Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alin-Ionut Piraianu, Ana Fulga, Carmina Liana Musat, Oana-Roxana Ciobotaru, Diana Gina Poalelungi, Elena Stamate, Octavian Ciobotaru, Iuliu Fulga
Summary: This review explores the diverse applications of AI in forensic medicine and pathology, demonstrating the potential to improve accuracy and efficiency in medico-legal practices. Despite challenges in ethics, data security, and algorithmic correctness, continued research and technological advancements hold the key to realizing the full potential of AI in forensic applications.
Review
Microbiology
Qing He, Xueli Niu, Rui-Qun Qi, Min Liu
Summary: This article introduces the application value of microorganisms in forensic identification and summarizes the current status of microbial metagenomics and AI analysis in forensic microbiology.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Rees Powell, Peter Collins, Graham Horsley, John Coumbaros, Wilhelm van Bronswijk
Summary: This paper describes the involvement of a laboratory in a 24-year 'cold-case' investigation in Western Australia, where a large quantity of textile fibres was collected as trace evidence for a sexual assault and two homicides. The investigation presented numerous challenges and a textile fibre microspectrophotometric database was developed for data interpretation. A fibre comparison strategy was devised, leading to the identification of a link to an automotive source and ultimately contributing to the guilty verdict of the accused in a highly publicised criminal trial.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Groh, Ziv Epstein, Chaz Firestone, Rosalind Picard
Summary: The recent emergence of machine-manipulated media has raised the question of how to distinguish between real and fake videos. Through two online studies, we found that ordinary human observers and the leading computer vision deepfake detection model have similar accuracy, but make different types of mistakes. Participants who had access to the model's predictions were more accurate than those without, but incorrect model predictions often decreased participants' accuracy. Further analysis revealed the importance of specialized cognitive capacities in human deepfake detection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Legal
Sophia Laposchan, Ruben F. Kranenburg, Arian C. van Asten
Summary: Cocaine powders seized by the Police may contain numerous substances besides the drug itself, which can provide valuable insight into the history of a seizure and facilitate forensic intelligence. By optimizing routine GC-MS methods and conducting statistical analysis on existing data, a more comprehensive detection of impurities and adulterants in cocaine can be achieved.
Article
Sport Sciences
Mario Thevis, Christian Goergens, Sven Guddat, Andreas Thomas, Hans Geyer
Summary: Test methods in anti-doping continuously undergo optimization to meet growing demands. Research into athletes' exposure to chemicals and drugs is necessary. Analytical data can help differentiate deliberate drug use from contamination through inadvertent exposure.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geography
Jeremy Slack, Daniel E. Martinez
Summary: This article explores the challenges faced by Mexican deportees in Mexico, particularly in the Tamaulipas region, highlighting the violence and crime that deported immigrants encounter. The authors argue that the experiences of the deportees are connected to the deportation, incarceration, and punishment policies implemented by the U.S. government.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fredrik Lauritzen, Astrid Gjelstad
Summary: This study examines the use of dietary supplements (DS) among athletes who have participated in doping controls from 2015 to 2019. Results show that half of the doping control forms contained information about DS. National level athletes are more likely to use DS compared to recreational athletes. Athletes in strength and power, VO2(max) endurance, and muscular endurance sports have the highest proportion of DS use.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Legal
Rishi Sharma, Diksha, Ashish Ramesh Bhute, Binaya Kumar Bastia
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the application and performance of AI technology in postmortem interval (PMI) prediction. The studies show that machine learning models have demonstrated accuracy, precision, and the ability to overcome human errors and bias in PMI estimation. However, the research is limited to small, selected populations, and further large-scale population-based studies are needed to fully understand the integration of ML models.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Hannah Mortimer, Jean Whitehead, Maria Kavussanu, Bahri Gurpinar, Christopher Ring
Summary: The study found that moral values had the best predictive effect on the likelihood of clean sport, while other values associated with the spirit of sport and sport values also had a positive impact on clean sport likelihood.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Andreas Breenfeldt Andersen, Jonathan Graae, Jacob Bejder, Thomas C. Bonne, Soren Seier, Maren Debertin, Kasper Eibye, Morten Hostrup, Nikolai B. Nordsborg
Summary: The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on exercise endurance, maximal aerobic performance, and total hemoglobin mass (tHb) were investigated in this study. The results showed that frequent, small intravenous injections of epoetin beta can improve time trial performance, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and tHb in both males and females. This study provides insights into the effects of microdoses of intravenous rHuEPO on athletic performance and offers training recommendations for athletes.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Juliana Gomez-Quintero, Spencer Chainey, Herve Borrion
Summary: Assessing the harm of organized crime is crucial for law enforcement and other institutions to prioritize efforts and design policies. This research introduces a novel method for harm assessment and demonstrates its application to the heroin trade case.
POLICING-A JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Susanna Meola, Sami Huhtala, Julian Broseus, Manon Jendly, Kaisa Jalava, Laura Aalberg, Pierre Esseiva
Summary: Illicit drug profiling is actively used in routine case work at the National Bureau of Investigation in Finland. The study found that it is effective and useful in investigations and in court, particularly in terms of intelligence use.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Philip Hurst, Ailish King, Kelly Massey, Maria Kavussanu, Christopher Ring
Summary: The effectiveness of a national anti-doping education program was examined by measuring changes in athletes' doping susceptibility, intention to use dietary supplements, Spirit of Sport and moral values, anti-doping knowledge and practice, and whistleblowing. The results showed that athletes reported decreased doping susceptibility and intention to use dietary supplements, coupled with increased importance of values, anti-doping knowledge, anti-doping practice, and whistleblowing after attending the program. Moderated mediation analyses further revealed the indirect relationship between changes in doping susceptibility and dietary supplement use, moderated by moral values.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jake Shelley, Sam N. Thrower, Andrea Petroczi
Summary: The study found that athletes compete in sports mainly for personal satisfaction and to showcase their abilities, rather than being tempted by prohibited substances or methods. The implementation of anti-doping measures is uneven globally, and doping issues stem from specific sporting cultures, negatively impacting the careers of clean athletes.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Heitor S. D. Correa, Ivano Alessandri, Andrea Verzeletti
Summary: This research assessed the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in analyzing bones. The techniques were found to be useful in molecular taphonomy studies and forensic genetics.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2024)