Review
Cell Biology
Kazumi Takaishi, Hiroyuki Kinoshita, Shingo Kawashima, Shinji Kawahito
Summary: This article discusses the critical role of superoxide in vascular redox signaling and the physiological and pathophysiological functions of NOX in vascular smooth muscle cells. NOX is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, and is regulated by various stimulants.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Seul Gi Kim, Jin Young Sung, Young Jin Kang, Hyoung Chul Choi
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key risk factor of cellular senescence and age-related diseases, and protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to activate NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which generate ROS. The correlation between PKC and senescence has not been reported in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). Our study revealed that H2O2 decreased PTEN expression, increased PKC delta phosphorylation, upregulated NOX1 subunits, and induced VSMC senescence via p53-p21 signaling pathway. However, fisetin inhibited cellular senescence induced by the PTEN-PKC delta-NOX1-ROS signaling pathway, suggesting that downregulation of PKC delta by flavonoids provides a potential means of treating age-associated diseases.
ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Josiane Fernandes da Silva, Juliano Alves, Julio A. Silva-Neto, Rafael M. Costa, Karla B. Neves, Rheure Alves-Lopes, Livia L. Camargo, Francisco J. Rios, Augusto C. Montezano, Rhian M. Touyz, Rita C. Tostes
Summary: The study found that LPC induces oxidative stress in endothelial cells through NOX5-dependent ROS production, which is linked to increased intracellular calcium levels. Inhibition of NOX5 decreased LPC-induced ROS generation, as well as ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. These results highlight the key role of NOX5 in early LPC-induced endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation, indicating its importance in atherosclerosis development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vesna Manasieva, Shori Thakur, Lisa A. Lione, Anwar R. Baydoun, John Skamarauskas
Summary: This study investigates the enzymatic activity of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its role in oxidative stress formation and vascular damage. The study found that SSAO has higher affinity for aminoacetone compared to methylamine. SSAO activity resulted in cytotoxicity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, potentially contributing to the early stages of atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vesna Manasieva, Shori Thakur, Lisa A. Lione, Jessal Patel, Anwar Baydoun, John Skamarauskas
Summary: The study demonstrates the relationship between SSAO and LOX in VSMCs, showing that increased SSAO activity and decreased LOX activity are associated with pathological changes in the vascular wall. Silencing the LOX gene leads to a reduction in SSAO activity, protein expression, and mRNA levels in VSMCs. These findings suggest that LOX acts as a regulator of SSAO activity and expression in early passage rat aortic VSMCs.
Article
Oncology
Bowen Li, Zhiwei Wang, Junmou Hong, Yanjia Che, Ruoshi Chen, Zhipeng Hu, Xiaoping Hu, Qi Wu, Junxia Hu, Min Zhang
Summary: The study revealed that patients with AMD had iron deficiency, and this deficiency was associated with the development of AMD in hypertensive patients. Experiments on mice showed that iron-deficient feeding combined with Ang II injection promoted the formation of AMD and significantly shortened the survival time of mice. Additionally, iron deficiency significantly impaired the cytoskeleton of vascular smooth muscle cells.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Haocheng Lu, Wa Du, Lu Ren, Milton H. Hamblin, Richard C. Becker, Y. Eugene Chen, Yanbo Fan
Summary: Aortic aneurysm, including thoracic and abdominal types, is a prevalent aortic disease and a major cause of death globally. Treatments include open surgery and endovascular procedures. Thoracic aneurysm is more genetically influenced, while both types share common features like loss of VSMCs and inflammation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jianing Gao, Yanghui Chen, Huiqing Wang, Xin Li, Ke Li, Yangkai Xu, Xianwei Xie, Yansong Guo, Nana Yang, Xinhua Zhang, Dong Ma, Hong S. Lu, Ying H. Shen, Yong Liu, Jifeng Zhang, Y. Eugene Chen, Alan Daugherty, Dao Wen Wang, Lemin Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the role of GSDMD in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic alteration and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. Gsdmd is found to be upregulated in aortic VSMCs in Ang II-induced AAA. VSMC-specific Gsdmd deletion ameliorates AAA formation. Untargeted metabolomic analysis reveals a significant reduction of putrescine in GSDMD-deficient mice.
Article
Hematology
Jung-Min Park, Van Quan Do, Yoon-Seok Seo, Hyun Jong Kim, Joo Hyun Nam, Ming Zhe Yin, Hae Jin Kim, Sung Joon Kim, Kathy K. Griendling, Moo-Yeol Lee
Summary: This study reveals that NOX1 mediates the generation of Ca2+ signals and contributes to vascular contraction and blood pressure elevation induced by Ang II.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reka Bogati, Eva Katona, Amir H. Shemirani, Eniko Balogh, Helga Bardos, Viktoria Jeney, Laszlo Muszbek
Summary: FXIIIa promotes cell proliferation and collagen secretion in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), while reducing the concentration of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in the culture medium. These effects may impact the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xuelin Zhang, Yang Che, Lin Mao, Dandan Li, Jianqing Deng, Yilong Guo, Quanyi Zhao, Xingzhong Zhang, Li Wang, Xiang Gao, Yinan Chen, Tao Zhang
Summary: This study reveals the important role of histone variant H3.3B in aortic dissection by regulating gene expression and influencing the phenotype transition of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Denise C. Fernandes, Joao Wosniak Jr, Renata C. Goncalves, Leonardo Y. Tanaka, Carolina G. Fernandes, Daniela B. Zanatta, Ana Barbosa M. de Mattos, Bryan E. Strauss, Francisco R. M. Laurindo
Summary: PDIA1 regulates the balance between NOX1 and NOX4, influencing VSMC differentiation and playing a significant role in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuo Wang, Xiaoxiang Tian, Dan Liu, Xiaolin Zhang, Chenghui Yan, Yaling Han
Summary: This study found that overexpression of TRPV5 could decrease the incidence and diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm, inhibit collagen and elastin degradation, increase alpha-SMA, and reduce MMP2 expression. TRPV5 also played a role in regulating VSMC phenotype switch by downregulating KLF4 expression, suggesting it as a potential new strategy for treating AAA.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Julie R. Kessler, Theresa S. Bluemn, Samuel A. Decero, Punashi Dutta, Kaitlyn Thatcher, Donna K. Mahnke, Makenna C. Knas, Hail B. Kazik, Vinal Menon, Joy Lincoln
Summary: Cardiovascular calcification, commonly associated with calcium deposition and tissue mineralization, can occur in vascular and valvular structures, leading to stiffness and dysfunction. Patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperphosphatemia have an elevated risk for coronary artery calcification and calcific aortic valve disease. However, the susceptibility and pathobiology of calcification in these two cardiovascular structures may be different, yet they are treated similarly clinically.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Developmental Biology
Arndt F. Siekmann
Summary: This review discusses the functions of vascular mural cells in blood vessel formation and diameter regulation, as well as their interactions with endothelial cells. It also introduces the signaling pathways controlling mural cell development and highlights distinguishing features of mural cells located on different types of blood vessels. Therapeutic strategies involving mural cells to improve tissue ischemia and vascular efficiency in various diseases are explored.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yifang Li, Matthew Shen, Dorota Ferens, Brad R. S. Broughton, Padma Murthi, Sheetal Saini, Robert E. Widdop, Sharon D. Ricardo, Anita A. Pinar, Chrishan S. Samuel
Summary: Combining BM-MSCs and serelaxin provided broader renoprotection than either therapy alone or perindopril, suggesting a potential novel treatment for hypertensive CKD.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Guang Yang, Tingting Qian, Hui Sun, Qun Xu, Xujuan Hou, Wenqi Hu, Guang Zhang, Grant R. Drummond, Christopher G. Sobey, Paul K. Witting, Kate M. Denton, Fadi J. Charchar, Jonathan Golledge, Yutang Wang
Summary: This study found that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely associated with blood pressure and hypertension in young and middle-aged individuals, but not in older participants. However, in males, HDL-C was not associated with systolic blood pressure or hypertension. Further adjustments for body mass index (BMI) changed the negative associations of HDL-C with blood pressure and hypertension to positive associations in the whole cohort, specifically in males.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hamdi A. Jama, Rikeish R. Muralitharan, Chudan Xu, Joanne A. O'Donnell, Mariane Bertagnolli, Bradley R. S. Broughton, Geoffrey A. Head, Francine Z. Marques
Summary: Hypertension is a challenging disease to study due to its multifactorial nature. Various rodent models have been instrumental in uncovering the genetic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying essential hypertension and testing new treatments. By analyzing these models systemically, researchers have gained insights into how different target organs and systems influence blood pressure in hypertensive conditions.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Drishti P. Ghelani, Hyun Ah Kim, Shenpeng R. Zhang, Grant R. Drummond, Christopher G. Sobey, T. Michael De Silva
Summary: Ischemic stroke induces a multifaceted inflammatory response and immunosuppression, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections. Gut flora may contribute to post-stroke infections, highlighting the importance of protecting and restoring the gut microbiota. Careful administration of therapies for ischemic stroke is essential due to the complex interplay between brain inflammation, post-stroke immunosuppression, and infection risk.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jason A. Glab, Hamsa Puthalakath, Shenpeng R. Zhang, Antony Vinh, Grant R. Drummond, Christopher G. Sobey, T. Michael De Silva, Hyun Ah Kim
Summary: The study found that Bim deficiency can alleviate motor impairment, brain inflammation, and systemic leukocyte apoptosis after stroke.
NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alex Peh, Joanne A. O'Donnell, Brad R. S. Broughton, Francine Z. Marques
Summary: In addition to damaging the brain, stroke also affects the gastrointestinal system. The gut microbiota plays a role in stroke onset, prognosis, and recovery. Clinical studies have found reduced gut microbiome diversity in stroke patients, while experimental studies show that gut microbiome composition affects stroke severity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Caitlin Lewis, Hassan Sellak, Laura Hansen, Giji Joseph, Julian Hurtado, David R. Archer, Ho-Wook Jun, Lou Ann Brown, W. Robert Taylor
Summary: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with deficits in revascularization following vascular injury. This study tested the effects of enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability in SCD mice using L-arginine and NO-hydrogel treatments. The results showed that neither therapy improved postischemic neovascularization in SCD mice, suggesting potential limitations of NO-targeted therapeutics in SCD.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adriana Knezic, Brad R. S. Broughton, Robert E. Widdop, Claudia A. McCarthy
Summary: This study examined the effect of different lengths of light exposure on photothrombotic stroke in two strains of mice. The results showed that increasing light exposure systematically increases infarct volume but does not worsen functional outcomes. Additionally, there were subtle differences in functional outcomes between the FVB/N and C57Bl/6 mice.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
N. Chapman, F. Z. Marques, D. S. Picone, A. Adji, B. R. S. Broughton, Q. N. Dinh, G. Gabb, G. W. Lambert, A. S. Mihailidou, M. R. Nelson, M. Stowasser, M. Schlaich, M. G. Schultz, J. P. Mynard, R. E. Climie
Summary: The study found that Australian adults would prefer to receive information about managing blood pressure without medications and through lifestyle changes from their general practitioner (GP), and they preferred to access this information in the form of one-page summaries.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Review
Virology
Osezua Oseghale, Ross Vlahos, John J. O'Leary, Robert D. Brooks, Doug A. Brooks, Stella Liong, Stavros Selemidis
Summary: Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy disrupts maternal and fetal health, causing inflammation and increasing disease severity. Pregnancy-related adaptations of the immune and cardiovascular systems result in delayed recovery, leading to prolonged inflammation and complications for the mother and fetus, including birth defects and increased risk of neurological disorders.
Article
Physiology
Christina Sul, Caitlin Lewis, Nathan Dee, Nana Burns, Kaori Oshima, Eric Schmidt, Christine Vohwinkel, Eva Nozik
Summary: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. This study investigates the protective effects of the R213G variant of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) pneumonia model. The results suggest that the R213G EC-SOD variant preserves the integrity of the alveolar-capillary interface, attenuates proinflammatory cytokine levels, reduces neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation, and prevents extrapulmonary dissemination of bacteria.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jessica M. Logan, Ashley M. Hopkins, Carmela Martini, Alexandra Sorvina, Prerna Tewari, Sarita Prabhakaran, Chelsea Huzzell, Ian R. D. Johnson, Shane M. Hickey, Ben S. -Y. Ung, Joanna Lazniewska, Robert D. Brooks, Courtney R. Moore, Maria C. Caruso, Litsa Karageorgos, Cara M. Martin, Sharon O'Toole, Laura Bogue Edgerton, Mark P. Ward, Mark Bates, Stavros Selemidis, Adrian Esterman, Sheena Heffernan, Helen Keegan, Sarah Ni Mhaolcatha, Roisin O'Connor, Victoria Malone, Marguerite Carter, Katie Ryan, Andres Clarke, Nathan Brady, Sonja Klebe, Hemamali Samaratunga, Brett Delahunt, Michael J. Sorich, Kim Moretti, Lisa M. Butler, John J. O'Leary, Douglas A. Brooks
Summary: A novel biomarker panel (Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1) was found to be a strong independent predictor for both clinical and biochemical recurrence outcomes, with higher prediction performance than traditional grading. The study also found that biomarker-assisted assessment had better predictive performance for evaluating the risk of biochemical recurrence and clinical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caitlin V. Lewis, Hassan Sellak, Mariem A. Sawan, Giji Joseph, Trevor M. Darby, David VanInsberghe, Crystal R. Naudin, David R. Archer, Rheinallt M. Jones, W. Robert Taylor
Summary: This study found that sickle cell disease (SCD) mice have compromised intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and dysbiosis. The small intestine of SCD mice showed increased intestinal permeability and decreased expression of tight junction proteins. In addition, there was an increase in neutrophils, pro-inflammatory gene expression, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis in the small intestine. These observations were not seen in the colon.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Julian Hurtado, Hassan Sellak, Giji Joseph, Caitlin V. Lewis, Crystal R. Naudin, Sergio Garcia, James Robert Wodicka, David R. Archer, W. Robert Taylor
Summary: This study demonstrates that beta-thalassemia leads to accelerated atherosclerosis. Hemopexin therapy reduces plaque accumulation in both beta-thalassemia and phenylhydrazine-treated mice.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Jason S. Palazzolo, Anukreity Ale, Heidi Ho, Shweta Jagdale, Brad R. S. Broughton, Robert L. Medcalf, David K. Wright, Karen Alt, Christoph E. Hagemeyer, Be'eri Niego
Summary: A novel thrombolytic agent called SCE5-scuPA, which combines single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) with a single-chain antibody (SCE5) that targets the activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet receptor, showed improved clot degradation and potential for treating acute ischemic stroke in experimental studies.