Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robin N. N. Poston, Jenna Chughtai, Desara Ujkaj, Huguette Louis, David S. S. Leake, Dianne Cooper
Summary: Atherosclerosis, the main cause of vascular disease, is an inflammatory process driven by monocyte entry into the arterial wall. This study demonstrates the role of CD14 and TLR4 in monocyte adhesion and highlights the involvement of oxidised phospholipids and malondialdehyde in adhesion to oxidised LDL. Additionally, the study suggests that monocytes may bind to MDA in endothelial cells, contributing to atherosclerosis. The interactions between monocytes and platelets in binding to oxLDL could potentially lead to thrombosis at the arterial surface, highlighting the importance of targeted therapeutic interventions.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Miriam Lee-Rueckert, Jani Lappalainen, Petri T. Kovanen, Joan Carles Escola-Gil
Summary: Macrophages play important roles in atherosclerosis and malignant tumors, showing phenotypic and functional plasticity in response to different microenvironments. In atherosclerosis, macrophages form foam cells, which have anti-atherogenic effects. In malignant tumors, macrophages can exhibit either anti-tumoral or pro-tumoral characteristics, but their specific roles are still poorly understood.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Elena Diaz-Garcia, David Sanz-Rubio, Sara Garcia-Tovar, Enrique Alfaro, Pablo Cubero, Ana Gil, Jose M. Marin, Carolin Cubillos-Zapta, Francisco Garcia-Rio
Summary: This study found that OSA patients, especially those with eSA, have high levels of oxLDL, as well as an overexpression of NLRP3 cascade components and TF. In addition, oxLDL and plasma from OSA patients synergistically activate NLRP3 and enhance the inflammatory response, pyroptosis, and TF release. Therefore, there is a pathway mediated by oxLDL that contributes to the interaction between OSA and the development of atherosclerosis.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Puddu, Fabrizio Montecucco, Davide Maggi
Summary: Caveolae are cell surface plasma membrane invaginations observed in terminally differentiated cells, characterized by the presence of caveolin-1. They play a central role in regulating atherosclerosis and can have both pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic functions depending on the cell type examined. This study focuses on the role of caveolin-1 in regulating the fate of LDLs in endothelial cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Wysocka, Agnieszka Zwolak
Summary: The genetic polymorphism of the PON gene cluster may contribute to the progression or deceleration of atherosclerosis, and PON enzymes act as an effective defense against oxidative stress and development of atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelo Zinellu, Stefania Sedda, Arduino A. Mangoni
Summary: The presence of a pro-oxidant state in patients with schizophrenia may contribute to the higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this group. This study investigated the associations between paraoxonase-1 levels and oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients. The results suggest that alterations in paraoxonase-1 may reflect a pro-oxidant state in specific subgroups of patients with schizophrenia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tina Z. Khan, Adam Hartley, Dorian Haskard, Mikhail Caga-Anan, Dudley J. Pennell, Peter Collins, Mahmoud Barbir, Ramzi Khamis
Summary: The study found that lipoprotein apheresis (LA) significantly reduced levels of oxidised LDL (oxLDL) and anti-oxLDL antibodies in patients with refractory angina associated with elevated Lp(a).
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hakan Soyut, Yakup Ulutas, Ekrem Koksal
Summary: This study investigated the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on PON1, and the results showed that methotrexate competitively inhibited PON1, which could be harmful in the treatment of human cancers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Lauren N. Pedersen, Anson M. Blanks, Natalie J. Bohmke, Virginia L. Mihalick, R. Lee Franco
Summary: The study aimed to determine if an individual's physical activity level impacts the phenotype of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages when stimulated with LDL and fatty acid ex vivo. The findings suggest that acute exercise modulates monocyte phenotype after LDL and palmitate stimulation in a protective manner, however, chronic physical activity does not alter monocyte/macrophage responses to any experimental condition in this population.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Marija Vavlukis, Ana Vavlukis, Katerina Krsteva, Sonja Topuzovska
Summary: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme with multiple functions, and several PON1 gene polymorphisms related to cardiovascular diseases have been proven in clinical studies. Different polymorphisms affect the concentration and activity of PON1, thus influencing atherosclerosis. PON1 genotyping may be reasonable in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Berger, Khalid M. Naseem
Summary: Dyslipidaemia promotes proatherogenic oxidative lipid stress, leading to vascular inflammation and thrombosis. Platelet hyperactivity and the presence of oxidatively modified LDL in circulation contribute to these prothrombotic states. This review aims to summarize the advances in understanding the pro-thrombotic signaling events induced by modified LDL ligation in platelets, describe the contribution of individual platelet scavenger receptors, and highlight potential challenges in targeting these pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thiago Rentz, Gabriel G. Dorighello, Renata R. dos Santos, Lohanna M. Barreto, Israelle N. Freitas, Carolina M. Lazaro, Daniela S. Razolli, Patricia M. Cazita, Helena C. F. Oliveira
Summary: CETP activity decreases HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but CETP expression in macrophages can reduce cholesterol accumulation, inflammation, and increase antioxidant capacity. Transplantation experiments showed that CETP expression did not change vascular lesion areas but decreased macrophage and neutrophil content, mitigating inflammation. These findings help explain the failure of CETP inhibitors in reducing atherosclerotic events.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiwen Wang, Juan Chen, Zhuanglin Zeng, Qing Zhang, Gaohui Du, Xiaopeng Guo, Yumiao Wei
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated whether ectopic expression of LOX-1 receptor in the liver could eliminate circulating Ox-LDL and prevent its deposition in the vascular wall, thereby alleviating the progression of atherosclerosis.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yifei Chen, Fangpu Yu, Yu Zhang, Mengmeng Li, Mingxue Di, Weijia Chen, Xiaolin Liu, Yun Zhang, Mei Zhang
Summary: Tongxinluo (TXL) is a traditional Chinese medication that plays a key role in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques by inhibiting lipid deposition through enhancing autophagy in macrophages. It also reverses the inhibitory effect of class I histone deacetylases on the expression of Beclin-1.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Marios K. Georgakis, Sander W. van der Laan, Yaw Asare, Joost M. Mekke, Saskia Haitjema, Arjan H. Schoneveld, Saskia C. A. de Jager, Nick S. Nurmohamed, Jeffrey Kroon, Erik S. G. Stroes, Dominique P. de Kleijn, Gert J. de Borst, Lars Maegdefessel, Oliver Soehnlein, Gerard Pasterkamp, Martin Dichgans
Summary: The study revealed that MCP-1 levels in human atherosclerotic plaques are associated with vulnerability features, clinical manifestations, and increased risk of adverse vascular events. Higher levels of MCP-1 are linked to histopathologic and molecular markers of plaque vulnerability, clinical plaque instability, and risks of major adverse vascular events post plaque removal.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siew Chin Chan, Chih-Wei Tung, Chia-Wei Lin, Yun-Shiuan Tung, Po-Min Wu, Pei-Hsun Cheng, Chuan-Mu Chen, Shang-Hsun Yang
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suyuan Liu, Meiling Tan, Jiangxue Cai, Chenxuan Li, Miaoxin Yang, Xiaoxiao Sun, Bin He
Summary: This study reveals that the antibiotic doxycycline effectively inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by targeting mitochondrial translation and mtDNA synthesis, offering potential for the treatment of NLRP3-related diseases.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Liu, Nana Li, Ge Kuang, Xia Gong, Ting Wang, Jun Hu, Hui Du, Minxuan Zhong, Jiashi Guo, Yao Xie, Yang Xiang, Shengwang Wu, Yiling Yuan, Xinru Yin, Jingyuan Wan, Ke Li
Summary: Protectin D1 (PTD1) improves hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in a NASH mouse model by inhibiting the activation of TLR4 downstream signaling pathway, possibly through upregulation of IRAK-M expression, suggesting a potential new treatment for NASH.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2024)