期刊
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
卷 48, 期 6, 页码 772-780出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.014
关键词
Ketoprofen; UVB; ROS; COX-2; Apoptosis; Free radicals
Ketoprofen (KP) is photolabile and undergoes degradation when irradiated by sunlight, causing the development of various skin diseases. In this study, we found that UVB-irradiated KP can lead to inflammatory responses mediated by the induction of COX-2 and production of PGE(2). The ability of cells to repair UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers was impaired by UVB-irradiated KP, which consequently facilitated UVB-induced DNA damage to keratinocytes. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the photodegradation of KP facilitate UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Elevation of the COX-2 levels was inhibited by an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and an NF-kappa B inhibitor but was largely enhanced after glutathione depletion by buthionine sulfoximine. Inhibition of ERK1/2, p38, and PI3K signaling attenuated the induction of COX-2, whereas inhibition of JNK signaling by SP600125 had very little effect. UVB-irradiated KP provoked an appreciable accumulation of pSer(15)-p53/COX-2 complexes, but this nuclear association of complexes was partially inhibited by PD98059. Silencing of COX-2 with siRNA was associated with reduced p53 phosphorylation and enhanced KP-photoinduced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. This induction of apoptosis was prevented by N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, this study highlights the particular inflammatory response to a photooxidative drug and suggests that KP-photoinduced inflammatory responses are predominantly attributable to induction of ROS generation and directly impair DNA repair. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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