Article
Cell Biology
Bernd Geers, Julia Hagenstein, Jessica Endig, Hanna Ulrich, Laura Fleig, Paulina Sprezyna, Julita Mikulec, Lukas Heukamp, Gisa Tiegs, Linda Diehl
Summary: Arl4d restricts IL-2 production and responsiveness, thereby limiting the conversion of conventional CD4 T cells into T-regulatory cells.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Praveen Prakhar, Jaylene Alvarez-DelValle, Hilary Keller, Assiatu Crossman, Xuguang Tai, Yoo Kyoung Park, Jung-Hyun Park
Summary: Foxp3(+) Tregs in the small intestine epithelium do not require IL-2 for survival and effector functions, exhibiting an independent mechanism and potent suppressor function.
Article
Biology
Julie Y. Zhou, Carlos A. Alvarez, Brian A. Cobb
Summary: Cells integrate concurrent signaling initiated by different cytokines to produce specific responses, and the combinatorial effects of different cytokines can lead to distinct biological outcomes, understanding this signaling pathway is crucial for addressing diseases.
Article
Immunology
Shining Ma, Michelle So, Aazam Ghelani, Rohith Srivas, Anupama Sahoo, Robyn Hall, Wenjun Liu, Hao Wu, Sherman Yu, Shiping Lu, Elly Song, Taryn Cariaga, Marcus Soto, Hong Zhou, Chi-Ming Li, Ashutosh Chaudhry, Xin Luo, Sue J. Sohn
Summary: This study demonstrates that attenuated IL-2 muteins have a stronger effect on Treg activation and conversion, and can reduce the dependence on TCR signal. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic use of attenuated IL-2 muteins for inflammatory diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caroline Lamarche, Kirsten Ward-Hartstonge, Tian Mi, David T. S. Lin, Qing Huang, Andrew Brown, Karlie Edwards, Gherman E. Novakovsky, Christopher N. Qi, Michael S. Kobor, Caitlin C. Zebley, Evan W. Weber, Crystal L. Mackall, Megan K. Levings
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are susceptible to exhaustion, which can limit their therapeutic effect. A comprehensive investigation on exhaustion in Tregs reveals key similarities and differences with exhausted conventional T cells. This finding has important implications for the design of CAR Treg adoptive immunotherapy strategies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Daniel S. Shin, Sneha Ratnapriya, Creel Ng Cashin, Lucy F. Kuhn, Rod A. Rahimi, Robert M. Anthony, James J. Moon
Summary: Self-antigen-specific T cells are regulated through tolerance mechanisms, but tissue injury can disrupt this regulation and trigger autoimmunity. Using mouse models of lung injury, we found that acute injury leads to the expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that specifically recognize self-antigen. Conventional CD4+ T cells with the same self-antigen specificity remained unresponsive even after Treg ablation. Therefore, the self-antigen-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire plays a regulatory role in limiting tissue damage and autoimmunity during acute injury.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Athmane Teghanemt, Kara Misel-Wuchter, Jace Heath, Andrew Thurman, Priyanjali Pulipati, Garima Dixit, Ramasatya Geesala, David K. Meyerholz, Thorsten Maretzky, Alejandro Pezzulo, Priya D. Issuree
Summary: Regulatory T (T reg) cells are vital in maintaining tolerance and preventing fatal autoimmunity. This study reveals the importance of Tet enzymes and DNA demethylation in promoting Treg cell differentiation in the thymus. Tet3 is specifically involved in the development of CD4 single-positive thymocytes and plays a critical role in TCR-dependent IL-2 production, which is essential for chromatin remodeling and the upregulation of FoxP3.
Review
Immunology
Juliane Lokau, Lynn M. Petasch, Christoph Garbers
Summary: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an important regulator of immune response, and its signaling involves three receptors (IL-2Rα, IL-2Rβ, and IL-2Rγ). Soluble form of IL-2Rα (sIL-2Rα) is present in the blood and increased under pathological conditions. The effects of sIL-2Rα on IL-2 function and immune responses are not fully understood.
Article
Oncology
Huanhe Ni, Huanling Zhang, Lin Li, He Huang, Hui Guo, Lin Zhang, Chunwei Li, Jing-Xiao Xu, Cai-Ping Nie, Kui Li, Xiaoshi Zhang, Xiaojun Xia, Jiang Li
Summary: In this study, it was found that increased STING and CCL22 levels, as well as higher levels of FOXP3(+) cells and lower levels of CD8(+) cells in tumor tissues of cervical cancer, predicted poor survival. Activation of STING signaling in cooperation with T cell receptor and other signals promoted iTreg differentiation in both human and murine CD4(+) naive T cells. Additionally, tumor-derived exosomes were found to activate STING signaling in tumor-infiltrated T cells, leading to iTreg expansion.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Pooja Mehta, Victoire Gouirand, Devi P. Boda, Jingxian Zhang, Sofia Gearty, Bahar Zirak, Margaret M. Lowe, Sean Clancy, Ian Boothby, Kelly M. Mahuron, Adam Fries, Matthew F. Krummel, Parminder Mankoo, Hsin-Wen Chang, Jared Liu, Joshua M. Moreau, Tiffany C. Scharschmidt, Adil Daud, Esther Kim, Isaac M. Neuhaus, Hobart W. Harris, Wilson Liao, Michael D. Rosenblum
Summary: The study identifies LAYN (layilin) as preferentially expressed on a subset of activated Tregs in human skin, with a role in facilitating Treg adhesion and limiting their suppressive capacity. This mechanism may influence Treg motility and immune regulation in nonlymphoid tissues, potentially guiding therapeutic strategies for immune modulation.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yuying Liu, Nannan Zhou, Li Zhou, Jing Wang, Yabo Zhou, Tianzhen Zhang, Yi Fang, Jinwei Deng, Yunfeng Gao, Xiaoyu Liang, Jiadi Lv, Zhenfeng Wang, Jing Xie, Yuanbo Xue, Huafeng Zhang, Jingwei Ma, Ke Tang, Yiliang Fang, Feiran Cheng, Chengjuan Zhang, Bing Dong, Yuzhou Zhao, Peng Yuan, Quanli Gao, Haizeng Zhang, F. Xiao-Feng Qin, Bo Huang
Summary: IL-2 acts as an environmental cue to induce CD8(+) T cell exhaustion within tumor microenvironments by activating STAT5, inducing tryptophan hydroxylase 1, and subsequently causing T cell dysfunction.
Article
Cell Biology
Alexandra H. Mandarano, Tarsha L. Harris, Blaine M. Creasy, Marie Wehenkel, Marygrace Duggar, Benjamin A. Wilander, Ashutosh Mishra, Jeremy Chase Crawford, Sarah A. Mullen, Katherine M. Williams, Meenu Pillai, Anthony A. High, Maureen A. McGargill
Summary: Drak2-deficient mice are resistant to autoimmune diseases and effectively eliminate pathogens and tumors. The absence of Drak2 in T cells leads to resistance to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, which requires the presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Drak2 regulates IL-2 signaling by inhibiting STAT5A phosphorylation, and its absence enhances thymic Treg development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chun Jing Wang, Lina Petersone, Natalie M. Edner, Frank Heuts, Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs, Elisavet Ntavli, Alexandros Kogimtzis, Astrid Fabri, Yassin Elfaki, Luke P. Houghton, Ralf J. Hosse, David A. Schubert, Andreas P. Frei, Ellen M. Ross, Lucy S. K. Walker
Summary: The authors investigated the relative roles of CD28 co-stimulation and IL-2 in maintaining Treg cells, and found that providing IL-2 can counteract the loss of regulatory T cells induced by CD28 co-stimulation blockade, while minimally affecting conventional T cells. They demonstrated the efficacy of combined therapy in a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, suggesting the potential use of this approach in treating autoimmune diseases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Patricia Ramos-Ramirez, Carina Malmhall, Omar Tliba, Madeleine Radinger, Apostolos Bossios
Summary: Adiponectin/AdipoR1 axis promotes IL-10 release by Tregs, mainly in Helios(-) Tregs, and the effect was amplified by T2 inflammation in Helios(+) Tregs. This suggests a potential role of adiponectin in regulating Treg function in human inflammatory conditions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dongkyun Kim, Sohee Kim, Myung-su Kang, Zhinan Yin, Booki Min
Summary: IL-27 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that can modulate inflammatory responses, including autoimmunity. This study found that IL-30 can act as a negative regulator to limit inflammation, and dysregulated IL-30 expression may contribute to the development of encephalitogenic inflammation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gemma Leon, Seamus Hussey, Patrick T. Walsh
Summary: The interleukin-36 family of cytokines plays a significant role in the intestinal mucosa, potentially mediating inflammation as well as promoting resolution, with overlapping roles in adaptive and innate inflammation, and contributing to the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emma B. O'Connor, Natalia Munoz-Wolf, Gemma Leon, Ed C. Lavelle, Kingston H. G. Mills, Patrick T. Walsh, Richard K. Porterid
Review
Pediatrics
Eirini Giannoudaki, Siobhan Gargan, Seamus Hussey, Aideen Long, Patrick T. Walsh
Summary: T cell subsets play crucial roles in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, and targeting their infiltration may represent a novel treatment approach.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Eirini Giannoudaki, Anna M. Stefanska, Hazel Lawler, Gemma Leon, Yasmina E. Hernandez Santana, Najma Hassan, Shane E. Russell, Rachel Horan, Cheryl Sweeney, Roger S. Preston, Alberto Mantovani, Cecilia Garlanda, Padraic G. Fallon, Patrick T. Walsh
Summary: The study demonstrates that SIGIRR is downregulated in psoriatic lesions, correlating with increased IL-36 family cytokines, and acts as a negative regulator of IL-36 responses in the skin through dendritic cells and keratinocytes. Blocking IL-36R signaling alleviates psoriasiform inflammation in Sigirr(-/-) mice.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Gonzalo Saiz-Gonzalo, Naomi Hanrahan, Valerio Rossini, Raminder Singh, Mary Ahern, Maebh Kelleher, Shane Hill, Ruairi O'Sullivan, Aine Fanning, Patrick T. T. Walsh, Seamus Hussey, Fergus Shanahan, Ken Nally, Caitriona M. M. O'Driscoll, Silvia Melgar
Summary: The study reveals a correlation between CEACAMs and the pathogenesis of IBD, with different IBD-associated triggers impacting the expression of CEACAMs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Correction
Immunology
Eirini Giannoudaki, Anna M. Stefanska, Hazel Lawler, Gemma Leon, Yasmina E. Hernandez Santana, Najma Hassan, Shane E. Russell, Rachel Horan, Cheryl Sweeney, Roger S. Preston, Alberto Mantovani, Cecilia Garlanda, Padraic G. Fallon, Patrick T. Walsh
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kiva Brennan, Simon Craven, Maria Cheung, Daniel Kane, Eleanor Noone, Joseph O'Callaghan, Eleanor J. Molloy, Patrick T. Walsh, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, Sarah L. Doyle
Summary: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are crucial for the innate immune system's defense against pathogens. New vaccine formulations target PRR pathways to enhance vaccine responses. Recent studies have shown that cytosolic nucleic acid (CNA) sensors in neonatal immune cells are highly active. Activating CNA sensors can improve immune activity in myeloid cells, potentially enhancing the efficacy of existing vaccines.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Gemma Leon, Yasmina E. Hernandez Santana, Naoise Irwin, Eirini Giannoudaki, Sadhbh O'Neill, Ilona Csizmadia, Martina Gogarty, Tae J. Lee, Darren Ruane, Aideen Long, Padraic G. Fallon, Seamus Hussey, Patrick T. Walsh
Summary: IL-36 cytokines play a crucial role in intestinal inflammation and may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. The study found that IL-36 alpha is specifically elevated in the serum of newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients, while IL-36 beta and IL-36 gamma are not. T cells were identified as the primary mediators of IL-36 responses in the inflamed gut.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Matarazzo, Yasmina E. Hernandez Santana, Patrick T. Walsh, Padraic G. Fallon
Summary: The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors are involved in innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation. They are widely expressed in structural and immune cells, particularly within barrier mucosal surfaces. In the lung, gut, and skin, they play important roles in maintaining the integrity of the barrier and regulating innate and adaptive immunity in response to insult and infections. Dysregulation of IL-1 cytokines is associated with abnormal tissue inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yasmina E. Hernandez Santana, Naoise Irwin, Patrick T. Walsh
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Graeme P. Sullivan, Pavel Davidovich, Natalia Munoz-Wolf, Ross W. Ward, Yasmina E. Hernandez Santana, Danielle M. Clancy, Aoife Gorman, Zaneta Najda, Boris Turk, Patrick T. Walsh, Ed C. Lavelle, Seamus J. Martin
Summary: IL-37, a member of the IL-1 family, can be activated and exhibit proinflammatory effects upon processing by specific proteases. This finding is consistent with other IL-1 family members.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paloma Narros-Fernandez, Shrikanth Chomanahalli Basavarajappa, Patrick T. Walsh
Summary: Recent advances have emphasized the importance of understanding the complexities of the host-microbial dialogue in relation to human health and disease. The Interleukin-1 family cytokines have emerged as key mediators between the microbiome and barrier tissues, regulating homeostasis and inflammation. This review explores the current knowledge surrounding the evidence for the roles of IL-1 family cytokines in shaping the composition of the microbiome and maintaining barrier health and immunity.
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Erin Fahey, Lucia Celkova, Conor Delaney, Patrick T. Walsh, Seamus J. Martin, Matthew Campbell, Sarah L. Doyle
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Yasmina Esther Hernandez Santana, Gemma Leon, Erini Giannoudaki, David St Leger, Ania M. Stefanska, Hazel Lawler, Alberto Mantovani, Cecilia Garlanda, Padraic G. Fallon, Patrick T. Walsh
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Yasmina E. Hernandez-Santana, Gemma Leon, David St Leger, Padraic G. Fallon, Patrick T. Walsh
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2020)