Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lanchun Liu, Jun Hu, Qiyuan Mao, Chao Liu, Haoqiang He, Xiaoshan Hui, Guang Yang, Peirong Qu, Wenjing Lian, Lian Duan, Yan Dong, Juhua Pan, Yongmei Liu, Qingyong He, Jun Li, Jie Wang
Summary: This paper elaborates on the current pharmacological effects of ginseng functional components in treating cardiovascular diseases, summarizes the adverse reactions of ginseng, and provides a list of Chinese patent medicines containing ginseng formula for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaoxue Fang, Manqi Wang, Xinteng Zhou, Huan Wang, Huaying Wang, Hongxing Xiao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of growth years on gene expression in cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng through transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the growth years significantly affected gene expression in cultivated ginseng, especially in the MAPK signaling pathway and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, the growth years had significant effects on genes related to ginsenoside synthesis in cultivated ginseng but had little influence on wild ginseng.
Article
Horticulture
Ga Oun Lee, Seong-Nam Jang, Min Ju Kim, Du Yong Cho, Kye Man Cho, Ji Hyun Lee, Ki-Ho Son
Summary: This study analyzed various factors such as growth patterns, biological compounds, antioxidant properties, ginsenoside contents, metabolites, and the annual net production to determine the optimal harvesting time for ginseng sprouts. Different cultivars showed variations in growth patterns, biological compounds, and antioxidant properties. `Yunpoong' and `K-1' exhibited the highest ginsenoside contents at 5 weeks after transplanting. The longer the growth period, the lower the yield and annual ginsenoside net production. Therefore, `Yunpoong' and `K-1' should be harvested as ginseng sprouts at approximately 3 and 4 weeks after transplanting, respectively.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xianmei Yin, Haoyu Hu, Xiaofeng Shen, Xiangyan Li, Jin Pei, Jiang Xu
Summary: Ginseng, known as the king of herbs, has been used as an important traditional medicine for thousands of years. Ginsenosides, bioactive compounds of ginseng, have posed challenges for research and development due to their complexity. In recent years, the emergence of new biological research tools, particularly omics and bioinformatic tools, has become a major trend in ginseng research.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jang-Hwan Kim, Jae-Sung Shin, Wooki Kim, Hyungjae Lee, Moo-Yeol Baik
Summary: The effects of puffing, acid, and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on the ginsenoside profile and antioxidant capacity of mountain-cultivated Panax ginseng (MCPG) were investigated. Puffing and HHP treatments decreased extraction yield and increased crude saponin content. Puffing treatment showed the highest ginsenoside conversion compared with HHP and acid treatments. When the puffing and acid treatments were combined, Rg3 and compound K content was significantly higher than that of the control and acid treatment. Furthermore, the puffing treatment showed a significant increase in functional properties such as total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and DPPH radical scavenging capacity.
Article
Horticulture
Hong Chen, Xiangzhu Li, Yongjun Zheng, Mingming Liu, Kangyu Wang
Summary: Panax ginseng, an ancient and potent herb, contains ginsenosides which contribute to its medicinal effects. Wild and cultivated ginseng has insufficient saponin content to meet market demand, but ginseng adventitious root suspension culture can produce targeted ginsenosides. The length of culture time impacts plant growth, secondary metabolite accumulation, and gene expression. Extraction and analysis revealed increased total saponins, protopanaxadiol ginsenosides (specifically Rd and Rb1), and gene changes related to ginsenoside biosynthesis.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tao Zhang, Changbao Chen, Yuqiu Chen, Qinghe Zhang, Qiong Li, Weichen Qi
Summary: Short-term cold stress can reduce ginseng biomass and activate antioxidant mechanisms, leading to an increase in ginsenoside concentrations. Key enzyme genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis are positively correlated with ginsenoside accumulation trends. Manipulation of protopanaxadiol/protopanaxatriol ratios can be achieved through low-temperature storage or treatments.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Wang, Shuai Zhang, Lu Zhai, Liwei Sun, Daqing Zhao, Zeyu Wang, Xiangyan Li
Summary: The study showed that total ginsenosides (TGS) can extend the lifespan of worms, improve mobility, have antioxidant and health benefits, and achieve these effects by activating signaling pathways related to antioxidant regulation and longevity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang Liu, Kangyu Wang, Ziyi Yun, Wenbo Liu, Mingzhu Zhao, Yanfang Wang, Jian Hu, Tao Liu, Nan Wang, Yi Wang, Meiping Zhang
Summary: Ginseng, a well-known perennial herb, has been studied for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides. The involvement of GRAS transcription factors in ginsenoside biosynthesis was found, and the PgGRAS68-01 gene closely related to ginsenoside biosynthesis was identified and analyzed. The study revealed that the PgGRAS68-01 gene has spatio-temporal specific expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zhaoqiang Chen, Zepeng Zhang, Jiaqi Liu, Hongyu Qi, Jing Li, Jinjin Chen, Qingxia Huang, Qing Liu, Jia Mi, Xiangyan Li
Summary: This review systematically summarizes the characteristics of ginseng in regulating gut microbiota diversity and the effects of gut microbiota on ginsenoside transformation. The findings suggest that ginseng treatment can modulate the composition of gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Key bacteria involved in the transformation of ginsenosides were also identified. The regulation of gut microbiota by ginseng has important implications for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, colitis, neurological diseases, cancer, and other conditions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Arife Macit, Mevlude Kizil
Summary: This study examined the reduction effects of varying levels of olive leaf extract (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in pan-cooked salmon at 180 and 220 degrees C.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Lei Zhu, Jian Hu, Ruiqi Li, Chang Liu, Yang Jiang, Tao Liu, Mingming Liu, Mingzhu Zhao, Yi Wang, Kangyu Wang, Meiping Zhang
Summary: In this study, the PgGT25-04 gene was identified as a negative regulator of ginsenoside synthesis in ginseng. The gene was found to respond to ABA signals and exhibited spatiotemporally specific expression patterns in ginseng. The results suggest that PgGT25-04 plays a role in the secondary metabolism of ginseng and provide a theoretical basis for further study of Trihelix transcription factors in Panax ginseng.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Li Li, Yanfang Wang, Mingzhu Zhao, Kangyu Wang, Chunyu Sun, Lei Zhu, Yilai Han, Ping Chen, Jun Lei, Yi Wang, Meiping Zhang
Summary: At least five PgOSC genes are involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, including three newly identified genes and two published genes. These genes show significant correlations with ginsenoside contents and their mutations influence ginsenoside levels. The regulation analysis using MeJA further supports the role of these genes in ginsenoside biosynthesis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cynthia Helou, Matheus Thomaz Nogueira Silva Lima, Celine Niquet-Leridon, Philippe Jacolot, Eric Boulanger, Florian Delguste, Axel Guilbaud, Michael Genin, Pauline M. Anton, Carine Delayre-Orthez, Tatiana Papazian, Michael Howsam, Frederic J. Tessier
Summary: In this study, the postprandial kinetics of CML in rodents and humans were investigated. The results showed a decrease in plasmatic sRAGE concentration and an increase in free CML concentration postprandially in humans.
Review
Oncology
Haibo Zhang, Song Park, Hai Huang, Eungyung Kim, Junkoo Yi, Seong-Kyoon Choi, Zaeyoung Ryoo, Myoungok Kim
Summary: Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a natural bioactive compound derived from Panax ginseng Meyer, showing anticancer activity in various human cancer cell lines and enhancing therapeutic effects by modulating multiple signaling pathways.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. Graca Dias, Elsa Vasco, Francisco Ravasco, Lufsa Oliveira
Summary: This study estimated the vitamin D intake of "adults" and "elderly" populations in Portugal using the TDS methodology. The results showed that the majority of people had inadequate vitamin D intake, well below the Dietary Reference Values.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanan Wang, Jiachen Shi, Yong-Jiang Xu, Chin-Ping Tan, Yuanfa Liu
Summary: This study investigates the variations in lipid digestion profiles among individuals of different ages using in vitro digestion models. The findings suggest that adults have a more comprehensive lipid digestion compared to infants, and infants tend to release shorter chain length and more saturated free fatty acids during digestion. Additionally, the particle sizes in the stomach of the elderly were consistently larger. This study enhances our understanding of how lipids with different degrees of unsaturation undergo digestion in diverse age groups.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hyunjong Yu, Huisu Kim, Pahn-Shick Chang
Summary: Chitosan-pectin emulsion-filled hydrogel (EFH) was developed to enhance the bioaccessibility of lipophilic bioactive compounds through intestinal delivery. The EFH, prepared without crosslinking agents, demonstrated improved mechanical strength and compactness with higher pectin concentration. It retained the emulsion at pH 2.0 and released it at pH 7.4, resulting in enhanced release of free fatty acids and improved bioaccessibility of curcumin.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tongze Zhang, Siqi Hong, Jia-Rong Zhang, Pin-He Liu, Siyi Li, Zixian Wen, Jianwei Xiao, Guirong Zhang, Olivier Habimana, Nagendra P. Shah, Zhongquan Sui, Harold Corke
Summary: Lactic acid fermentation significantly affects the morphology and physicochemical properties of proso millet starch, including the formation of surface indentations and small pores, decrease in gelatinization temperatures, and changes in hardness and adhesiveness.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liqin Kong, Feng Hong, Peng Luan, Yiping Chen, Yaoze Feng, Ming Zhu
Summary: This study presents a novel impedance biosensor using composite nanomaterials and T1R1 as a signal probe, which can competitively and ultra-sensitively detect umami intensity. The biosensor exhibits exceptional analytical performance and is suitable for food flavor evaluation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kunying Lv, Yixin Yang, Qilong Li, Ran Chen, Liang Deng, Yiwei Zhang, Ning Jiang
Summary: Horse's milk, with its high nutritional value and low allergenic proteins, could be a substitute for cow's milk in infant consumption. A proteomic method was used to identify and compare milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and whey proteins from different horse breeds. The study found differences in protein composition and functionality, which could support the development of formulas more suitable for human infants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrique Jacobo Diaz-Montana, Helene Brignot, Ramon Aparicio-Ruiz, Thierry Thomas- Danguin, Maria Teresa Morales
Summary: Sensory perception of virgin olive oil is influenced by phenols and volatiles, which are affected by the composition of the oil and biological factors. This study investigated the effect of saliva and phenols on the release of volatiles, and found that the presence of phenols decreased the release of saturated volatiles.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wei Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zhen Cai, Fangfang Wu, Yong Hu, Chao Huang, Kun Hu, Yun Chen
Summary: Environmentally friendly and outstanding pH-responsive cationic starch nanoparticles (CSNP) were prepared from pH-sensitive starch. CSNP exhibited nanosize and regular sphere, highly free-flowing molecular chains, and demonstrated excellent pH responsiveness through multiple emulsion/demulsification transitions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Koo, Vinayak Ghate, Weibiao Zhou
Summary: This study suggests that direct seeding may negatively affect the nutritional quality of crops, causing a decrease in ascorbic acid, vitamin K, and total glucosinolate content.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tonghao Du, Yazhou Xu, Xiaoyan Xu, Shijin Xiong, Linli Zhang, Biao Dong, Jinqing Huang, Tao Huang, Muyan Xiao, Tao Xiong, Mingyong Xie
Summary: This study successfully improved the ACE inhibitory activity of black sesame seeds by fermenting them with Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 and hydrolyzing them using acid protease. The RF-PSO model was used to predict the ACE inhibitory activity during the hydrolysis process. Eight peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were identified from fermented black sesame seed hydrolysates after separation and screening.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yao Liu, Songyi Lin, Kexin Liu, Shan Wang, Qiaozhen Liu, Na Sun
Summary: This study analyzed the structural changes of shrimp proteins during digestion, predicted the immunodominant epitopes, and validated their allergenicity. The results showed that shrimp proteins were degraded into peptides during digestion, but still carried IgE epitopes that trigger allergic reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tiantian Fu, Hongwei Cao, Yu Zhang, Xiao Guan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of milling on the active components in rice, with a focus on the stability and bioaccessibility of phenols, VB1, and alpha-GABA during cooking and digestion. The findings show that milling exacerbates the instability of gamma-GABA during cooking and VB1 during digestion, and it affects the bioaccessibility of these active compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhihao Yang, Yanru Hou, Min Zhang, Puxin Hou, Chang Liu, Lu Dou, Xiaoyu Chen, Lihua Zhao, Lin Su, Ye Jin
Summary: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of feeding regimes on lamb flavor by using TMT labeling combined with MS. The results showed that pasture-fed groups had higher levels of amino acids and volatile flavor substances compared to concentrate-fed groups. Additionally, several differentially abundant proteins associated with lamb flavor were identified.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zixuan Xie, De Zhang, Junyu Zhu, Qianqian Luo, Jun Liu, Jingtao Zhou, Xiaoyong Wang, Yuqiong Chen, Zhi Yu, Dejiang Ni
Summary: This study investigated the acidification of aroma-enhanced black tea during storage. Analysis of non-volatile substances and organic acids using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC revealed a decrease in soluble sugars and amino acids, while an increase in organic acids such as oxalic acid, malic acid, and quinic acid. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that the acidification is a result of the decomposition of sugars and amino acids by heating, as well as the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes. Additionally, the study showed that the taste composition of tea infusion is altered, with reduced amino acids, catechins, soluble sugars, and flavonoids. This research provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of black tea.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lin Wang, Falai Ma, Zihan Li, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study developed time-temperature integrators based on amyloglucosidase@Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers for monitoring the freshness of chilled pork. The results showed that the integrators were highly reliable and accurate in predicting the quality of chilled pork.