Article
Linguistics
Emanuel Bylund, Zainab Khafif, Robyn Berghoff
Summary: This study examines linguistic and geographic diversity in SLA and multilingualism research. Over 2,000 articles from top-tier journals are analyzed, documenting the languages studied, author affiliations, research locations, and citations. The findings indicate limited representation of the world's languages and multilingual societies in the research sample, with English being the dominant language and North America and Western Europe being the main research sites. Studies on English and Anglophone settings tend to receive more citations, while less studied languages are more frequently mentioned in article titles.
APPLIED LINGUISTICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ruibo Liu, Chenyan Jia, Jason Wei, Guangxuan Xu, Soroush Vosoughi
Summary: This paper investigates the issue of political bias in current large-scale language models and proposes a reinforcement learning framework to mitigate such bias in generated text. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces bias while preserving the readability and semantic coherence of the text.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Eleanor R. Palser, Maia Lazerwitz, Aikaterini Fotopoulou
Summary: Male editors and US-based editors outnumber female editors and editors from other countries in top journals of psychology and neuroscience, exceeding their participation rates. This gender and geographical disparity is prominent across different editorial roles and categories.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alyson Haslam, Jordan Tuia, Vinay Prasad
Summary: This study analyzed meta-analyses in the field of oncology and found multiple factors associated with positive study conclusions, suggesting the need for future research to understand the reasons behind more favorable conclusions in studies with industry funding.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Lokman Tutuncu, Recep Yucedogru, Idris Sarisoy
Summary: This study investigates editorial bias towards insiders in Turkish academia by analyzing a dataset of research papers published in national Business and Economics journals. The findings reveal that insiders not only publish more in their affiliated institutions' journals but also at a faster pace. Papers with insider authors are accepted significantly faster than outsider papers. The study also identifies factors that affect the likelihood of insider authorship, such as language, position, journal type, and paper origin.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Misha Teplitskiy, Hao Peng, Andrea Blasco, Karim R. Lakhani
Summary: This study investigates the association between novelty and manuscript acceptance, finding that higher novelty is consistently associated with higher acceptance. Disagreement among peer reviewers was not related to novelty or conventionality, and editors tend to select manuscripts with higher novelty. This challenges the perception that peer review is inherently resistant to novelty.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Mary L. Guan, Michael H. Pillinger, Aryeh M. Abeles
Summary: This study focused on the discrepancy in reporting potential conflicts of interest (PCOIs) in clinically oriented articles published in three top US rheumatology journals. The results showed that a majority of articles had authors with inaccurate financial disclosures, indicating a need for further improvement and stricter expectations to allow readers to better assess the impact of PCOIs on publications.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariana Lenharo
Summary: An analysis of hundreds of publications reveals that there are limited efforts to support scientists who are not native English speakers.
Article
Surgery
Kamber L. Hart, Laura T. Boitano, Adam Tanious, Mark F. Conrad, Matthew J. Eagleton, Keith D. Lillemoe, Roy H. Perlis, Sunita D. Srivastava
Summary: This study evaluates the distribution of authorship by sex over the last 10 years among the top 25 surgical journals. The study finds that there has been a slow but steady increase in the number of female authors in high-impact surgical journals during the contemporary era, although the improvement is more apparent in the first author positions.
Article
Psychiatry
Vikas Menon, Natarajan Varadharajan, Sharmi Bascarane, Chittaranjan Andrade
Summary: Women authors are under-represented in academic medicine and publishing, particularly in the field of psychiatry in India. However, there has been a significant increase in the representation of women as first authors in recent years.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatsuya Amano, Valeria Ramirez-Castaneda, Violeta Berdejo-Espinola, Israel Borokini, Shawan Chowdhury, Marina Golivets, Juan David Gonzalez-Trujillo, Flavia Montano-Centellas, Kumar Paudel, Rachel Louise White, Diogo Verissimo
Summary: The use of English as the common language of science is a major barrier for non-native English speakers in contributing to science. This study surveyed 908 researchers in environmental sciences and found that non-native English speakers, particularly early in their careers, exert more effort in conducting scientific activities in English compared to native English speakers. Language barriers also prevent them from attending or giving oral presentations at international conferences conducted in English. The study suggests that scientific communities should address these disadvantages and proposes potential solutions.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jennifer E. Stark, Jennifer Cole
Summary: Inclusive language is important for effective communication and establishing a welcoming environment. However, there are significant gaps in providing guidance for inclusive language in medical journals. This study found that only 23% of medical journals reviewed had inclusive language guidelines, and 86.9% of these guidelines were strong and specific.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kyle Siler, Philippe Vincent-Lamarre, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Vincent Lariviere
Summary: Cumulative advantage, known as the Matthew Effect, has an impact on academic output and careers. This article analyzes the phenomenon of repeat authors in academic journals and their influence on research. The results show that the citation impact of articles by repeat authors decreases with each additional author, but repeat authors tend to receive more citations overall. This implies both advantages and disadvantages of repeat authorship. Journals appear to consider feedback from previous publications and are more likely to select highly cited authors as repeat authors.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Carmela Lutmar, Yaniv Reingewertz
Summary: This study finds academic in-group bias in the top five economics journals, especially in the QJE. Authors affiliated with Harvard and MIT receive fewer citation counts when publishing in the QJE, while authors from Chicago and the UK do not experience the same bias in JPE and REStud.
Review
Nursing
Hui-Hui Liu, Chun-Xiang Su, Zhang-Qi Li, Shu-Jin Yue, Shu-Han Cheng, Di Peng
Summary: This study assessed the consistency between registrations and publications of RCTs in nursing journals and found a relatively low level of consistency regarding the primary outcomes and other data, with discrepancies favoring statistically significant results. Additionally, 40% of the studies were prospectively registered.
WORLDVIEWS ON EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biodiversity Conservation
Francisco J. Oficialdegui, Miguel Delibes-Mateos, Andy J. Green, Marta I. Sanchez, Luz Boyero, Miguel Clavero
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Ornithology
Carlos Gutierrez-Exposito, Ruth Garcia-Gorria, Abdeljebbar Qninba, Miguel Clavero, Eloy Revilla
Review
Fisheries
Francisco J. Oficialdegui, Marta Sanchez, Miguel Clavero
REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Lucia Acevedo-Limon, Francisco J. Oficialdegui, Marta I. Sanchez, Miguel Clavero
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Marta Narvaez, Sonia Cabezas, Francisco Blanco-Garrido, Raquel Baos, Miguel Clavero, Miguel Delibes
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Juan Garcia-de-Lomas, Miguel Clavero, Carlos M. Garcia, Desiree Alba, Jose Maria Torres, Alfonso Jurado, Virginia Cantero, Rosario Navarro, Francisco Hortas
Summary: The general public's knowledge of aquatic invertebrates is often poor, but providing common names can help raise awareness for conservation. Selecting common names for newly described species can increase societal understanding and promote conservation efforts. Similar naming contests can be applied in different regions to raise awareness for threatened species.
AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
(2021)
Review
Ecology
Francisco J. Oficialdegui, Miguel Delibes-Mateos, Nati Franch, Maria Altamirano, Miguel Clavero
Summary: The text discusses the creation of the Spanish Catalogue of Invasive Alien Species and the challenges faced in managing these species. It suggests increasing flexibility in management tools and proposing different levels of restrictions and management strategies to effectively deal with Invasive Alien Species.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Javier Calzada, Miguel Clavero, Miguel Delibes, Nestor Fernandez
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between the occurrence of the Eurasian otter and anthropogenic pressures and natural environmental gradients in an arid region in Morocco. The results showed that the probability of otter occurrence was higher in areas with rugged terrain and intermediate elevations, and lower in catchments exposed to higher anthropogenic pressures. Otters tended to be rare in higher elevations and areas with less annual precipitation.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Duarte S. Viana, Francisco Blanco-Garrido, Miguel Delibes, Miguel Clavero
Summary: This study uses a historical survey conducted in Spain between 1574 and 1582 to gather data on wild plants, wild animals, and crops/domestic animals. The findings can help reconstruct historical land use, habitat cover, and species distributions.
Article
Fisheries
Miguel Clavero
Summary: This study uses archival sources and historical documents to investigate the motivations, negotiations, and actions behind the introduction of fish and crayfish into Spain in the second half of the 16th century. The results provide detailed information about the introduction events, early management, and outcomes, offering a centuries-long perspective on the presence and success of these introduced species in the Iberian Peninsula.
FISH AND FISHERIES
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
M. Clavero, A. Garcia-Reyes, A. Fernandez-Gil, E. Revilla, N. Fernandez
Summary: This study used historical records from the mid-19th century to estimate the historical distribution range of the Iberian wolf in Spain. The results showed that the wolf's range has significantly reduced, with the species now restricted to the north-western quadrant of the country. The study demonstrates the importance of compiling historical species records for informing conservation efforts.
ANIMAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Francisco Blanco-Garrido, Virgilio Hermoso, Miguel Clavero
Summary: Historical records are important for understanding long-term changes in species distribution, but they are often scarce or found in non-scientific sources. Gazetteers could be a valuable source of historical species records, and the Madoz dictionary from the 19th century contains extensive information on geography and wildlife in Spain. The database created from this dictionary provides valuable data on freshwater fauna records, which can be used for conservation and management purposes.
REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Miguel Clavero, Jongmo Suh, Nati Franch, Enric Aparicio, Teresa Buchaca, Jenny Caner, Sergi Garcia-Rodriguez, Francesc Llimona, Quim Pou-Rovira, Rafel Rocaspana, Marc Ventura
Summary: This study describes the irruption and rapid expansion of non-native loaches in Catalonia, using data from fish sampling, genetic analyses, and trait descriptions. At least five non-native loach species have been established in Catalonia, most of which are currently spreading. Genetic analyses were fundamental to understand loach invasions and highlight the unresolved taxonomy of loaches. Loaches differ from previously established invasive fish species, indicating potential weaknesses of prevention strategies based on prohibited species lists. The study calls for more flexible management tools and prioritizing prevention and rapid responses to new introductions.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Duarte S. Viana, Francisco J. Oficialdegui, Maria del Carmen Soriano, Virgilio Hermoso, Miguel Clavero
Summary: The study analysed the distribution and niche dynamics of the Italian crayfish in the Iberian Peninsula over the past 200 years. The distribution expanded from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, mostly towards coastal-influenced areas. After the introduction of North American crayfish, the niche shifted towards rough mountain areas. This research highlights the dynamic nature of the crayfish's distribution and niche in the presence of invaders and explores the conditions for coexistence.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Christos Gkenas, Maria Filomena Magalhaes, Nazaret Campos-Martin, Filipe Ribeiro, Miguel Clavero
Summary: The study found that the diet of pumpkinseed in desert rivers in Morocco undergoes significant changes with aridity, suggesting that feeding plasticity and use of exclusive, locally abundant prey may be associated with the success of pumpkinseed invasion in these harsh environments.
KNOWLEDGE AND MANAGEMENT OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
(2021)
