furnace, decarburization, pelletizing, and gas heating plants.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhiwei Hu, Anchao Qu, Zunrui Zhong, Xinwen Zhang, Hao Peng, Juan Li
Summary: A numerical model was established to study the gasification characteristics of pulverized coal using waste heat from high temperature slag particles. The effects of slag particle temperature, coal/gasification agent mass ratio, and water content in gasification agent on the gasification reaction efficiency were discussed. It was found that an appropriate ratio of parameters and suitable diameter and water content can optimize the gasification products.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ashok Prabhakar, Anup Kumar Sadhukhan, Parthapratim Gupta
Summary: The single-particle combined pyrolysis and gasification characteristics of Indian sub-bituminous coal in the presence of steam and CO2 were investigated. A comprehensive transient model incorporating heat and mass transport limitations was validated against experimental findings. The major components of evolved volatiles during pyrolysis were quantitatively measured, with gasification rates increasing with reactor temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Feng Li, Mansheng Chu, Jue Tang, Zhenggen Liu, Yusheng Zhou, Jiaxin Wang
Summary: The utilization of carbon-free energy in steel production, specifically the coal gasification-shaft furnace-electric furnace (CSE) technology using hydrogen-enriched gas, has a great potential for energy-saving and low carbon development in China. Material flow analysis and exergy assessment have revealed areas for improvement in energy efficiency, with a focus on heat recovery in the coal gasification and pelletizing systems. Increasing the H-2 content in the reducing gas may lead to a slight increase in exergy efficiency of the shaft furnace, but at the cost of significantly higher demand volume of reducing gas. Balancing environmental benefits, energy utilization, and production cost is essential for the success of hydrogen reduction based steelmaking processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hassan Mohanna, Jean-Michel Commandre, Bruno Piriou, Benoit Taupin, Gilles Vaitilingom, David Honore
Summary: Experimental combustion and numerical modeling of raw and torrefied pine and demolition wood particles were conducted to determine the kinetics of devolatilization and oxidation. Different scenarios tested showed minor variations in devolatilization activation energy but significant differences in char oxidation activation energy. The influence of particle volume evolution and drag force models on the derived kinetic parameters were examined, revealing noticeable differences in particle temperature and other properties along the reactor axis.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Julian Steer, Mark Greenslade, Richard Marsh
Summary: The injection of coal into blast furnaces is a widely used method to reduce coke usage and improve iron making efficiency. Research shows that coal type is the most important predictor of coal rate, while laboratory-tested coal properties play a minor role in the prediction model. The reactivity of char from coal in relation to coal and coke rates during production was found to have some correlation, despite the challenges of identifying strong correlations between laboratory data and process control adjustments in the furnace.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhongfa Hu, Yangfan Peng, Fenjin Sun, Shanshan Chen, Yuegui Zhou
Summary: Underground coal gasification is a promising technology for converting coal resources into high-quality synthesis gas with low cost. The study found that gasification pressure and temperature have significant effects on the composition of synthesis gas, and increasing the oxygen/steam ratio enhances the contents of H-2 and CH4, as well as the low heating value of the synthesis gas.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fan Yang, Qingbo Yu, Wenjun Duan, Zhenfei Qi, Qin Qin
Summary: Electrochemical catalytic coal gasification experiments were conducted with Fuxin coal under different power and temperature conditions. The results showed that CO and H-2 content in gas products increased to different degrees, while CH4 concentration initially increased and then decreased. Thermal electrons were found to play a crucial role in promoting the generation of useful gases during ECG.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.