☆ 4.3 Article

From sample average treatment effect to population average treatment effect on the treated: combining experimental with observational studies to estimate population treatment effects

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY (2015)

期刊

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY

卷 178, 期 3, 页码 757-778

出版社

WILEY

DOI: 10.1111/rssa.12094

关键词

Causal inference; Cost-effectiveness studies; External validity; Observational studies; Placebo tests; Randomized controlled trials

类别

Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods Statistics & Probability

资金

National Institute for Health Research [SRF-2013-06-016]
Economic and Social Research Council [ES/G00188X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
Medical Research Council [G106/1173] Funding Source: researchfish
National Institute for Health Research [SRF-2013-06-016] Funding Source: researchfish
ESRC [ES/G00188X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
MRC [G106/1173] Funding Source: UKRI
National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) [SRF-2013-06-016] Funding Source: National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR)

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Protocol

Reagent

摘要

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can provide unbiased estimates of sample average treatment effects. However, a common concern is that RCTs may fail to provide unbiased estimates of population average treatment effects. We derive the assumptions that are required to identify population average treatment effects from RCTs. We provide placebo tests, which formally follow from the identifying assumptions and can assess whether they hold. We offer new research designs for estimating population effects that use non-randomized studies to adjust the RCT data. This approach is considered in a cost-effectiveness analysis of a clinical intervention: pulmonary artery catheterization.

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